被动语态与拟人的效果对比.ppt

被动语态与拟人修辞的效果对比,中国学生的作文，尽管其文无大的用词或语法错误，但读起来总感到欠缺地道的英语味道。往往只注意一一对应语态转换。对于语态的认知纬度或视角存在较大差异，而这是无法从语法结构及其组成部分的意义上来认知的。 那么拟人的修辞手法更是少之又少。,现状：status quo,问题概括：,句型过于单一 缺乏简单的修辞手法,汉语人称倾向相对比较明显，故常见采用主动句式（侯晓蕾）有学者统计过英语被动语态的使用频率高达5199%，而汉语则少很多（侯维瑞）,原因：,第二部分：被动语态：,被动的形式：be+过去分词 目的或用途：强调，句子或篇章的连贯 I expect you to be there on time. You are expected to be there on time。,拟人：,把无生命的事物、动植物乃至抽象概念等当作有知觉、情感和人格的人来描述，这种修辞方法叫作拟人方法（Personification/Prosopopeia）,拟人常见于诗歌和戏剧中 例如：The light has, a thousand eyes, and the day but one, yet the light of the bright world dies with the dying sun. The mind has a thousand eye, and the heart but one: yet the light of the whole life dies ,when love is done.,1、用人格性质形容词修饰非人的名词 2、人格名词同非人格名词连用 3、人格动词作非人格主语的谓语（包括逻辑谓语）,1、用人格性质形容词修饰非人的 名词,the smiling moon微笑着的月亮 the angry ocean愤怒的海洋,2、人格名词同非人格名词连用,the childhood of the world 世界的童年 the anger of the tempest暴风雨的愤怒,3、人格动词作非人格主语的谓语（包括逻辑谓语）,Everything smiled on him.一切皆对他肥效开颜 An idea spoke within him, racing through his mind.一个念头在他内心里述说着，疾驰过他的脑际。,相似之处：,都是通过动词来体现的 主语是物，宾语是人或人的某个部位 A watermelon can be eaten by few people. Everything smiled on him.,examples:,Mary saw a beautiful sight. A beautiful sight was seen by Mary . A beautiful sight meets Marys eyes.,I have no idea about this. The idea wasnt reminded /picked up by me. The idea didnt hit my mind.,I didnt know this word. This word didnt find its way into my vocabulary. This word didnt be found in my mind.,conclusion：,变换句型，增强文章的文学效果。尽量避免“汉语腔”实现准确，流畅的表达。 也不是所有