Chapter4增益翻译法.ppt

Chapter 4 增益翻译法,LecturerZhou Wei,一.增益翻译法的定义 二.增益翻译法的分类 1. 语法结构性增益 2. 行文方式性增益 3.语义性增益 4. 修辞性增益 5. 背景信息性增益 6.重复作为增益的手段 三.不同译文欣赏,outline,什么是“增益”(amplification)?所谓“增益”,就是基于对原著准确的理解,在翻译过程中增加必要的措辞。有的学者还认为,“增益” (contextualamplification)是一种“在译文中明示出原语读者视为当然,而译语读者却不知道的意义”的手段。笔者认为,根据不同语 言之结构表层、表现法和思维方式、思维风格的异质性特征,译足作品中著者认为可以不必言明而译者认为非此就不能充分传达文意的部分,这就是翻译过程中的 “增益”(ampli-fication)。,增益翻译法的定义,包括英语动词的时态，曲折变化，形容词的比较急，副词的比较级和被动语态等，在翻译成汉语时，需要增添词语。英语的省略句和被动句也常常需要增添词语。 1. The network operating system is designed to centralize management of administrative procedures , including such transactions as salaries,allowences and leave applications.,1. 语法结构性增益,译文：网络作业的系统是为集中集中管理行政程序而设计的， 这些程序包括薪金的发放，津贴的兑现，假期的申请等业务。,指因为思维方式的差异或篇章在行文过程中的衔接需要，逻辑关系，局内隐含的逻辑关系等增添的句子成分。 The new trade initiative, announced by Bush in a commencement address at the university of South Carolina, will foster goodwill in the Middle East.,2. 行文方式性增益,译文： 布什总统在南卡罗莱纳粥大学毕业典礼上所提出的新的贸易倡议，会拉近中东地区人们对他的亲近感。,因语言之间在语义上的不完全对应或部分对应或搭配习惯差异而作的增益。 To extend direct customer support, we launched the largest retraining and redeployment program in our history.,3.语义性增益,译文： 为了扩大对顾客直接支持的力度，我们启动了历史上规模最大的重新培训计划和重新部署计划。,在保证译文与原文思想内容完全一致的前提下，有时候在译文中需要添加一些其连贯作用的词， 描述词， 预期助词，概括词，重叠词等， 以便使整个句子语气连贯畅通，起到修辞的目的和作用。,4. 修辞性增益,The success of failure of terrestrial digital broadcasting hinges on the prices of television sets and the development of new services.,译文： 地球上数码电视广播的成败取决于各种电视机的销售价格和各种新型服务的开发。,为了实现沟通的目的，译者需要在译文中适当增加词语，对原文中非常清晰但译文中不够清晰的涉及原文的社会文化信息的内容进行解释或介绍，以帮助读者充分理解原文的背景文化信息，减轻读者的阅读负担，避免读者产生误会。,5. 背景信息性增益,OPEC has had to accept what it was told from the start but chose nor to believe: that non-OPEC cooperation would not be forthcoming.,译文：现在，石油输出国组织（欧佩克）不得不接受人们一开始就告诉他的这样一个事实，即非欧佩克产油国是不会合作的。但欧佩克原先不愿相信这个事实。,通过对句子中的某些成分进行重复可称为英语和汉语中的有效表达手段和修辞手段。 目的： 强调语势，排比对称，清晰明确。 回避重复是英语的一大特色。 重复是汉语的一个明显特点。,6.重复作为增益的手段,The government can stop money transfers to and restrict trade with a foreign country when it judges tha economic sanctions are necessary to contribute to international efforts for world peace.,译文： 当判断为世界和平所作出的国际范围的努力而又必要进行经济制裁时， 政府可以停止资金转移到国外，可以限制同国外进行贸易。,Managers face a host of new business realities, such as changing patterns of employment that include an explosion of outsourcing and new alliances.,不同译文欣赏,1.管理人员面对的是商界前所未有的种种现实，诸如就业的模式不断变化 包括外购。重组等现象的猛增。 2.管理人员面对的是商界前所未有的种种现实，诸如企业用工方式的不断变化 包括大幅度增加外部采办和新建联产单位。,As ech currencys value is stated in terms of other currencies , French Francs, then , have a value in US dollars, which have a value in British pounds, which have a value in Japanese yen.,由于每一种货币的价值是用另外的货币表现出来的，那么法国法郎的价值可以用美元来体现，美元可以用英镑来体现，英镑可以用日元来体现。,经过共同努力,亚洲有关国家摆脱了金融危机的阴影,战胜了非典和禽流感疫情的冲击,经济结构调整取得成效,产业升级换代步伐加快,区域合作方兴未艾,抗御风险能力不断增强。P29,exercise,With concerted efforts, Asian countries have freed themselves from the shadow of the financial crisis, overcome the impact of SARS and bird flu, succeeded in domestic economic restructuring, and quickened the tempo of industrial upgrading and transformation, promoted a robust regional cooperation and increased the capacity to tide over potential risks.,Exercise,Marketing is a pervasive social activity that goes considerably beyond the selling of toothpaste, soap, and steel.,营销是一种无处不在的社会活动，它远远超过牙膏、肥皂或者钢铁的销售活动。,Please tranlsate the folloing sentences. 1. In fact, one office-system expert recently said that he had yet to encounter a business work place that was functioning at more than 60 percent efficiency. 2.Nobody with any sense expects to find the whole truth in advertisement any more than he expects a man applying for a job to describe his shortcomings and serious faults. 3.There is probably no better way for a foreigner (or an Englishman) to appreciate the richness and variety of the English language than by studying the various ways in which Shakespeare used it. 4.We are human and human beings are far from perfect. To be human implies that we will make mistakes. But its more than that we feel human. We now feel entitled.,homework,division of labor 劳动分工 commodity money 商品货币 legal tender 法定货币 fiat money 法定通货 a medium of exchange交换媒介 legal sanction法律制裁 face value面值 liquid assets流动资产 illiquidl assets非流动资产 the liquidity scale 流动性指标 real estate 不动产,checking accounts,demand deposit,checkable deposit 活期存款 time deposit 定期存款 negotiable order of withdrawal accoun