凤凰国际英语托福独立写作强化提分.ppt

Lesson Two,托福独立写作 强化提分,今日内容,如何提升独立写作分数？ 1）开头段：其他引言段写作方法 2）正文：其他论证结构 3）活用素材 4）语句润色 5）观点创新 6）限时写作与讲解,开头段,传统方法： 背景+观点,常用词汇,事件：issue, problem, question 热门，棘手：hot, heated, urgent, burning, pressing, pervasive, rampant 争论：debate, controversy, argument, dispute 一致，同意：consensus 引起注意：in the limelight, brought into attention, focus, concern 带来问题： impose, cause 出现问题： loom up, crop us 面临问题： confront, encounter, face question 紧急的：acute 困扰：be plagued, embarrassed, upset by 见证：witness, see 惊人的：alarming, startling, surprising 使恶化：worsen, deteriorate 讨厌的：undesirable 广泛的：pervasive, rampant, prevalent 存在：under way,常用句型,With the rapid/amazing development of According to recent survey/poll/study, there have occurred There is a heated/focused debate at present about the issue of All reliable evidence justifies the fact/view that is a rampant issue in todays society. Recently/nowadays/at present, the phenomenon ofhas loomed up wide public concern. The alarm about the issue ofhas caused considerable/general attention. The question ofhas been in the limelight/brought into focus. Nowadays, our society is witnessing more and more,其他方法： 论题+各方观点+观点 是指在文章开头首先给出人们对要讨论的问题的不同看法和观点，然后提出作者对此问题的态度。适用于有争议性的主题。 语料,常用词汇,反对：object, challenge 认为：acknowledge, accept, maintain, hold, conceive 争议：controversy 辩论：contend 容忍，让步：concede 主张：set forth, advocate, endorse 同意：consent 招致反对：provoke criticism 不可避免的：inevitable 可行性：feasibility 歪曲事实：slant, distort 退一步说：conceding 假想：assumption 适度的，适量的：moderate 怀疑的：skeptic,There is much discussion as to the problem of Those who object to argue that But those who advocate on the other hand, argue that There is no agreement among people as to the issue of Some people say thatOthers say that As to me, I am on the first side of the argument. The following examples can prove my standpoint. There is a public debate as to the issue of Nowadays, it is commonly believed/widely held that, but I doubt whether Nowadays, it is generally acknowledged that but I doubt whether When asked about, the vast majority of people say that But other people regardas When faced withquite a few people claim that But other people think,套用句型,When it comes to., most people believe that but other people view it as There is a public controversy nowadays over the issue of Those who object to the idea argue thatBut people who favorargue that There is a heated debate today about the problem of In the face of some people take the position that, to which I cant attach my consent. Although people arrive at he common understanding of, their views are at opposite poles when talk about the issue of .seems to provoke wide criticism in todays society. The value of this form of is now being questioned by There is a growing skepticism toward,例子1,话题：经济应该缓慢发展还是迅速发展 Nowadays, there is much discussion about whether fast economic growth is desirable. Those who criticize economic growth argue that we must slow down. They believe that society is approaching certain limits on growth. These include the fixed supply of natural resources, and the possible negative effects of industry on the natural environment. People who want more economic growth, on the other hand, argue that even at the present growth rate there are still many poor people. Personally, I think the second idea will hold water.,例子2,话题：社会成功标准 There is no agreement among people as to the best measure of a countrys success. Some people focus on rich economy while others may think it is the quality of life that has nothing to do with money. From my point of view, both views go to extremes and we need a further analysis on their views.,开头段,观点+简单事例 例子： People are driven by personal satisfaction or monetary gains. Agree or disagree?,Even though we live in a capitalist society, I still cannot help but believe, despite my own cynicism, that people are more motivated to achieve something for personal satisfaction rather than monetary gains. Look at Chekovs short story, “The Bet.” A man agrees to sacrifice fifteen years of his life in prison in exchange for a million dollars. Obviously his motivation for such an extreme bet is wealth, but by the end of the prison sentence, the man could care less about the money. After years of introspection, of reading Shakespeare, The Bible, and textbooks, the man actually comes to despise the money he once sought; the money he signed away fifteen years of his life for. He does not collect his money from the banker, he runs away to be on his own and continue to live the life of solitude he has learned to love, free of money and possessions. 正文：心理学理论（内因外因）+我姐姐的例子 + 心理学理论（快乐理论）+我邻居的例子,Another example,Some people think that truth is not objective, but rather is determined by each individual. Do you agree or disagree?,Great confidence is often put into what people see or hear. In a court, a judge will listen to witnesses and regard their words as evidence. Is it possible that what we see and hear, or what we regard as the “truth”, is not objective.,正文：其他论证结构,正文：其他论证结构,引言：提出观点,正文一：论据1,结论：总结观点,正文二：论据2,正文三：让步,正文：其他论证结构,引言：提出观点,正文一：论据1,结论：总结观点,正文二：论据2,正文三：举例,句型 Of course, there is no denying that. Admittedly. Take X as a typical example.,活用素材,For example: Galileo Challenge the authority Diligence Persistence Etc,语句润色,复杂句 分词 独立结构 定语从句 等等,亮点词汇资源,1）高频写作词汇 2）高阶写作词汇 3）亮点动词 4）其他,论点创新,1）分类 2）替代,分类法,宽泛、抽象 细化、分类,2.1 方法,增加,2.2 目的,入题点,讨论内容,Some high-School graduates go to travel or work for a period of time before they go to study in universities. Which one do you think is better , and why ?,例题1：,Some high-School graduates go to travel or work for a period of time before they go to study in universities. Which one do you think is better , and why ?,例题1- 思路1,high- school graduates 文科生：liberal arts students 理科生：science students 艺术类：art students,go to work 1. liberal arts students libraries / newspaper / reporter / clerk better grasp of high-level language 2. science students corporation / laboratory business transaction apply a theory to actual practice 3. art students art galleries / museums get a close contact with real artistic value,Some high-School graduates go to travel or work for a period of time before they go to study in universities. Which one do you think is better , and why ?,例题1- 思路2,universities Comprehensive university Language School Engineering school College of arts,Should a city try to preserve its old buildings or destroy them and replace them with modern buildings?,Practice,Should a city try to preserve its old buildings or destroy them and replace them with modern buildings?,Practice,Old buildings 不该拆 1. buildings of historic values 2. gorgeous historic buildings 3. special ethnic architecture 要拆 1. unsafe 2. spoil the cityscape,1. buildings of historic values courtyard house / hutong / The Forbidden City part of Chinese traditional culture reveals the concept of “ the syncretism of nature and human” 2. gorgeous historic buildings Russian street in Dalian enjoy the splendid houses / go shopping / travel 3. buildings with distinctive ethnic flavor Potala Palace a grand palace to accommodate Princess Wencheng represents national unity,People remember special gifts or presents that they have received. Why?,Practice1,gifts / presents 1. birthday 2. high score 3. Valentines Day 4. bribe,替代法,程度词 -est / only / ban / stop,3.1 方法,推翻绝对化逻辑,3.2 目的,1. 出绝对词 2. 翻绝对词 3. 出 词,3.3 步骤,找,推,找,替代,Some people think flight was the greatest invention in the 20th century and it has the biggest impact on our lives. To what extent do you agree or disagree?,例题1,Some people think flight was the greatest invention in the 20th century and it has the biggest impact on our lives. To what extent do you agree or disagree?,例题1,找替代 computers internet automobiles cell phones,Some people think stricter punishment for driving offenders is the only effective way to improve safety on the roads. Do you agree or disagree?,例题 2,Some people think stricter punishment for driving offenders is the only effective way to improve safety on the roads. Do you agree or disagree?,例题 2,Other effective ways 1. pedestrians / cyclist 2. policeman 3. road,be professional and dedicated,wide, clear and smooth,keep the traffic in order/do not jump the stop light,People should read only those books that are about real events, real people, and established facts.,例题 3,People should read only those books that are about real events, real people, and established facts.,例题 3,not for real 1. science fiction enrich knowledge about the universe and science intelligent, knowledgeable 2. romantic fiction/ sentimental novel feel like a warm flows inside a positive vision of the future 3. cartoons/ fairy tales stay young “if you carry your childhood with you, youll never become older. ” 4. horror stories sense stimulation exercise my guts,Playing a game is fun only when you win,Practice,Playing a game is fun only when you win,Practice,1. lose failure contributes to success 1st, learn what does not work 2nd, an opportunity to try a new approach. 2. be on a tie player: no one gets hurt and depressed spectator: chance to enjoy more 3. game itself is fun make friends and ease ourselves from stress,A persons childhood years (the time from birth to 12 years of age) are the most important years of a persons life.,Practice 2,A persons childhoo