轮复习-3-形容词副词.ppt

形容词、副词,河南师大附中高三英语组,高三英语第二轮复习系列之,链接高考,一、形容词的常见考点： 表语形容词：只作表语后置定语或补语，不用于名词前。 如：afraid，alone, alive，asleep，awake，able，sure，ill，aware, well； 2. 形容词的位置 3. 形容词的语序： 4. 以-ly 结尾的形容词 5. 形容词的级（原级、比较级和最高级） 6. 倍数表达法 7. a+形容词的比较级+中心词结构 8. 复合形容词的构成（kind-hearted well-known English-speaking等） 9. 重点形容词( worth convenient available等) 10. 形容词作状语,一、复合形容词的构成,1.(2010上海秋季,26)It took us quite a long time to get to the amusement park. It was _ journey. A. three hour B. a three-hours C. a three-hour D. three hours,【答案】C 【解析】此题考查复合形容词数词+连字符+名词的用法,连字符连接的词作名词定语且用单数。意为“三小时的路程”,一、复合形容词的构成,1.副词词干+分词 hard-working勤劳的 bravely-fighting勇敢战斗的 well-known 2.名词词干+过去分词 man-made snow-covered 3.名词+现在分词 time-consuming耗时的 energy-saving grass-eating peace-loving 爱好和平的 4.名词+形容词 world-famous snow-white life-long,5.数词+名词 five-star ten-year two-man两人的 6.数词+名词-ed three-legged four-storeyed ten-speed十速的 7.数词+名词+形容词 five-year-old 500-meter-long,8.形容词+过去分词 ready-made clean-washed 9.形容词+名词-ed kind-hearted cold-blooded warm-blooded middle-aged short-sighted absent-minded 10.形容词+现在分词 ordinary-looking funny-looking 11.形容词+形容词 red-hot炽热的 dark-blue 深蓝的,二、形容词作定语的位置 高考链接,(2000全国)_to take this adventure course will certainly learn a lot of useful skills. A. Brave enough students B. Students brave enough C. Enough brave students D. Students enough brave,解析：enough应放在所修饰的形容词brave之后，排除选项C和D；brave enough与后面的不定式构成形容词短语作定语，要放在所修饰的名词 students之后，排除A。答案是B。,二、形容词作定语的位置,1.一般情况下，形容词做定语放在所修饰词前。但在下列情况下，形容词要放在被修饰词的后面。 （1）形容词做定语修饰somebody, anybody, everything ,anything等不定代词时，需后置。 There is nobody absent today. Is there anything wrong with your car?,(2)以-able或-ble结尾的形容词可置于前有最高级形容词或only 等词修饰的名词后面 That is the best book available. That is the only solution possible. (3)成对的形容词可以后置。 There was a huge room, simple and beautiful. (4) “形容词+介词/不定式”构成的短语做定语时，需后置。 The teacher asked me a question too difficult to answer. A man so difficult to please must be hard to work with.,三、 多个形容词作定语的顺序,(2004辽宁) John Smith, a successful businessman, has a _car. C. large German white B. large white German C. white large German D. German large white,【答案】B 【解析】此题考查多个形容词作定语时顺序问题。其基：本顺序为：限定词-数词-描绘词-(大小，长短，形状，新旧，颜色) -出处-材料性质，类别-名词,高考链接,解题口诀：,美小圆旧黄，法国木书房。,四、“随遇而安”的形容词 有些形容词既可以做前置定语也可做后置定语，但意义不同，需要区别对待。,present（现在的/在场的） responsible（可依赖的/应负责的） concerned（忧心忡忡的/有关的） proper（适当的/正经的，正式的） involved（复杂难懂的/相关的） absent（心不在焉的/缺席的） the responsible man 可依赖的人 the man responsible 应负责的人,the present members现在的成员 the members present 在场的成员,the absent students 心不在焉的学生 the students absent 缺席的学生 the concerned teachers 忧心忡忡的老师们 the teachers concerned (与事情)有关的老师们,五、 表语形容词,(2002北京)All the people _at the party were his supporters. A. present B. thankful C. interested D. important,【答案】A 【解析】此题考查形容词作后置定语。四选项中只有A项作“出席，在场”讲时是表语形容语，须在句中做后置定语。其它选项作为单个形容词作定语应放在所修饰名词前面,高考链接,五、表语形容词 知识链接：,常见表语形容词 afraid, alone, awake, asleep, alive, alike, ashamed, available sure , sorry ，unable，worth 基本用法： 在句中表语、补语与后置定语 （一般不做前置定语）,六、形容词作状语 高考链接,(08北京卷 26) After the long journey, the three of them went back home, _. A. hungry and tiredly B. hungry and tired C. hungrily and tiredly D. hungrily and tired,【答案】B 【解析】此题考查形容词在句中作状语，表伴随而不是方式。,形容词做状语表示伴随或结果，并不表示 动作的方式。 He lay in bed, wide awake. He returned home, safe and sound. The goat rolled over, dead. He is standing there, full of fear.,“挑剔”的形容词 下列形容词做表语，通常不用“人”做主语。,It is probable that it will rain today. It is probable to rain today. It is likely to rain today. It is not convenient to work at weekends. Please come here if you are convenient. You can go there if it is necessary. You can go there if you are necessary. ,possible, impossible, probable, necessary, convenient, inconvenient,二、副词的常见考点: 1. 副词的种类 1) 时间副词：now，then，today，later，recently等; 2) 地点副词：here，there，everywhere，away，off等; 3) 方式副词：well，hard, happily, nervously, carefully等; 4) 程度副词：almost，much，(a)little，nearly，rather，too等; 5) 频度副词：always，often，usually，sometimes, hardly，seldom，never等; 6) 疑问副词：when，where，why，how等，引导特殊疑问句; 7) 连接副词：where，when，why，how，引导主语从句、宾语从句或表语从句; 8) 关系副词：when，where，why，引导定语从句; 9) 其他副词：seriously，instead，besides等。,七、副词作状语的位置 高考链接,_I went to the railway station to see my friend off. (1991全国) A. After eating quickly my dinner B. After my quickly eating dinner C. After eating my dinner quickly D. After eating my quickly dinner,解析：quickly是表方式的副词，通常位于“动词(+宾语)”之后，故选C。,七、副词作状语的位置,1、频度副词always, usually, often, never等一 般放在行为动词前，或者情态动词、助动词 或be动词之后。 2、表示方式的副词常放在“动词(+宾语)”之后； 3、同时有表示时间、地点和方式的副词时，其 顺序一般为：方式地点时间。,八、副词做评注性状语 高考链接,(上海卷)_, some famous scientists have the qualities of being both careful and careless. A. Strangely enough B. Enough strangely C. Strange enough D. Enough strange,【答案】A 【解析】此题考查副词在句中作评注性状语，修饰整个句子。enough 修饰形容词、副词要放在所修饰词之后,八、副词在句中作评注性状语 知识链接： 副词置于句首可修饰全句，做评注性状语。如：,Fortunately, he was not drowned and was saved by the PLA. Happily for her, her stepmother was kind to her. Luckily, he was not hurt in the accident. Obviously, your answer is absolutely wrong. Naturally, you will want to discuss this problem with your parents.,九、enough的用法 高考链接,(1998全国) If I had _,Id visit European, stopping at the small interesting places. A. a long enough holiday B. an enough long holiday C. a holiday enough long D. a long holiday enough,解析：形容词long要放所修饰的名词holiday前；副词enough要放在所修饰的long之后，故选A。,九、enough的用法,知识链接：enough做副词用来修饰形容词、副词时要放在所修饰词的后面。如： 1、Students brave enough to take this adventure course will certainly learn a lot of useful skills. 2、 Although she did not know Boston well, she made her way easily enough to the Home Circle Building. (2006湖南),十、“表里不一”的否定句 高考链接,(05江西34)Must I turn off the gas after cooking? Of course. You can never be careful with that. . A. enough B. too C. so D. very,【答案】B 【解析】cant 与too或enough搭配表示肯定意思，意为越越好,-Mary, look, what did I find? -Oh, my lost key? I cant thank you too much.（太感谢你了） -I was riding along the street and all of A sudden, a car cut in and knocked me down. -You can never be too careful in the street.,十一、形容词、副词固定搭配,Hes dead/blind drunk.(=very drunk) Hes wide awake. Its raining/snowing heavily. Hes sound/fast asleep. Hes moving/breathing/drinking/ smoking heavily. The traffic/his moustache is heavy.,十二、特殊的副词 有些连词还可以做副词，但做副词时，常放在句末。,如：though, (ever) since, in case 等。 He is old. He works hard, though. He came to this school in 1988.He has been working here ever since. =He has been working here since he came here in 1988. I dont think it will rain, but I will take my umbrella, just in case. =I will take my umbrella just in case it should rain.,(32)It is generally believed that teaching is _it is a science. (2001全国) A. an art much as B. much an art as C. as an art much as D. as much an art as,解析：由固定搭配“as+形容词+(a/an+)名词+as”可排除选项A，B和C。答案是D。,(1994全国) John plays football_, if not better than, David. A. as well B. as well as C. so well D. so well as,解析：句意是：“John踢足球不比David更好，也会和他一样好。”从结构上看，去掉插入语if not better than，就更清楚地知道用as well as，肯定句中不用soas。答案是B。,1.表示双方在程度、性质、特征等某方面相等时, 用As + adj/adv原级+ as 2.表示双方不相等时, 用not so/as+adj/adv原级+ as结构 3.表示一方是另一方的若干倍时, 用倍数词+as+adj/adv原级+as结构 另外还注意以下结构 (1) as+形容词+a/an+单数名词+ as (2) as much +不可数名词+as (3) as many +复数名词+as,十四、asas的非典型比较 高考链接,(2005安徽) John is the tallest boy in the class, _ according to himself. A. five foot eight as tall as B. as tall as five foot eight C. as five foot eight tall as D. as tall five foot eight,解析：as tall as five foot eight = as tall as five feet eight inches高达五英尺八英寸。答案是B。,十四、Asas的非典型性比较 as+形容词+as+数量词=数量词+形容词,1.The building is as tall as 100 meters. =The building is 100 meters tall. 2.The well is as deep as 130 meters. =The well is 130 meters deep. 3.A typhoon swept across tiffs area with heavy rains and winds as strong as 113 miles per hour. (2006上海),十五、形容词与副词比较级 高考链接,Of the two shirts, Id like to choose _ one. (94 上海) A. the less expensive B. the most expensive C. less expensive D. most expensive,【答案】 A 【解析】表示两者之中较便宜的，属于比较级概念。此处比较级作定语，表特指，应加定冠词。,高考链接,This shirt is too loose for me. Could you bring me _(95 上海) A. a small one B. the smaller one C. a smaller one D .the small one.,【答案】 C 【解析】比此件衣服大，属于比较级概念。此处表泛指，应加不定冠词。,十五、形容词、副词比较级,比较级常见句型 表示A比B更用adj/adv比较级+ than结构 表示A不如B用less+adj/adv原级+than结构 表示越,越用the+比较级，the+比较级 表示表示两者“都不”时,用no+比较级+than. 表示两者中 “较/更的那一个”时, the+比较级+of the two结构 表示事物本身变得越 来越,用较级+and+比较级,错误总结,1.比较双方必须对等,Correct the mistakes: Marys hair is longer than my sister. The weather in Beijing is colder than in Shanghai. China is larger than any country in the world. Which is larger city, Tangshan or Shijiazhuang?,my sisters,that in Shanghai.,any other country in the world.,2.避免将主语含在比较对象中,3.要注意冠词的使用，冠词是冠名词的。,Which is the larger city, Tangshan or Shijiazhuang?,Which is larger, Tangshan or Shijiazhuang?,十六、形容词、副词比较级需要注意的问题,一、比较的对象不能相互包容，常见句型是： 1）比较级+than + any other+单数名词 2）比较级+than+all (the) other+复数名词 3）比较级+than +anyone else 4）比较级+than +any of the other+复数名词 5）比较级+than +the rest of+pln./Un.,十六、形容词副词比较级应注意的问题,二、比较的对象应该相同,1.The climate here is warmer than that of Shanghai. 2.The radios made in our factory are better than those (made) in your factory. 3.The population of China is larger than that of any other country in the world. 4.China has a larger population than any other country in the world.,十六、形容词副词比较级应注意的问题,9.注意比较结构中的省略现象,在日常交际中，彼此都明白的比较对象往往省略。 -What do you think of the film? -I have never seen a better one. (than this film.) Toms composition, if not better (than Jacks), is at least as good as Jacks. 这种省略现象给考生正确判断造成一定的障碍，在高考中出现的频率较高，应引起足够的重视。,三、最高级,1.最高级常见的修饰语有：序数词， by far, nearly, almost, by no means, not really, not quite, nothing like（丝毫不像；绝对不）. The bridge being built now is by far the longest across the Yellow River. Id like to buy the second most expensive camera. 2.否定+比较级=最高级 There is no greater love than that of a man who lays down his life for his friends.,He has never spent a more worrying day.他过了最担心的一天。,-Shall I give you a ride as you live so far away? -Thank you. It couldnt be better. -你住的离这儿那么远，你搭我的车吧。 -谢谢，那再好不过了。,高考常考易混点,一、表示倍数的几个句型 1times as +形容词/副词原级+as 2times+ the+性质名词+ of 3times +形容词比较级+than 4.the+名词+be +times + what从句 5.the+名词+be+times +that/those of,This table is 3 times as big as that one.,=This table is 3 times the size of that one. =This table is twice bigger than that one. 这张桌子是那张桌子的三倍大。 The output of this year is 3 times that Of 2005. He did it one-third the time it took me. 做那件事他只花了我用的三分之一的时间。,易混形容词、副词的比较 高考链接,9.（2009天津，12）It was a nice house, but _ too small for a family of five. A.rarely B.fairly C.rather D.pretty,【解析】【答案】C 考查副词辨析。 rarely很少；fairly相当；rather相当；pretty很；相当。rather可以与比较级、too及动词连用，而fairly与pretty则不能。,1.通常情况下very,too,so,quite,fairly等副词不能修饰比较级。修饰形容able,impossible,right,wrong, mistaken等一般不用very,通常用quite.,E,g. Im quite able to pay for the dress. Youre quite mistaken. 2.fairly与 rather 1)不定冠词 a可放在rather 前或后，但只能放在fairly前。a fairly good story a rather cold day/rather a cold day 2)rather 通常含有“不适当”之意，而fairly 通常含有“适当”之意。 Its fairly warm in spring. Its rather cold today.,3)rather可以和-ed形式、比较级或too连用，而fairly不能。,My brother is rather better today. This book is rather too difficult for the juniors but rather too easy for the seniors. 3.very/much 1)very修饰形容词或副词的原级，much修饰形容词或副词的比较级。修饰动词时要用much或very much。,I like the book very much. 2)very 修饰用作形容词的现在分词。,very interesting very exciting very amusing very inspiring 3)very修饰某些已被习惯上已被用作形容词 的过去分词。如：frightened, satisfied, disappointed,excited,interested,upset, delighted,pleased,surprised,troubled, worried等,She is very tired. My English is very limited.,4)much 修饰动词意义较强的过去分词时，例如： The bike was much damaged by a collision. 自行车在相撞中严重地损坏了。 5)修饰只能用作表语的形容词时，例如： She is much afraid that plan wont work. 她深怕那方案行不通。,6)修饰动词时，例如： I should much like to have your opinion. 我很想得到你的意见。 7)修饰介词短语时，例如： They were much of a sort. 他们差不多是同类的。 He is much at his ease. 他感到很自在。,8.already,yet,still,already表示某事已经发生;yet表示期待某事发生；still表示某事还在进行，主要用于肯定句。 He has already finished his homework. He hasnt finished his homework yet. He is still doing his homework now.,10.具有两种形式的副词,英语中有的副词兼有两种形式：一种是与形容词同形；另一种是在该形容词后面加副词词缀-ly构成。这两种形式的副词在词义上和用法上有一定的差异，有的甚至完全不同。 firm稳固地 firmly坚固地 direct径直地 directly恰好，直接，坦率地 free自由地、免费地 freely自由自在地 flat平淡地 flatly直截了当地,short突然（=suddenly）, shortly不久,even甚至 evenly平均地 clean完全地、径直地 cleanly清洁地 clear隔开、不接触 clearly清晰地，明显地 close近 closely紧密地、接近地 easy安适地 easily容易地 dead突然地，完全地 deadly死一般地、非常 fair公平地，正直地 fairly相当地 hard努力地 hardly几乎没有、几乎不 most最 mostly重要地 right直接地，径直地、立即 rightly公正地、合理地、正确地,high高高地 highly高度地,just正好 justly公正地 late迟、晚 lately最近 near近 nearly几乎 pretty相当地 prettily优美地 sharp突然地、急剧地 sharply严厉地 I clean forgot to ask her. Jack caught the ball cleanly. He lives close by the village. We must look closely at the problems. After a days hard work, he was dead tired. The book is deadly dull.,The birds are flying high.,He is a highly skilled worker. He has been working late. I havent seen him lately. The film director is pretty known.非常 We are prettily dressed.穿得很漂亮 The road turns sharp/sharply to the right.突然 He turns around sharp/sharply.突然,7.nearly,almost,hardly,(1)almost可以与any,no,nobody,never, nothing搭配，但nearly却不能跟这些 词搭配。在表达中也经常用hardly any, hardly nobody来代替almost no, almost nobody. Almost no one came to the party. Hardly anybody came to the party. You can find the meaning of almost any word here.,(2)否定词not可放在nearly之前，构成not nearly的结构，意为“一点儿,也不，相差甚远”，但没有not almost的结构。 She is not nearly as pretty as her sister.（她一点儿也没有她妹妹漂亮。） （3）almost 和nearly都可用于表示极端之意的形容词前，但却不能用于修饰不具有极端之意的形容词。 That is an almost/a nearly perfect plan. 那几乎是完美之计。,高考题练习,1.(08全国卷I 28) Youre driving too fast. Can you drive _? A. more slowly a bit B. slowly a bit more C. a bit more slowly D. slowly more bit,C,2.(08北京卷 26) After the long journey, the three of them went back home, _. A. hungry and tiredly B. hungry and tired C. hungrily and tiredly D. hungrily and tired,B,3.(08上海春卷 28) Those who have _ money than sense may sometimes act foolishly A. much B. more C. most D. many,B,4.(08上海春卷42) Food safety is _ important, so the government spares no efforts to prevent food pollution. A. highly B. reasonably C. strongly D. naturally,A,5.(08上海春卷44) Some people maintain that watching violence on TV is one of the major causes of _behaviour and crime in society A. childish B. artificial C. aggressive D. heroic,C,6.(08上海卷27) In my view, Londons not as expensive in price as Tokyo but Tokyo _ in traffic. A. the most organized B. more organized C. so organized as D. as organized as,B,9.(08天津卷 02)My brother is really _. He often works in his office far into the night. A. open-minded B. hard-working C. self-confident D. warm-hearted,B,10.(08辽宁卷 30)It looks like the weather is changing for _. Shall we stick to our plan? A. the worse B. worse C. the worst D. worst,A,11.(08山东卷 33)Would it be _ for you to pick me up at four oclock and take me to the airport? A. free B. vacant C. handy D. convenient,D,12.(08江苏卷 30) It is _ to spend money on preventing illnesses by promoting healthy living rather than spending it trying to make people _ after they are ill. A. good; good B. well; better C. better; better D. better; good,C,14.(08江西卷33)Jack is late again. It is _ of him to keep others waiting. A. normal B. ordinary C. common D. typical,D,15.(08安徽卷27) - Hi, Mark. How was the musical evening? - Excellent! Ales and Andy performed _ and they won the firs prize. A. skillfully B. commonly C. willingly D. nervously,A,17.(08浙江卷03) I like this jacket better than that one, but it costs almost three times_. A. as much B. as many C. so much D. so many,A,19.(08浙江卷12)There are plenty of jobs _ in the western part of the country. A. present B. available C. precious D. convenient,B,20.(08浙江卷18)Running a company is not _ a matter of hiring people they also need to be trained. A. simply B. partly C. seriously D. equally,A,(08湖南卷25)Last night Mr. Crook didnt come back at the usual time. _, he met some friends and Stayed out until midnight. A. Meanwhile B. However C. Instead D. Yet,C,(08湖北卷28)In those days, our _ concern was to provide people who were stopped by the snow storm with food and health care. A. normal B. constant C. permanent D. primary,D,(08湖北卷29)As he works in a remote area, he visits his parents only _. A. occasionally B. anxiously C. practically D. urgently,A,(08陕西卷12) He doesnt have _ furniture in his room -just an old desk. A. any B. many C. some D. much,D,(08陕西卷16) Ten years ago the population of ou