《英语语言学》趣味委婉语.ppt

Interesting English Euphemism,10英本2班 彭文涛,趣谈英语委婉语 ( Euphemism),请同学们先来欣赏下面两个短语： 1. 一位先生从桌子旁站起，彬彬有理地向人们说他得去“see a man about a dog” 2.一位青年人在大白天在大街上闲逛，原因是他们”at liberty”; 1.See a man about a dog -go to WC 2.at liberty-out of work,A.肯定 positive 肯地这类委婉语用来夸张，扩大，使其显得比她们 所代表真实事物更体面 ,更重要。 e.g.1.beautician（美容美发师）-hairdresser(理发员) 2.custodian-engineer（城市美容师）-floor-sweeper“清洁的工人,I.英文委婉大致可分为 肯定（positive)和否定(negative)两大类,否定委婉语是起减弱，收缩的做用，尽可能把人们所忌违的词语改头换面,乃至不直接接处它们。 说到语言中的忌违，最大的莫过于病，死，丧 葬，因此，这方面的委婉语也就极多。 e.g. 1.cancer-the big C, or long illness; 2.die-the patient is not doing well. (Doctors or nurses often say them) -pass away ,pass beyond, (close family members fade say them) -be laid to rest, fall asleep -bite the dust ,buy the farm (used by soldiers),B.否定委婉语（negative),在宗教界，表死亡又有： 3.die-be called home ,be called to God. -safe in the arms of Jesus , -be gone to a better land -join the angels, 也有来自中国的语言： 4.die-seeing Marx, seeing confucius e.g .I shall soon be seeing Marx.(出自周恩来总理） 人们也用了许多委婉语来代替graveyard 5. graveyard-cemetery - memorial park -garden of honor -Gods field,要说不能登大雅之堂的词语，“厕所”算一个。 需要上厕所时，人们会说： 1. go to the bank 2.cash a check 3. spend a penny 4. see Johnny 女士们更常说： 5.consult Mrs. Jones 6.I have to power my nose. 因此厕所可称作： power room, 还可为 bath room ,comfort station halfway house, old soldiers home, Miss White,Euphemism is a common phenomenon when people use language, which is not only a social language phenomenon, but it is also a cultural phenomenon. We all need to communicate in our daily life or in diplomacy. However, because of the difference of life habit or custom and the taboo of different culture, we must learn to use Euphemism to avoid embarrassment or unhappiness.,委婉语是人类使用语言过程中的一种普遍现象。它不仅是一种社会语言现象,更是一种文化现象。不管是在日常生活还是在涉外交际