定语从句要点及对比练习.ppt

定语从句要点小结,思考:名从和定从的引导词一样吗？,1. 引导定语从句的关系代词没有what, whatever, however对吗？ 2. That 在名词性从句和定语从句中的不同？ 3. 定语从句和同位语从句的不同？ 4. 定从的难点在那里？,定语从句关系词,关系代词： 指人： who, whom, 指人和物： that, whose 指物： which, as 关系副词： when, where, how, why 如果表示地点，时间，原因，方式的先行词做后面从句的宾语或主语时，引导词用that / which.,请指出关系代词/副词在定语从句中的成份： 1.The man who came to our school is Mr. Wang. ( ) 2.The girl (whom) I met is Lucy. ( ) 3.A child whose parents are dead is called Tom. ( ) 4.I like the book (which) you bought yesterday. ( ),主语 宾语 定语 宾语,5. His parents wouldnt let him marry anyone whose family was poor. ( ) 6. I like the person to whom you just talked. ( ) 7. We shall never forget the days (that) we spent together. ( ) 8. We shall never the days when we lived together. ( ),定语 介宾 宾语 状语,1) Do you have anything _ you dont understand? 2) The only thing _ we can do is to give you some advice. 3) Who is the man _ is standing there? 4) Her bag, in _ she put all her money, has been stolen. 5) She heard a terrible noise， _ brought her heart into her mouth.,that,that,that,which,which,考点1：that 与 which,填上合适的关系词并分析原因： 1.The way _he explained the sentence to us was not difficult to understand. 2.The way _he explained to us was quite simple.,that/ which/不填,that/in which/不填,缺状语,缺宾语,考点2：the way用做先行词,3. What surprised me was not what he said but _ he said it. （04湖北） A. the way B. in the way that C. in the way D. the way which,高考题链接：,以下情况，引导词用that，不用which。 1. 先行词为不定代词everything，little，much，all，anything，nothing。(something 除外） e.g. Finally, the thief handed everything that he had stolen. *先行词被 all, any, every, each, few, little, no, some修饰时也用that.,一：that的用法,一：that的用法,2. 先行词前有形容词最高级、序数词 修饰时，用that。 e.g. This is the best book (that) Ive ever read. 3. 先行词被the only，the very，the last 修饰时，用that。 e.g. He is the only person that I want to see now.,一：that的用法,4. 先行词同时指人和指物时，用that。 e.g. We talked about the things and persons that we saw then. 5. 定语从句内容为解释名词的性质、概念时，需用that。 e.g. A plane is a machine that can fly. 6. Who is the man that is talking to Jim?,二：which的用法,Which引导非限定性定语从句，其先 行词可是一个词,也可是整个主句或主 句的某一部分。 e.g. 1. She heard a terrible noise, _ brought her heart into her mouth. 2. The weather turned out to be good, _ was more than we could expect.,三：介词+关系代词,“of + which/whom”可用来限定名词、 代词、分数词、数词等。 e.g. 1. In the dark street, there wasnt a single person she could turn for help. 2. He paid the boy $10 for washing the windows, most hadnt been cleaned for at least a year.,to whom,of which,1.根据从句中动词与先行词的逻辑关系，请体会： e.g. Is that the newspaper for which you often write articles? 2. 根据从句中动词或形容词的习惯搭配，如： e.g. Can you explain to me how to use these idioms about which Im sure.,关系代词前介词的确定,关系代词前介词的确定,3. 根据先行词与介词的搭配习惯，请体会： e.g. 1949 was the year in which the P.R.C. was founded. 4.非限制性定与从句中，要表示先行词的一部分时，可用“数词/代词 + of + 关系代词”的结构，如： e.g. There are 50 students in our class, two-thirds of whom have been to Beijing.,5. Whose从句可转换为“ of +关系代词”型，如： e.g. They live in a house, whose door opens to the south.,They lived in a house, of which the door opens to the south. They lived in a house, the door of which open to the south.,关系代词前介词的确定,介词+关系代词的情况 3,Is this the watch that you are looking for? The old man whom I am looking after is better .,在固定短语中介词不能提前,下面两句中的介词能提前吗?,考点3：介词+关系词,1. Do you know the boy _ _ your mother is talking? 2. He gave me some novels _ _ I am not very familiar. 3. I still remember the day _ _ I first got to Paris. 4.This is the child _ I will take care of.,5. (06浙江)I was given three books on cooking, the first _I really enjoyed. A. of that B. of which C. that D. which,to whom,with which,on which,whom/that,1. Do you like the book _she spent $10? 2. Do you like the book _she paid $10? 3. Do you like the book _ she learned a lot? 4. Do you like the book _ she often talks? 5. He built a telescope _ he could study the skies. 6. There is a tall tree outside, _ stands our teacher. 7. China has a lot of rivers, the second longest _ is the Yellow River. 8. The tower _ people can have a good view is on the hill. 9. The man _ I spoke on the phone last night is very good at writing. 10. He paid the boy $10 for washing ten windows, most _ hadnt been cleaned for at least a year.,on which,for which,from which,about which,through which,under which,of which,from which,to whom,of which,练习: 介词+关系代词的使用,Fill in the blanks with proper prepositions: 1. The sun gives us heat and light, _ which we cant live. 2. The student _ whom we were talking just now is the best student in our class. 3. Ill never forget the day _ which she said good-bye to me. 4. Who can give me the reason _ which he hasnt turned up yet?,for,about,on,without,四:关系副词的运用,在限定性和非限定性从句中，when的先行词是时间名词，where的先行词是地点名词，分别在定语从句中做状语。 e.g.1. After living in Paris for 50 years he returned to the small town _ he grew up as a child. 2. It was an exciting moment for these people this year, _ for the first time their team won the World Cup.,where when,1. Ive come to the point where I cant stand him. 2. The country is in the situation where a war will break out at any time.,我已经到了无法容忍他的地步了。,国家正处在随时有可能爆发战争的局势中。,where引导的定语从句先行词大多数情况下是表示地点的名词，但也有特殊情况。,难点二：一些特殊词之后的where,解析：如果定语从句分别修饰point, situation, part, condition和case等表示抽象意义的词，常用where 引导，意思是“到了某种地步，在某种境况中” 。,1.Gragually we came to the point where we have different opinions. 2.He is now in a difficult situation where he is likely to lose his job. 3.There is system where you can phone and tell us the numbers and youll get the book. 4.They tried to set up a state of their own, where they would be treated equally. 5.I just want to get a job where I can be greatly valued.,wherethat 1.This is the library_I borrowed the book. 2.It is from this library_I borrowed the book.,where,that,综合考查一：定语从句与强调句,3. -Where did you last see Mr. Smith? -It was in the hotel_ I lived. A. that B. which C. where D. when,难点三.综合考查,近年来，高考对定语从句和其它从句如：强调句、名词性从句和状语从句等的综合考查越来越多，这就要求考生有扎实的基础知识和较强的综合分析能力。,友情提示,综合考查二：定语从句与同位语从句,1. We all have heard the news_ our team won. 2. We dont believe the news _ he told us yesterday.,that,that/which,综合考查三：定语从句与表语从句,The place _ the bridge is supposed to be built should be_ the cross-river traffic is the heaviest. （05 江苏） A. which; where B. at which; which C. at which; where D. which; in which,that/which,非限制性定语从句和单句的比较,2.He failed in the exam._ made his parents angry. 3.He failed in the exam, _made his parents angry.,4.He has two sons. Both of _ are teachers. 5.He has two sons, both of _ are teachers.,This,which,whom,them, that,1.I am reading Harry Porter, _is an interesting book.,which,思考?,as与which引导的定语从句 such as（象这样的）和such that（这样以至）的区别,五：as与which引导的定语从句,两者均可引导非限制性定语从句，有时 可以互换，但下列情况多用as。 1. 关系代词引导的定语从句居句首时。 e.g. As we all know, the earth is round. 2. 当与such或the same连用时，一般用as。 e.g. Such books as you tell me are interesting. I have the same plan as you.,3. 当从句和主句语义一致时，用as，反之则用which。 e.g. She has married again, as was expected. She has married again, which was unexpected. .,4. as在从句中作主语时，后面常接行为 动词的被动语态，如be known，be said，be reported等，如从句中行为动词是主动语态，一般要用which作主语。 e.g. She has been late again, as was expected. Tom has made great progress, which made us happy.,5. 由as引导的定语从句 as可作为关系代词和关系副词来引导定语从句。 1. such as “像一样的”， the sameas “像之类” the samethat “像之类”(同物),注意！,在这两个句型中, as是关系代词，其中such，same做定语，修饰主句的名词、代词，这个名词是这个定语从句的先行词，as在从句中担任主、宾、表。 This is the same thing as we are in need of. Such people as you say are short now.,I have never heard such stories _ he tells. 2. His idea was such a good one _ we all agreed to use it.,as,that,The earth is round._ is known to all. The earth is round,_ is known to all. _ is known to all, the earth is round _ is known to all that the earth is round.,It,which / as,As,It,as 具有正如之意，与之搭配的动词一般是固定的，如： as you know/ as you see/as we planned/ as we expected,3. _ is known to all, he is the best student. 4. Jim passed the driving test, _ surprised everybody in the office.,As,which,asthatwhich 1. It is such a big stone _ nobody can lift. 2. It is such a big stone _ nobody can lift it.,as,that,归纳：as引导限制性定语从句先行词前常被such, the same, so, as 修饰，即构成suchas , the same as, soas, 结构，做题时容易忽略。as在定语从句中应充当成分如：主语、宾语或表语。 as 与which引导定语从句都能指代整句内容，但定语从句位于句首时，只能用 as, 意为“正如、恰如”。,模拟训练 ：,1. He is such a lazy man_ nobody wants to work with_. A. as; him B. that; / C. as; / D. whom; him 2. Mrs. Black took the police back to_ place _ she witnessed the robbery. A. the same; as B. the same; where C. the same ; that D. as the same; as,Correct the sentences:,1. Im using the pen which he bought it yesterday. 2. Is that factory which your father once worked in? 3. The man whom I spoke is from Canada. 4. July 1,1999 is the day when well never forget.,_,(去掉),which,_,to,the one,Correct the sentences:,5. I still remember the holidays I stayed with them. 6. Im going to work in the hospital where needs me. 7. Those that havent been to the West Lake will gather at the school gate. 8. I dont like the way which you talked to your friend.,in,when,_,who,_,(that/which),Correct the sentences:,9.This is the last time when Ive given you lessons. 10. Soon they came to a farm house,and in front of which sat a small boy. 11. We heard the news which our tea