Lesson81语法非谓语.ppt

非谓语动词,英语一句话只能有一个主谓结构：简单句 如果出现更多动词： 加连词（and / but / so）： 并列句 or 复合句 去连词： 变为非谓语动词,主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、补语,非谓语怎么来的？,主,谓,宾,定,状,补,2,The famous doctor,give birth to a baby,helped,the pregnant woman,last Friday.,to,过去分词 v-ed,不定式 to + v,动词的v-ing,非谓语动词,to + v v-ing v-ed,区 别,将要发生的,同时发生,被动,一、 作状语,1. 不定式做状语 （表目的，表结果） Other men live to eat while I eat to live. A sad thing in life is when you meet someone who means a lot to you, only to find in the end that it was never meant to be and you just have to let go. to do作状语可句首可句尾， 但在句尾不可用逗号分开, only to除外,2. 分词作状语,解题步骤 ： 看非谓语动词与主语的主被动关系 看非谓语动词与谓语动词的先后性,被动,之前,having been done,主动,之前,having done,被动,being done,主动,同时 (基本同时),doing,(和主语) 主被动,(与谓语比) 时间先后,2. -ing作状语,-ed作状语:done,被动,不强调时间,同时,We sat on the high hillock and listened to the old story. We sat on the high hillock, listening to the old story.,As soon as we heard the news, all Chinese people got excited. Hearing the news, all Chinese people got excited.,he dated with another girl.,He had broken up with his gf. He dated with another girl.,Having broken up with his gf,he dated with another girl.,His gf dumped him. He dated with another girl.,Having been dumped by his gf,1. _ by a greater demand for vegetables, farmers have built more green houses. A. Driven B. Being driven C. To drive D. Having driven,表否定： Not +非谓语动词,2. _ that he was in great danger, Eric walked deeper into the forest. A. Not realized B. Not to realize C. Not realizing D. Not to have realized,先发生的动作： having done （主动） having been done (被动）,_ around the Water Cube, we were then taken to see the Birds Nest for the 2008 Olympic Games. A. Having shown B. To be shown C. Having been shown D. To show,_ twice, the postman refused to deliver our letters unless we chained our dog. A. Being bitten B. Bitten C. Having bitten D. To be bitten,_ in a white uniform, he looks more like a cook than a doctor. A. Dressed B. To dress C. Dressing D. Having dressed,_, you need to give all you have and try your best. A. Being a winner B. To be a winner C. Be a winner D. Having been a winner,3.独立主格结构,非谓语动词，,主语+谓语,名词/代词+,动作的逻辑主语,非谓语动词的逻辑主语与句子主语不一致。 Weather permitting, we are going to visit you tomorrow.,falling here and there, I suddenly notice autumn is drawing upon. completed, well have a global traveling.,Leaves,Task,The children went home from the grammar school, their lessons _ for the day. A. finishing B. finished C. had finished D. went finished, Come on, please give me some ideas about the project. Sorry. With so much work _ my mind, I almost break down. A. filled B. filling C. to fill D. being filled,With two children _ middle school in the nearby town now, the parents are working hard. A. to attend B. attending C. attended D. having attended,二、 定语,1. 不定式作后置定语 He is the best man to do the job. Do you have the ability to write an English poem? Have you got the issues to be discussed at todays meeting?,-ing和-ed形容词,单个-ing/-ed, 前置 -ing+名词：表示用途 a swimming pool=a pool for swimming a reading room=a room for reading,2. V-ing 与 V-ed形式做定语,The girl who is sitting in the corner is adorable. We visited a temple which was built 200 years ago.,后置定语相当于省略的定语从句, The vegetables which are sold in this shop are grown without chemicals.,27,The houses which are being built are for the survivors in the quake., The girl who has passed the exam is my gf.,错(完成式不能作定语),having,3. 解题步骤 看非谓语动词与被修饰名词的语态关系 看非谓语动词的动作发生时间,The last one _ pays the meal. Agreed! A. arrived B. arrives C. to arrive D. arriving,序数词the first, the last, the best之后要用不定式作定语。,We are invited to a party _ in our club next Friday. A. to be held B. held C. being held D. holding,The Town Hall _ in the 1800s was the most distinguished building at that time. A. to be completed B. having being completed C. completed D. being completed,For breakfast he only drinks juice from fresh fruit _ on his own farm. A. grown B. being grown C. to be grown D. to grow,-Can those _at the back of the classroom hear me? No problem. A. seat B. sit C. seated D. sat,I love you. I love walking along the seaside with you. I love to walk along the seaside with you.,三、 作宾语,hope, expect, intend, want, plan, promise, ask, refuse, decide, determine, learn, prepare + to do,admit, finish, appreciate, miss + -ing,1. 只能接不定式作宾语的动词,2. 只能接V-ing形式作宾语的动词,stop/remember/forget/go on/regret,to do 去做. -ing 正在做.,3. 可以接两种非谓语形式但意义有区别的动词,1. I would appreciate your _ (call) back this afternoon. 2. The squirrel was so lucky that it just missed _ (catch).,3. Susan wanted to be independent of her parents. She tried _ alone, but she didnt like it and moved back home. A. living B. to live C. to be living D. having lived,4: If you think that treating a woman well means always _ her permission for things, think again. A. gets B. got C. to get D. getting,5:Can I smoke here? Sorry. We dont allow _ here. A. people smoking B. people smoke C. to smoke D. smoking,四. 作补语,人/物1,动作1,动作2,人/物2,主语,谓语,宾语,补语,发出,发出,作用在,1. 感官动词的宾补形式： 2. 使役动词的宾补形式： 3. 宾语与宾补形式不同的动词： allow, permit, forbid, advise,see watch do hear + sb./sth. + doing feel done notice,被动句还原to,感 官 动 词,I saw two boys fight with each other. Two boys were seen to fight with each other.,宾语补足语,主语补足语,46,do have/make/let + sth./sb. doing done to do get/leave + sth./sb. doing done doing keep sb./sth done,被动句还原to,使 役 动 词,1: After a knock at the door, the child heard his mothers voice _ him. A. calling B. called C. being called D. to call,五、 作主语/表语,Seeing is believing. To err is human; to forgive is divine. It takes only a minute to get a crush on someone, an hour to like someone, and one day to love someone, but it takes a lifetime to forget someone.,It is +adj.+ of sb. to do sth. for of, for区别： 当adj是修饰sb时用of 当adj是修饰sth时用for,It is very kind _ you to help us. It is difficult _ us to learn English well.,of,for,作主语视为单数 To go to bed early and to get up early _ a good habit for us. A are B is C was D were,B,做表语,眼见为实。 Seeing is believing. 对等原则，主语和表语形式一致 To see is to believe.,非谓语动词题目三步走：,谓语动词/句型的要求 主被动关系 时间先后顺序,判定题目是否考察非谓语,作定语完成式禁用 作状语to do在句末不能用逗号隔开 only to表出乎意料结果除外,六、 综合练习：,1. Ideally _ for Broadway theatres and Fifth Avenue, the New York Park hotel is a favorite with many guests. A. locating B. being located C. having been located D. located,2. _ to reach them on the phone, we sent an email instead. A. Fail B. Failed C. To fail D. Having failed,3. He was busy writing a story, only _ once in a while to smoke cigarette. A. to stop B. stopping C. to have stopped D. having stopped,4. Leonardo da Vinci_ birds kept in cages in order to have the pleasure of setting them free. A. is said to be buying B. is said to have bought C. had said to buy D. has said to have bought,5. Now that weve discussed our problem, are people happy with decisions _? A. taking B. take C. taken D. to take,6. There is a great deal of evidence _ that music activities engage different parts of the brain. A. indicate B. indicating C. to indicate D. to be indicating,7. What worried him most was _ to visit his sick child. A. his being not allowed B. his not being allowed C. his not allowing D. having not been allowed,8. _ the website of the Fire Department in your city, and you will learn a lot about firefighting. A. Having searched B. To search C. Searching D. Search,9. - There is a story here in the paper about a 110-year-old man. - My goodness! I cant imagine _ that old. A. to be B. to have been C. being D. having been,10. Five people won the Chinas Green Figure” award, a title _ to ordinary people for their contributions to environmental protection. A. being given B. given C. to be given D. having been given,11. _ into use in April 2000, the hotline was meant for residents reporting water and heating supply breakdowns. A. Put B. Putting C. Having put D. Being put,12. _ at his failure in the driving test, Huebner wouldnt like to pick up the topic for the moment. A. To be disappointed B. Disappointed C. Disappointing D. Having disappointed,13. The trees _ in the storm have been removed off the road. A. being blown down B. blown down C. blowing down D. to blow down,14. Oil prices have risen by 32% since the start of the year, _a record 57.65 dollars a barrel on April 4, 2006. A. have reached B. reaching C. to reach D. to be reaching,15. _to his research work, the professor cared little about any other things. A. Devoting B. Devoted C. Having devoted D. To devote,16. We finished the run in less than half the time _. A. allowing B. to allow C. allowed D. allows,17. _ twice a year, whether it is a car or a bus or a truck, is the rule that every driver must obey in this city. A. Examining B. Examined C. Having been examined D. Being examined,18. Faced with a bill for $ 10,000, _. A. John has taken an extra job B. the boss has given John an extra job C. an extra job has been taken D. an extra job has been given to John,19. As the light turned green, I stood for a moment, not _, and asked myself what I was going to do. A. moved B. moving C. to move D. being moved,20. Nelson Mandela spent his time _ in prison thinking about how to continu