2020版高考英语总复习Unit4Astronomythescienceofthestars课时作业.docx

Unit4 Astronomy the science of the stars.阅读理解AHumanbeingsareinforadoubletreatinJanuarywiththeappearanceoftwosupermoons.ThefirstonerisesonthenightofNewYearsDay.Thesecondcomesonthelastnightofthemonth,endingupwithalunareclipse(月食).Thatistheendofatrilogy(三部曲)ofbigmoontreatsthatbeganinDec.3withafullcoldmoon.TheJan.1supermoonwillbethebiggestoftheyear.Themoonwillappeartobeoversizedforafewnightsafterthat,thoughitwillnolongerbeafullmoon.AsupermoonisafullmoonthatappearsattheclosestpointinthemoonsorbittoEarth,about14percentlargerand30percentbrighterthanfullmoonsthatappearatthefarthestpointintheorbit.Supermoonshangaroundallnight,areeasytoseeandarenotdamagingtotheeyes,nomatterhowlongyougazeatthemoon.ForthosewhomaymissthenightofJan.1,anevenmorecharmingsupermoonwillriseonthenightofJan.31.Thatwillbethesecondfullmoonofthemonth,whichisusuallycalleda “bluemoon” becauseadoublefull-moonmonthoccursessentiallyonceinabluemoonaboutevery2.5years.Abluemoonisevenrarerwhenitsasupermoon.Butthatwontbetheonlyraritythatnight.Thesuperbluemoonwillalsooccurduringatotallunareclipse.Ifskiesareclear,thetotaleclipsewillbevisiblefromeasternAsiaacrossthePacificOceantowesternNorthAmerica.Lunareclipsesmakemoonsappearblood-redbecauseofthewaytheblockedsunlightbends,whenEarthmovesbetweenthesunandthemoon,blockingthesunslightfromreflectingoffthemoon.Soprepareyourselfforthesuperbluebloodmoononthenightofthelunareclipse.Togetthefulleffectofthelunareclipse,watchatmoonset.1.Whatdoestheunderlinedword “That” inParagraph1referto?A.Thelunareclipse.B.TheNewYearsDay.C.ThesupermoonofJan.31.D.Thebiggestsupermoon.2.WhatcanwelearnaboutthesupermoononJan.31fromthetext?A.Itwillbeasuperbluemoon.B.Itwillbeginwithalunareclipse.C.Itwillbeobservedallovertheworld.D.Itwillbethebiggestmoonoftheyear.3.WhatdoestheauthoradviseobserverstodoaboutthelunareclipseonJan.31?A.Watchitwhenthemoonsets.B.Decidethespotfirstwhentheywatchit.C.Filmthewholelunareclipsewithmobilephones.D.Preparesunglassesbecausethemoonistoobright.4.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.DoubleNewYearsupermoonsB.ThedefinitionofasupermoonC.SupermoonswithalunareclipseD.TherarityofthebluesupermoonB“Itsreallyabreakthrough,” saidBritishscientistGuillemaboutthediscoveryofaplanet “moreorless” likeEarththatisorbitingProximaCentauri,thestarnearesttooursolarsystem.Proximab,or “Earth”asyoucouldcallit,isalittlebiggerthanourEarth,anditsyearsonlytake11days.Also,sinceitissomuchclosertoitsreddwarf(矮星)starthanwearetothesun,theskyonitsworldisorangewithoutanyblueatall,creatingaforeversunseteffect.Therearealotofquestionsforlifeformsthatcouldliveonthisnewplanet.AstheChicagoTribunewrote: “Doyouhavepoetry?Superheroes?Television?Diets?Meanbosses?Doyouhaveanyinterestinvisitingotherworlds?Ifso,putEarthonyourMust-Seelist.”ThediscoveryoftheplanetmadeuswonderifanyonehadseenorheardofthespacepostcardsfromPioneer10andPioneer11spaceprobes(探测器),sentupintospacein1972andthenextyear.Togetherwiththeprobeswerepicturesofamanandawoman,alongwithdiagramsofthesolarsystem.GoldrecordsweresentupintospaceonVoyagerprobesin1977.Ifaliens(外星人)onProximabhadplayedtherecords,theywouldhavefoundhumanvoicesandpicturesthatshowedtherichdiversityofEarth.ItmightnotbetimetoplanavisittoProximabjustyetevenifithasanatmosphereasfirst,wewouldneedtoinventawaytogetthereinlessthanthe78,000yearsitwouldtakeat36,000mph. “ProximablookstouslikeapromisingPlanetB,justincasethingsgoreallysouthonthisblueplanet,” theChicagoTribunewrote.5.WhatdoweknowaboutProximab?A.Ithasanorangesky.B.Itisclosertothesun.C.Ithasnosunrise.D.ItisaslargeasEarth.6.WhatcouldbefoundonthegoldrecordssentupbyVoyagerprobesin1977?A.Picturesofacouple.B.Mapsofthesolarsystem.C.Recordedsounds.D.Severalpostcards.7.Whatdoestheunderlinedsentenceinthelastparagraphprobablymean?A.Earthmovestothesouth.B.ProximabgetsclosertoEarth.C.Situationchangesfavourably.D.ConditionsonEarthgetworse.8.WhatwastheattitudeoftheChicagoTribunetowardsthediscoveryoftheplanet?A.Excited.B.Worried.C.Uninterested.D.Proud.语法填空阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。ThecarrierrocketsentaShenzhou11spacecraft(航天器)withastronautsChenDongandJingHaipengintospace.TherocketwasfiredfromtheJiuquanSatelliteLaunchCentre1.theGobidesert.AftertwodaysinEarthsorbit,thespacecraft2.(be)tolinkupwithChinasspacelaboratory,calledtheTiangong-2,3.namemeans“HeavenlyPalace2”.Thelab4.(place)intoorbitlastmonth.Theastronautswillspend30daysontheTiangong-2.Theyplantoperform5.(science)andspacecraft-relatedexperimentsandtestsystemsforafuturespacestation.In6.words,theTiangong-2laboratorywillnotbepartofthatspacestation.Itsmaingoalistopractisethetechniquesandthe7.(technology)thatwillbe8.(use)tobuildandoperatethatfinalspacestation.ItispredictedthattheChinesespacestationwillbebuiltmostlybymachines.Chinahopestohavethespacestation9.(complete)by2022anditisexpectedtooperateforatleast10years.Chinaalsoplanstolandaprobe(探测器)onMarsby2020.Untilnow,Chinahascompletedatotaloffivemannedspacemissions.And,in2003,it10.(successful)landedaprobeonthemoon.短文改错ThereistoomanypeopleandtoomanypollutiononEarth.Ifwemovedtothemoononeday,howwouldlifebelikethere?Inmyopinion,lifewouldbemuchmorecomfortonthemoonthanonEarth.Therewouldbenopollutionandnotrafficjam.Wecouldgowhereverwelikeinoneminutebythespaceship,whichwouldbemuchfastthanatrainoranairplane.Wewouldeatwhateveryoulikewithoutbeingconcernedunhealthyingredients.ThisisaplacewhereIamalwaysdreamingabout.课时作业(十四). A【文章大意】 本文是一篇说明文,主要介绍了新年超级月亮。1.C推理判断题。根据第一段第三句“The second comes on the last night of the month, ending up with a lunar eclipse (月食).”和第三段第一句“For those who may miss the night of Jan. 1, an even more charming supermoon will rise on the night of Jan. 31.”可推知,此处的that是指1月31号的超级月亮,故选C。2.A细节理解题。根据第三段第二句“That will be the second full moon of the month, which is usually called a blue moon because a double full-moon month occurs essentially once in a blue moonabout every 2.5 years.”可知,1月31号的超级月亮是蓝月亮,故选A。3.A细节理解题。根据最后一段最后两句“So prepare yourself for the super blue blood moon on the night of the lunar eclipse. To get the full effect of the lunar eclipse, watch at moonset.”可知,作者建议在1月31号月亮落下时观看月食,故选A。4.A标题概括题。根据第一段第一句“Human beings are in for a double treat in January with the appearance of two supermoons.”开篇点题,并结合对全文的整体理解可推知,本文主要讲的是两个新年超级月亮,故选A。B【文章大意】 本文是一篇说明文,主要讲述了科学家发现了Proxima b星球,Proxima b星球与地球的情况非常相似。5.A细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句“the sky on its world is orange without any blue at all”可知,Proxima b星球有着橙色的天空,故选A。6.C推理判断题。根据第四段最后两句“Gold records were sent up into space on Voyager probes in 1977. If aliens (外星人) on Proxima b had played the records, they would have found human voices and pictures that showed the rich diversity of Earth.”可推断出gold records里有录制好的声音,故选C。7.D推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句“Proxima b looks to us like a promising Planet B, just in case things go really south on this blue planet, the Chicago Tribune wrote.”这句话的意思是Proxima b是一个有潜力的星球,万一地球上的情况变糟糕呢,故选D。8.A观点态度题。最后一段最后一句“Proxima b looks to us like a promising Planet B, just in case things go really south on this blue planet, the Chicago Tribune wrote.”可知Chicago Tribune认为Proxima b是一个有潜力的星球,以防地球上的情况变糟糕,所以Chicago Tribune对于发现这个星球非常激动,故选A。.【文章大意】 本文是一篇说明文,主要介绍了中国的太空实验室“天宫2号”的情况。1.in考查介词。酒泉卫星发射中心地处戈壁滩,表示在某地,故用介词in。2.was考查动词时态。与上文was fired呼应可知,事情发生在过去,故用一般过去时,即was。3.whose考查定语从句。whose引导非限制性定语从句,在从句中作定语,修饰先行词Tiangong-2。4.was placed考查动词时态和语态。与语境last month呼应可知,事情发生在过去,且place和句子主语the lab构成逻辑上的被动关系,故用一般过去时的被动语态。5.scientific考查词性转换。scientific是形容词,在句子中作定语,修饰名词experiments。6.other考查固定搭配。in o