2018高考英语二轮复习专题一阅读理解第2讲推理判断题靶向训练.docx

专题一 阅读理解第2讲 推理判断题真题演练A(2017全国卷，阅读理解C)(导学号 58210003)Terrafugia Inc.said Monday that its new flying car has completed its first flight，bringing the company closer to its goal of selling the flying car within the next year.The vehiclenamed the Transitionhas two seats，four wheels and wings that fold up so it can be driven like a car.The Transition，which flew at 1，400 feet for eight minutes last month，can reach around 70 miles per hour on the road and 115 in the air.It flies using a 23gallon tank of gas and burns 5 gallons per hour in the air.On the ground，it gets 35 miles per gallon.Around 100 people have already put down a$10，000 deposit to get a Transition when they go on sale，and those numbers will likely rise after Terrafugia introduces the Transition to the public later this week at the New York Auto Show.But dont expect it to show up in too many driveways.Its expected to cost $279，000.And it wont help if youre stuck in traffic.The car needs a runway.Inventors have been trying to make flying cars since the 1930s，according to Robert Mann，an airline industry expert.But Mann thinks Terrafugia has come closer than anyone to making the flying car a reality.The government has already permitted the company to use special materials to make it easier for the vehicle to fly.The Transition is now going through crash tests to make sure it meets federal safety standards.Mann said Terrafugia was helped by the Federal Aviation Administrations decision five years ago to create a separate set of standards for light sport aircraft，which are lower than those for pilots of larger planes.Terrafugia says an owner would need to pass a test and complete 20 hours of flying time to be able to fly the Transition，a requirement pilots would find relatively easy to meet.【语篇解读】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍了国外一家公司研发飞行汽车的最近进展。28What is the first paragraph mainly about?AThe basic data of the Transition.BThe advantages of flying cars.CThe potential market for flying cars.DThe designers of the Transition.解析：主旨大意题。根据第一段中提到飞行汽车的两个座位、四个轮子以及车翼、飞行速度、油耗等情况可知，该段是在介绍飞行汽车Transition的基本数据，故选A项。B项曲解文意，该段最后三句只是列举了这款飞行汽车在路上和在空中行驶时的一些数据对比，并没有提及其优势；C项无中生有，该段并没有提及这款飞行汽车的潜在市场问题；D项以偏概全，文中确实提到了飞行汽车的设计者，但它不是本段的主要内容。答案：A29Why is the Transition unlikely to show up in too many driveways?AIt causes traffic jams.BIt is difficult to operate.CIt is very expensive.DIt burns too much fuel.解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“But dont expect it to show up in too many driveways.Its expected to cost $279，000.”可知，此款汽车不能推广的主要原因是它太贵了，故选C项。A、B两项无中生有，文章并没有提及这款汽车会导致交通拥堵和难以操作的问题；D项曲解文意，第一段的最后两句介绍了飞行汽车的油耗，但没提及耗油太多。答案：C30.What is the governments attitude to the development of the flying car?ACautious. BFavorable.CAmbiguous. DDisapproving.解析：观点态度题。根据第三段“The government has already permitted the company to use special materials to make it easier for the vehicle to fly.”中的permit可知，政府对此持支持的态度，故选B项。A项“谨慎的”，C项“模棱两可的”，D项“不同意的”。答案：B31What is the best title for the text?AFlying Car at Auto ShowBThe Transitions First FlightCPilots Dream Coming TrueDFlying Car Closer to Reality解析：主旨大意题。本文是一则新闻报道，介绍了一种新型的飞行汽车。新闻报道的主题句通常是第一句话，本文的第一句中提到了“flying car”和“closer to its goal of selling the flying car within the next year ”，由此可知，飞行汽车快要变成现实了，故选D项。A项以偏概全，该项虽然有flying car，但出现在汽车展览会上是以后的事，并不是文章重点；B项以偏概全，这款飞行汽车在上个月的飞行只是在第一段提到，并不能概括全文；C项张冠李戴，最后一段虽然提到了飞行员，但开飞行汽车不是他们的梦想。答案：DB(2016全国卷，阅读理解B)Grandparents Answer a CallAs a thirdgeneration native of Brownsville，Texas，Mildred Garza never planned to move away.Even when her daughter and son asked her to move to San Antonio to help with their children，she politely refused.Only after a year of friendly discussion did Ms.Garza finally say yes.That was four years ago.Today all three generations regard the move as a success，giving them a closer relationship than they would have had in separate cities.No statistics show the number of grandparents like Garza who are moving closer to adult children and grandchildren.Yet there is evidence suggesting that the trend is growing.Even President Obamas motherinlaw，Marian Robinson，has agreed to leave Chicago and move into the White House to help care for her granddaughters.According to a study by ，83 percent of the people said Mrs.Robinsons decision will influence grandparents in the American family.Twothirds believe more families will follow the example of Obamas family.“In the 1960s we were all a little wild and couldnt get away from home far enough or fast enough to prove we could do it on our own，”says Christine Crosby，publisher of Grand，a magazine for grandparents.“We now realize how important family is and how important it is to be near them，especially when youre raising children.”Moving is not for everyone.Almost every grandparent wants to be with his or her grandchildren and is willing to make sacrifices，but sometimes it is wiser to say no and visit frequently instead.Having your grandchildren far away is hard，especially knowing your adult child is struggling，but giving up the life you know may be harder.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了社会上很多老年人搬到离子女近的地方居住的一种趋势。同时也建议老人们要做出适合自己的选择。25Why was Garzas move a success?AIt strengthened her family ties.BIt improved her living conditions.CIt enabled her to make more friends.DIt helped her know more new places.解析：细节理解题。根据首段末句可知，Mildred Garza老人搬到离孩子近的地方居住让他们的关系更密切，一家人认为这是一个成功的事情。故选A。答案：A26.What was the reaction of the public to Mrs.Robinsons decision?A17% expressed their support for it.BFew people responded sympathetically.C83% believed it had a bad influence.DThe majority thought it was a trend.解析：推理判断题。根据第二段末句“Two thirds believe more families will follow the example of Obamas family ”可推断，很多人会受Marian Robinson的影响，所以这会形成一种潮流。故选D 。答案：D27What did Crosby say about people in the 1960s?AThey were unsure of themselves.BThey were eager to raise more children.CThey wanted to live away from their parents.DThey had little respect for their grandparents.解析：细节理解题。根据第三段首句可知，在60年代人们都希望离开家，以此来证明自己的独立。故选 C。答案：C28.What does the author suggest the grandparents do in the last paragraph?AMake decisions in the best interests of their own.BAsk their children to pay more visits to them.CSacrifice for their struggling children.DGet to know themselves better.解析：推理判断题。根据末段推知，作者建议人们要明智不要为了孩子而做出牺牲。故选A 。答案：AC (2017全国卷，阅读理解B)(导学号 58210004)I first met Paul Newman in 1968，when George Roy Hill，the director of Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid，introduced us in New York City.When the studio didnt want me for the filmit wanted somebody as well known as Paulhe stood up for me.I dont know how many people would have done that；they would have listened to their agents or the studio powers.The friendship that grew out of the experience of making that film and The Sting four years later had its root in the fact that although there was an age difference，we both came from a tradition of theater and live TV.We were respectful of craft(技艺)and focused on digging into the characters we were going to play.Both of us had the qualities and virtues that are typical of American actors：humorous，aggressive，and making fun of each otherbut always with an underlying affection.Those were also at the core(核心)of our relationship off the screen.We shared the belief that if youre fortunate enough to have success，you should put something backhe with his Newmans Own food and his Hole in the Wall camps for kids who are seriously ill，and me with Sundance and the institute and the festival.Paul and I didnt see each other all that regularly，but sharing that brought us together.We supported each other financially and by showing up at events.I last saw him a few months ago.Hed been in and out of the hospital.He and I both knew what the deal was，and we didnt talk about it.Ours was a relationship that didnt need a lot of words.【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者和一位名演员Paul Newman之间的友谊。24Why was the studio unwilling to give the role to the author at first?APaul Newman wanted it.BThe studio powers didnt like his agent.CHe wasnt famous enough.DThe director recommended someone else.解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“When the studio didnt want me for the filmit wanted somebody as well known as Paulhe stood up for me.”可知，电影公司想要跟保罗一样出名的人，由此可以判断，“我”不够出名，故选C项。A项颠倒是非，根据上面的分析可知，电影公司起初不想要“我”，但保罗支持“我”演这个角色，而不是保罗想要演这个角色；B项无中生有，文章并未提及公司实权人物是否喜欢他的经纪人；D项无中生有，导演只是想要像保罗一样出名的人，但文中并未提及他推荐其他人。答案：C25.Why did Paul and the author have a lasting friendship?AThey were of the same age.BThey worked in the same theater.CThey were both good actors.DThey had similar characteristics.解析：推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Both of us had the qualities and virtues that are typical of American actors：humorous，aggressive，and making fun of each otherbut always with an underlying affection.Those were also at the core(核心)of our relationship off the screen.”可知，“我”与保罗在荧幕前和荧幕后都很幽默、有进取心，并开对方的玩笑，即两人有相似的性格，故选D项。A项颠倒是非，根据文章第二段中although there was an age difference可知，两人有年龄差异；B项曲解文意，根据文章第二段中“.we both came from a tradition of theater and live TV.”可知，“我们”两个都遵循剧院和直播电视平台的传统；C项答非所问，说两人都是好演员，这与他们有着长久的友谊构不成因果关系。答案：D26What does the underlined word“that”in Paragraph 3 refer to?ATheir belief.BTheir care for children.CTheir success.DTheir support for each other.解析：词义猜测题。根据第三段第一句“We shared the belief that.”以及下面对belief的具体解释可知，画线处是指共同拥有这种“信念”使“我们”两人更近了，故选A项。B项范围过大，照顾孩子是保罗做的，作者并没有做；C项答非所问，他们的成功虽然在文中提到，但与本题所问问题无关；D项答非所问，他们互相支持，是在画线词后出现的，与画线词含义无关。答案：A27.What is the authors purpose in writing the text?ATo show his love of films.BTo remember a friend.CTo introduce a new movie.DTo share his acting experience.解析：写作意图题。本文是按照时间顺序写的，从与保罗的最初相见，到友谊慢慢加深，以及几个月前去看生病的保罗，由此可知作者写此文的目的是回忆一位朋友，故选B项。A项移花接木，作者对电影的热爱不是写此文的目的；C项无中生有，文章并没有介绍一部新电影；D项移花接木，分享自己的表演经历在文中一笔带过，并没有重点写，不是写此文的目的。答案：B模拟演练A(2017九江十校高三联考)(导学号 58210005)A funny thing happened between Chinas first female Nobel Prize winner，Tu Youyou，giving her acceptance speech in Sweden and that speech reaching her home country: Two entirely different versions appeared，and the fake one became a viral hit.Guess which version is genuine? The one that matteroffactly tells about the discovery of artemisinin(青蒿素)，or the one with extreme literary style，complete with her father explaining the origin of her given name and poetic lines such as，“I like tranquility(宁静)，tranquil as the leaves of sweet wormwood(蒿草)”Most readers were so touched by the literary version that they were left in tears.However，they just forgot that Tu is not a woman of letters，but one of science.It was totally made up by someone who obviously has great literary talent，but could not fathom the inner life of a scientist.I dont know who made up the Tu speech，or for what purpose.It does not strike me as funny.Fortunately，no mainstream media seemed to have been fooled.Yet the fake one has probably been shared more than the real one because it played to the Chinese stereotype(固定形式) of what such a speech should be.Chinas cyberspace(信息空间) is full of educational and uplifting quotes，and quite a lot of them are made up.There is a joke that says the United States spying network collected and examined all the Internet data in China and found that the Chinese are addicted to such chicken soup，including that from untrustworthy sources.【语篇解读】本文是关于一篇屠呦呦的假获奖感言在网上疯传引起的想法，提醒我们要仔细辨别网上的信息。1.The reason why many readers were moved to tears by the fake speech is that_Ait was based on Tus real lifeBit was written in literary styleCthe readers had passions for scienceDthe readers knew about the origin of Tus given name解析：推理判断题。根据第三段第一句话“Most readers were so touched by the literary version that they were left in tears.”可推出这篇文章是用文学化的语言写出来的，让很多人都很感动。故B项正确。答案：B2What does the underlined word “letters” mean in the third paragraph?AWritten messages addressed to a person or organization.BCharacters in an alphabet that represent speech sounds.CCertificate or license.DLiterary knowledge，ability，or learning解析：词义猜测题。根据第二段对屠呦呦的假获奖感言的描述以及该词后文“but one of science”可知，屠呦呦不是作家，而是科学家，说明该词表示与科技相反的词汇。D项“Liteary knowledge，ability，or learning”符合上下文语境。答案：D3Why has the fake speech been shared more than the real one?ABecause it was the Chinese stereotype.BBecause many mainstream medias were fooled.CBecause it was funny.DBecause the writer understood the inner life of a scientist.解析：细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句话“Yet the fake one has probably been shared more than the real one because it played to the Chinese stereotype of what such a speech should be.”可知因为这篇虚假文章用的是中文的格式写出来的，故答案A正确。答案：A4.The purpose of the article is to_ .Aprove that Chinese are addicted to fake newsBprove that Chinese scientists have no literary talentCtell us there are a lot of fake news on the InternetDfind out who made up the fake speech解析：写作意图题。根据最后一段第一句“Chinas cyberspace(信息空间) is full of educational and uplifting quotes，and quite a lot of them are made up.”作者通过一篇屠呦呦的假获奖感言在网上疯传引起的想法，提醒我们要仔细辨别网上的信息。故C正确。答案：CB(2017太原高三上学期末检测)(导学号 58210006)Everyone knows that if a dogs ears are up and its tail is wagging vigorously，it is definitely pleased to see you.but now scientists using a robot have found that the way dogs use their tails is more complicated than we thought，and that dogs which wag them to the left may be more friendly.The animal psychologists discovered that when real dogs approached a lifesized robot dog，they were less cautious about it when it was wagging its tail to the left，while if it was wagging its tail to the right，far fewer dogs approached it in a confident manner.In the first experiments，56 percent of the animals approached the model without hesitation when the tail was wagged to the left，while only 21 percent did so in the other situation.When the researchers excluded(排除)owners from being present，the result were: 31 percent of the dogs approached continuously when the tail was wagging to the left，while only 18 percent did so when it was on the right.Animal psychologist Roger Mugford said it added to the growing evidence that dogs were even more complicated communicators than the animals more closely related to man such as monkeys.He said，“We know that dogs，in a sense，have languages，but it is more complicated because it is not just them wagging their tails，but also giving out chemical displays.”He adds，“The research confirms earlier studies suggesting that dogs，like humans，had a leftside preference.If you are going to present a signal to a dog，it is sensible to put it on your lefthand side because that is where dogs，unlike most other animals，tend to look.It is another example of the similarity between dogs and humans.They are a lot more human than we give them credit for.”【语篇解读】科学实验表明：狗摇尾巴传达了更多的我们以前不知道的信息，并且狗和人类还有许多我们以前不知道的相似性。5.What does it tell us if a dog wags its tail to the right?AIt was very energetic.BIt was in a bad mood.CIt might be unfriendly.DIt must be confident.解析：推理判断题。根据第一段中“.dogs which wag them to the left may be more friendly.while if it was wagging its tail to the right，far fewer dogs approached it in a confident manner.”和第二段的实验结果可知如果狗往右侧摇尾巴，说明它不友好，很少有其他狗接近它。故选C。答案：C6.What can be inferred from the second paragraph?ASome dogs approach the robot dog confidently.BMost dogs were afraid to approach the robot dog.CSome dogs lack confidence with their owners present.DDog owners may influence the behaviour of their pets.解析：推理判断题。根据第二段实验中提到的“When the researchers excluded(排除)owners from being present”可知主人是否在场会影响狗的行为，故选D。答案：D7.What can we learn from animal psychologists experiments?ADogs can communicate more than human beings.BDogs have more complicated emotions than monkeys.CDogs tailwagging conveys more information than previously believed.DDogs intelligence can be much higher than any other kind of animal.解析：推理判断题。根据第一段中“.scientists using a robot have found that the way dogs use their tails is more complicated than we thought”和第三段中“.that dogs，in a sense，have languages，but it is more complicated because it is not just them wagging their tails，but also giving out chemical displays.”可知实验表明狗摇尾巴传达了更多的我们以前不知道的信息，故选C。答案：C8.What can we infer from Roger Mugfords words?AThe leftside preference should be studied further.BDogs have more in common with humans than we think.CNo other animals show the leftside preference except dogs.DDogs have a more complicated language than we people do.解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段“.The research confirms earlier studies suggesting that dogs，like humans，had a leftside preference”和“It is another example of the similarity between dogs and humans.They are a lot more human than we give them credit for.”可知狗和人类有许多我们以前不知道的相似性，故选B。答案：BC(2017临沂一模)When Ricochet was just a young pup，her owner Judy Fridono hoped the dog might one day become a service dog and help people.But Ricochet had other plans，at least for the first part.She failed at service dog training，but she went on to help millions of people around the world learn how to trust，how to love，and how to surf.According to Fridono，the dog seemed naturally suited to life as a service dog.She was great with people，especially kids，and she had plenty of energy.But birds were her weakness.She just couldnt seem to stop running after them.And thats not a good quality for a service dog that needs to focus on the person shes helping.Fridono said at the beginning she was disappointed when Ricochet didnt succeed at service dog school.But it wasnt long before the pup let her true skills shine through.At just 8 weeks old，Ricochet climbed on to a board that had been left in a childrens pool，showing her special talent for balance.Soon，Ricochet was making headlines as the beachloving dog who could hang ten on a surfboard.But she wasnt finished showing off her special talen