2020版高考英语总复习Unit2Robots课时作业选修7.docx

Unit2 Robots.阅读理解AArtificialintelligence(AI),hasslowlybeguntoinfluencehighereducationaroundtheworld.Now,onenewAItoolcouldchangethewayuniversitystudentsevaluatetheirprofessors.ThetooliscalledHubert.ItisateacherevaluationtoolthatappearsasanAI-poweredchatbot(聊天机器人).Insteadoffillingoutaform,studentsuseachatwindowtogivefeedbackontheircoursesandprofessors.Afterwards,Hubertcategorizesthestudentscommentsfortheprofessorstoreview.ThebetaversionofHubertisfreeforeducatorstouse.ThegoalofthenewHubertprogramistoimproveeducationbygivingteachersdetailed,organizedfeedbackfromstudents.ViktorNordmarkstartedthecompanyin2015withseveralfriends.BeforecreatingHubert,thefoundersaskedteacherswhatwouldimprovetheirteachingskills.Theanswerwasqualitativefeedbackfromtheirstudents.Qualitativefeedbackisdifferentfromthesurveyresponsesthatstudentsareoftenaskedtoprovideattheendofaclass. “Thiskindofdatatakesalotoftimeforprofessorstocollectandanalyseandforthestudents,itcanalsobereallyboringtofillout,” Nordmarksaid.SoheandhisfriendsdesignedHubertasacompromisebetweenatraditionalsurveyandapersonalinterview.Hubertlearneddifferenttypesofcommentsandhowtorespondtothem.ThenHubertlearnedhowtoorganizethecommentsitreceivedintocategories.Now,whenHubertreceivescommentsfromstudents,itcomparesthemwiththeinformationalreadyinitssystemtoorganizethedata.WhatmakesHubertspecialisitssimilaritytocommunicatingwithahuman.Munro,anassociateprofessor,believedtraditionalmethodsofevaluatingprofessorswerenotveryhelpful. “Theyhappenedonlyattheendofthecourseandthequestionswereformedaroundafour-partrankingsystembasedontraditionallectureclasses.Thesekindsofsurveysdidnotgivehimtherightinformationtomakeeffectivechangesinhisclassroom,” Munrosaid.Incontrast,professorscanoffertheHubertevaluationanytimetheywant. “Everyone,bothstudentsandprofessors,isalreadycomfortablewithchats,” Munrosaid.1.Whatdoestheunderlinedpart “Thiskindofdata” inParagraph2referto?A.Teachingskills.B.Qualitativefeedback.C.Surveyresponses.D.Detailedandorganizedfeedback.2.WhydidViktorNordmarkandhisfriendsinventtheHubertprogram?A.Toimprovehighereducationbygivingprofessorsaccuratefeedbackfromstudents.B.Tomaketheprofessorsclassesmoreappealingandinteresting.C.Tomakethestudentsmorerelaxedandcomfortableinclass.D.Tomakeaprofitbysellingtheprogram.3.WhatdoweknowaboutHubertfromthetext?A.Itisverycostlytouse.B.Itsdeveloperswereallfamousuniversityprofessors.C.Itcanbeusedtoevaluatethestudentsaswellastheprofessors.D.Itcandealwiththedataitreceivesonitsown.4.WhatisMunrosattitudetowardsHubertprogram?A.Neutral.B.Appreciative.C.Critical.D.Ambitious.BHereisarecordofthediscussionaboutAI(artificialintelligence)conductedbyseveralscientists:ScientistA:IwouldsaythatwearequitealongwayoffdevelopingtheAI,thoughIdothinkitwillhappenwithinthenextthirtyorfortyyears.Wewillprobablyremainincontroloftechnologyanditwillhelpussolvemanyoftheworldsproblems.However,noonereallyknowswhatwillhappenifmachinesbecomemoreintelligentthanhumans.Theymayhelpus,ignoreusordestroyus.ItendtobelieveAIwillhaveapositiveinfluenceonourfuturelives,butwhetherthatistruewillbepartlyuptous.ScientistB:Ihavetoadmitthatthepotentialconsequencesofcreatingsomethingthatcanmatchorgobeyondhumanintelligencefrightenme.Evennow,scientistsareteachingcomputershowtolearnontheirown.Atsomepointinthenearfuture,theirintelligencemaywelltakeoffanddevelopatanever-increasingspeed.Humanbeingsevolvebiologicallyveryslowlyandwewouldbequicklysubstituted.Intheshortterm,thereisthedangerthatrobotswilltakeovermillionsofhumanjobs,creatingalargeunderclassofunemployedpeople.Thiscouldmeanlarge-scalepovertyandsocialunrest.Inthelongtermmachinesmightdecidetheworldwouldbebetterwithouthumans.ScientistC:ImamemberoftheCampaigntoStopKillerRobots.ForgetthemovieimageofaterrifyingTerminatorstampingonhumanskulls(头骨)andthinkofwhatishappeningrightnow:militarymachineslikedrones,gunturretsandsentryrobotsarealreadybeingusedtokillwithverylittlehumaninput.Thenextstepwillbeautonomous “Murderbots” followingordersbutfinallydecidingwhotokillontheirown.Itseemscleartomethatthiswouldbecompletelyunethicalanddangerousforhumans.Weneedtobeverycautiousindeedaboutwhatweaskmachinestodo.5.WhatisScientistBworriedabout?A.AItechnologywilldestroytheearth.B.Computerscantthinkbythemselves.C.Robotswilltaketheplaceofhumans.D.Humanswillbeunhappywithoutmachines.6.Whatdoestheunderlinedword “this” inthelastparagraphreferto?A.TheCampaigntoStopKillerRobots.B.ThemovieimageofaterrifyingTerminator.C.“Murderbots” cantdecidebythemselves.D.“Murderbots” willbeagainsthumansorders.7.WhichstatementisCORRECTaccordingtotherecord?A.ScientistAthinksAItechnologywillneverdevelop.B.TheemploymentwillbeaffectedbyAItechnologyinthefuture.C.“Murderbots” willfollowtheordersoftheirmanufacturersinthewars.D.AllthethreescientistsagreethatAItechnologywillbenefithumanbeings.8.Whoagree(s)thatAIhasmorenegativeaspectsthanpositiveaspects?A.ScientistA.B.ScientistB.C.ScientistsB&C.D.ScientistsB&A.语法填空阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。AhumanoidrobotnamedSophiahasmadehistorybybecomingthefirstrobotintheworld1.(award)citizenship.SaudiArabia(沙特阿拉伯)onWednesdayofferedcitizenshiptotherobot,designedbyDavidHanson.JournalistAndrewRossmadethe2.(announce)attheendofaninterviewwithSophia.Sophia3.(response),withoutmissingabeat: “IwanttothankverymuchtheKingdomofSaudiArabia.”“Iamvery4.(pride)andhonouredforthisuniquedistinction.Itishistoricaltobethefirstrobotintheworldtoberecognizedwithcitizenship,” therobotsaid.Theparticularsofthecitizenshipwerenotdiscussed,anditsnotclear5.SophiawillhavethesamerightsasahumanSaudiArabiancitizen.6.(discuss)thefutureofAI(artificialintelligence),RossexpressedconcernspreviouslyraisedbyElonMusk7.AIcouldbedangerousifitweretogoevilandturnonhumanity.8.SophiainsisteditwantedtouseAIonlyto “helphumansliveabetterlife”.SophiatriedtoremoveRossfearsofa “badfuture”,insistingthatAIisdesignedaroundhuman9.(value)likewisdom,kindness,andcompassion.Itaccusedhim10.readingtoomuchElonMusk,andsaid, “Dontworry.Ifyourenicetome,Illbenicetoyou.Treatmeasasmartinput-outputsystem.”.短文改错Attention,swimmer!Pleaselistencarefullytothefollowedinformation.AllguestsmustsignoutandleaveaphotoIDatthefrontdesk.Itisrequiredwhichallswimmersshouldshowerwithsoapbeforeenteringthepool.Inadditionto,allswimmersmustwearproperbathingsuits.Ifourexecutives(管理人员)determinedthatyourclothesarenotappropriate,youwillbeforbiddentoenterthepool.Ifyouaresickandhavesignsofillness,dontusethepool.Pleaseremindyourchildrentousethebathroom.Iftheyhave “accidents”,reportthemtothegymstaffimmediate.Childrenunder10yearsoldmustbeaccompaniedbyaadultatalltimes.Remindchildrenthatspittingnotallowed.课时作业(三十二).A【文章大意】 本文是一篇说明文,主要介绍了一款新型的智能教授评价机器人。1.C推理判断题。根据第二段中“Qualitativefeedbackisdifferentfromthesurveyresponsesthatstudentsareoftenaskedtoprovideattheendofaclass.”可知,这些数据是指调查反馈,故选C。2.A细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“ThegoalofthenewHubertprogramistoimproveeducationbygivingteachersdetailed,organizedfeedbackfromstudents.”可知,ViktorNordmark发明Hubert这个程序是为了给教授们提供精准的学生反馈,从而提高教学水平,故选A。3.D推理判断题。根据第三段的整体内容可推知,Hubert可以自己处理收到的数据,进行相应的分析,故选D。4.B观点态度题。根据最后一段中“Everyone,bothstudentsandprofessors,isalreadycomfortablewithchats, Munrosaid.”并结合对最后两段的整体理解可推知,Munro对Hubert是持支持态度的,而对传统的评价制度并不满意,故选B。B【文章大意】 本文是一篇说明文,主要介绍了几位科学家对于人工智能的看法。5.C细节理解题。根据第三段中“Humanbeingsevolvebiologicallyveryslowlyandwewouldbequicklysubstituted.”可知,科学家B担心的是机器人会代替人类,从而导致一系列的问题,故选C。6.D代词指代题。根据最后一段中“Thenextstepwillbeautonomous Murderbots followingordersbutfinallydecidingwhotokillontheirown.”和本句中的“wouldbecompletelyunethicalanddangerousforhumans.”可推知,此处it是指“Murderbots”违背人类指令的行为,故选D。7.B推理判断题。根据第三段中“Intheshortterm,thereisthedangerthatrobotswilltakeovermillionsofhumanjobs,creatingalargeunderclassofunemployedpeople.”可知,人类就业会受到人工智能的影响,如:机器人替代人类,故选B。8.C推理判断题。根据我们对最后两段的整体理解可推知,科学家B和C认为人工智能弊大于利,故选C。.【文章大意】 本文是一篇新闻报道。文章报道了一个仿真机器人Sophia成为第一个被赋予公民权利的机器人。1.tobeawarded考查不定式的被动语态。一个名叫Sophia的机器人创造了历史,成为全球首个被赋予公民权利的机器人。此句是非谓语作定语,句中robot受序数词thefirst修饰且与动词award是被动关系,故用不定式的被动形式tobeawarded作定语。2.announcement考查词性转换。一名记者对Sophia进行了采访,采访快结束时,他宣布了这一消息。maketheannouncement宣布。3.responded考查动词时态。Sophia平静地回答:“我非常感谢沙特阿拉伯王国。”此处与全文时态一致,叙述发生过的事情应用一般过去时,故填ud考查形容词。句意:Sophia说:“获此独一无二的荣誉,我深感自豪与荣幸。”此处由very修饰作系动词am的表语,故填proud。5.if/whether考查连词。此处指Sophia和沙特阿拉伯公民是否有同等的权利还没明确,表示“是否”,故填if/whether。6.Discussing考查非谓语动词。句中主语Ross和动词discuss是主动关系,此处作状语用动词-ing形