2018版高考英语复习模块考点复习Unit21HumanBiology课时规范训练北师大版.docx

Unit 21 Human BiologyPart 1阅读完形组合准度练(建议用时40).阅读理解(共8小题；每小题2分，满分16分)A(2016江西九校联考)Sleeping in a room with too much light has been linked to an increased risk of piling on the pounds，a study shows.A team at the Institute of Cancer Research in London found women had larger waistlines if their bedroom was “light enough to see across” at night.However， they caution there is not enough evidence to advise people to buy thicker curtains or turn off lights.The women were asked to rate the amount of light in their bedrooms at night as：Light enough to read.Light enough to see across the room，but not read.Light enough to see your hand in front of you，but not across the room.Too dark to see your hand or you wear a mask.Prof.Anthony Swerdlow told the BBC：“In this very large group of people there is an association between reported light exposure at night and overweight and obesity.But there is not sufficient evidence to know if making your room darker would make any difference to your weight.There might be other explanations for the association，but the findings are intriguing enough to guarantee further scientific investigation.”The light is disrupting the body clock，which stems from our evolutionary past when we were active when it was light in the day and resting when it was dark at night.Light alters mood，physical strength and even the way we process food in a 24hour cycle.Artificial light is known to disrupt the body clock by delaying the production of the sleep hormone melatonin.Prof.DerkJan Dijk said there would be no harm in trying to make bedrooms darker.He told the BBC：“People in general are not aware of the light present in their bedroom.I think people should assess their bedroom and see how easy it would be to make it darker.” Street lights，some alarm clocks and standby lights on electrical equipment such as televisions could light a room，he said.“Overall this study points to the importance of darkness，” he concluded.1The passage mainly tells us Abright bedrooms link to obesityBdark bedrooms link to obesityCpeople should turn off lightsDpeople should buy thicker curtains2What does the underlined word “disrupt” (Paragraph 4) mean?AStop.BDisturb.CImprove. DRecover.3What might Paragraph 4 be used for?AOne possible explanation on disrupting body clock.BOne possible explanation on disrupting mood.COne possible explanation on disrupting physical strength.DOne possible explanation on artificial light.4Whats Prof.DerkJan Dijks attitude towards the dark room?AUnclear. BDoubtful.CNegative. DFavorable.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了卧室里的亮度对人们健康的影响：过于强烈的光线会影响人体的生物钟，影响人的情绪，还有可能使人肥胖。1解析：选A。主旨大意题。第一段第一句点明了文章的主题，即有研究表明，在光线太强的房间里睡觉可能会导致体重增加。故选A项。2解析：选B。词义猜测题。根据第四段第一句中的“The light is disrupting the body clock”和第二句可知，本段主要讲述的是光线会干扰生物钟，会改变情绪、体力、甚至人体处理食物的方式，由此可推知画线单词意为“干扰”，与B项disturb意义接近。故选B项。3解析：选A。篇章结构题。根据第四段第一句中的“The light is disrupting the body clock .”及最后一句中的“Artificial light is known to disrupt the body clock”可知，本段主要解释了光线会干扰人体生物钟的可能原因。故选A项。4解析：选D。观点态度题。根据最后一段第一句中“there would be no harm in trying to make bedrooms darker”及最后一句可以看出，DerkJan Dijk教授赞成将卧室的亮度调暗。故选D项。BWhat you see is what you eat，according to the latest study to confirm that TV viewing encourages children to eat more junk food.Leah Lipsky and Ronal Iannotti，scientists at the EKSN Institute of Child Health and Human Development，report that for every hour of television children watch，they are 8% less likely to eat fruit every day，18% more likely to eat candy，and 16% more likely to eat fast food.Those results prove the previous studies that have linked TV viewing with unhealthy eating habits among children.The reasons for the association arent surprising: youngsters watching TV are exposed to more advertising for unhealthy foods，such as for fast food or sodas，than commercials for fresh fruits and vegetables.Kids who watch a lot of TV are also less likely to be active，and studies show theyre more likely to prefer eating foods high in sugar，salt and fat even when they arent watching TV.But Lipsky and Iannotti also found that some kids who snacked in front of the TV increased the amount of fruit they ate.It all depended on what was available and within reach.Lipsky says，“It suggests that if you have other options available，and dont have the unhealthy options available，then children might be encouraged to possibly eat more fruit.”TV watching can establish a deeper pattern of poor eating habits that can set children up not only for future obesity，but also for many of the chronic diseases associated with overweight.When children spend more time in front of the screen，they are also less likely to be exercising or engaging in physical activity that can burn off calories and keep the heart healthy.Lipsky recommend that parents first limit the amount of time children spend in front of a TV or a computer.If eating in front of the TV is mindless，then at least snacking on healthy foods such as fruits and nuts can help offset (抵消) some of the bad behaviors TV promotes.5The latest study further proves that ATV viewing encourages children to eat more foodBfewer children choose to eat fruit during TV viewingCchildren watching TV are likely to eat unhealthilyDchildren nowadays spend an increasing number of hours on TV6According to the second paragraph，children tend to eat more junk food due to Aadvertisements for junk food on TVBthe lack of fresh fruits and vegetablesCtendency to be hungrier when stillDthe preference for its delicious taste7What does the fourth paragraph in the passage mainly talk about?AThe poor eating habits.BUnhealthy options available.CThe disadvantages of TV viewing.DThe diseases linked to TV viewing.8Which of the following cannot be inferred from the passage?AHealthy snacks available while watching TV are recommended.BChildren absorbed in TV seldom take part in exercise.CFood selection has some relation with watching TV.DWatching TV will definitely contribute to obesity.【语篇解读】最新的研究进一步证实：看电视会引发孩子们不健康的饮食习惯，但如果父母提供一些健康的食物的话，可以弥补一下电视所带来的弊端。5解析：选C。细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句可知，最新的研究结果进一步证明了看电视与不健康饮食之间的联系。故C项正确。6解析：选A。细节理解题。根据第二段第一句可知，孩子们在电视上经常看到不健康食物的广告，故而会越来越倾向于这些垃圾食品。7解析：选C。主旨大意题。结合第四段的内容可知，电视看得越多，孩子的饮食习惯越不健康。渐渐地就埋下了肥胖的种子，随之而来的还会有肥胖造成的一些慢性疾病。由此可见，该段主要讲述了看电视的坏处。故C项正确。8解析：选D。推理判断题。结合上下文内容可知，孩子在看电视的时候，如果可以伸手拿到健康的食物，就会抵消电视节目所造成的不良影响。因此，对于那些沉迷于电视而不爱运动的孩子来说，也就会降低肥胖的概率。.完形填空(共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分)If you want to learn a new language, the very first thing to think about is why. Do you need it for a 1 reason, such as your job or your studies？ 2 perhaps youre interested in the 3 ， films or music of a different country and you know how much it will help to have a good 4 of the language.Most people learn best using a variety of 5 ，but traditional classes are an ideal start for many people. They 6 an environment where you can practice under the 7 of someone whos good at the language. We all lead 8 lives and learning a language takes 9 . You will have more success if you study regularly, so try to develop a 10 . It doesnt matter if you havent got long. Becoming fluent in a language will take years, but learning to get by takes 11 .Many people start learning a language and soon give up.“Im too 12 ，” they say. Yes, children do learn languages more 13 than adults, but research has shown that you can learn a language at any 14 And learning is good for the health of your brain, too.Ive also heard people 15 about the mistakes they make when 16 . Well, relax and laugh about your mistakes 17 youre much less likely to make them again.Learning a new language is never 18 . But with some work and devotion, youll make progress. And youll be 19 by the positive reaction of some people when you say just a few words in 20 own language.Good luck!1A.technicalBpoliticalCpractical Dphysical2. AAfter BSoCThough DOr3A.literature BtransportCagriculture Dmedicine4A.view BknowledgeCform Ddatabase5A.paintings BregulationsCmethods Dcomputers6A.protect BchangeCrespect Dprovide7A.control BcommandCguidance Dpressure8A.busy BhappyCsimple Dnormal9A.courage BtimeCenergy Dplace10A.theory BbusinessCroutine Dproject11A.some risks Ba lot lessCsome notes Da lot more12A.old BnervousCweak Dtired13A.closely BquicklyCprivately Dquietly14A.age BspeedCdistance Dschool15A.worry BhesitateCthink Dquarrel16A.singing BworkingCbargaining Dlearning17A.if BandCbut Dbefore18A.tiresome BhardCinteresting Deasy19A.blamed BamazedCinterrupted Dinformed20A.their BhisCour Dyour【语篇解读】语言学习非常重要，要注意方法和技巧。1解析：选C。根据下文such as your job or your studies可知是实用的(practical)理由。2解析：选D。此句与前句同为第一句所提到的关于学习一种新语言的原因，两者之间为选择关系。3解析：选A。 这四个选项中，与语言学习关系密切并且和films和music并列的，是literature文学。4解析：选B。have a good knowledge of something的意思是“精通；掌握”。5解析：选C。句意：大部分人通过各种各样的方法学得很好，但是传统课堂对许多人来说是一个理想的开始。6解析：选D。传统的课堂提供(provide)一个环境，在其中你可以在某个擅长这种语言的人的指导下练习。7解析：选C。课堂上自然是在老师的指导下学习。under the guidance of sb.在某人的指导下。8解析：选A。我们都过着忙碌的(busy)生活并且学习一门语言需要时间。9解析：选B。学习一门语言当然需要花费时间(time)。10解析：选C。前面有“regularly(定期地)”，可知选routine(常规，惯例)。11解析：选B。根据前面的take years(花很多年时间)和but(转折关系)可知选a lot less(花的时间少得多)。12解析：选A。根据下文的“Yes，children do learn languages more 13 than adults”可知，有些人觉得自己太老(old)了。13解析：选B。一般来说，小孩学习语言的确比成年人要快(quickly)。14解析：选A。前面说小孩学习语言的确比成年人要快，后面but转折说研究表明你可以在任何年龄(age)学习语言。15解析：选A。下句出现了“Well，relax and laugh”，可知人们担心(worry about)他们犯的错误。16解析：选D。前面反复出现learn，learning，可知此处选D。17解析：选B。考查固定句型：祈使句and .。句意：放松并自我解嘲一下自己的错误，这样你就不太可能再次犯这些错误。18解析：选D。根据下文“But with some work and devotion，youll make progress.”可知，学习一门新的语言从来都不容易(easy)。19解析：选B。根据后面的“the positive reaction of some people when you say just a few words”可知，你只说几句话，人们就给予积极的反应，因此是amazed(惊奇的)。20解析：选A。前面说“the positive reaction of some people”，可知是说一些他们的(their)语言的话。.语法填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)(2017山西太原市高三模拟)You may feel short of money even if you have a good salary.The following are some tips on 1. to save your money.First，set 2. (goal) to save money and form moneysaving habits while staying away from those who waste money.Think twice before using money on expensive skincare products.Second，cut down your daily expenses.When going to a supermarket，write down what you want to buy to avoid 3. (buy) unnecessary stuff.Girls，4. always spend money on clothes，should keep 5. eye open for discountsyoure likely to buy good summer dress in winter at a 6. (reason) price.Third，economize your social life.When its your turn to buy a meal，invite your friends to your home and cook the dinner 7. (you)If you separate from your boyfriend，you 8. (suppose) to donate the gifts he sent to you to some charities instead 9. throwing them away.10 (final)，you need to find other ways to earn extra money.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了让你省钱的四种方法。1解析：how。此处表示“以下是关于如何省钱的几点建议”，故用how。2解析：goals。考查名词的数。句意：首先，设定目标节省钱，形成省钱的习惯，同时远离浪费钱的人。本处应用名词复数形式。3解析：buying。考查动名词。avoid doing sth.意为“避免做某事”，故用动名词buying。4解析：who。考查定语从句。本处为非限制性定语从句，先行词为Girls，关系词在从句中作主语，指人，应用who。5解析：an。考查冠词。keep an eye open for sth.意为“留神某物，密切注意某物”。6解析：reasonable。考查形容词。a reasonable price“一个合理的价格”，本处应用形容词作定语。7解析：yourself。考查反身代词。本处指“自己做饭”，应用反身代词yourself。8解析：are supposed。考查固定短语。be supposed to do sth.意为“应该做某事”；根据主语you可知，应用are supposed。9解析：of。考查介词短语。instead of是固定短语，意为“代替”。10解析：Finally。考查副词。句意：最后，你需要找别的方式挣外快。本处位于句首作状语，应用副词。Part 2二卷组合规范练(建议用时45).语法填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)(2017福建高中毕业班质检)I was born in a town called Blackburn，in the northwest of England，and lived there till I left home 1. the age of eighteen.My parents had moved to England from India during 2. 1970s.As a child，I went to my local school and，of course 3. (speak) English with a local accent.But home was very different: we lived in a kind of “little India”，with a huge extended family of uncles and aunts.I remember 4. (feel) part of this big thing called “family”，and an even 5. (big) thing called “India”I suppose my family 6. (real) influenced me while I was growing up.They used to talk about India as “home”even 7. at that time I had never been there!To me，it doesnt seem at all strange to grow up as part of two cultures.I am always thinking that growing up with two cultures is a gift，not a 8. (advantage)Now as a mother，I want my child 9. (get) in contact (接触) with her Indian roots too，so we are planning to visit there later this year.All her Indian 10. (cousin) are expecting to meet her!【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。“我”出生在英国西北部的一个小镇，在十八岁时离开那里去求学；“我”的父母早在20世纪70年代从印度迁到英国。“我”认为伴随着两个不同文化成长是礼物而不是缺点。1解析：at。考查介词。at the age of为固定搭配，意为“在岁时”。2解析：the。考查冠词。the 1970s为固定用法，意为“20世纪70年代”；表示“某世纪某年代”时应在数字前加the。3解析：spoke。考查动词的时态。根据该句中的“As a child，I went”可以判断，该句讲述的是过去发生的事，应用一般过去时，故应用speak的过去式spoke。4解析：feeling。考查非谓语动词。remember doing sth.为固定搭配，意为“记得(曾经)做过某事”；根据语境可知，这里指记得曾经发生的事情，故用feeling。5解析：bigger。考查形容词的比较级。根据上文中的big和该句中的even可以判断，空处应用big的比较级bigger。6解析：really。考查副词。根据空后的influenced可以判断，空处修饰动词，故用该词的副词形式really。7解析：though/if。考查固定搭配。他们过去常常将印度当作家乡来谈论，即使那时“我”从没有到过那里。even though/if为固定搭配，意为“尽管，即使”。8解析：disadvantage。考查行文逻辑。根据该句中的“a gift，not .”可以判断，此处表示伴随着两种文化成长是一件礼物，而不是缺点。故用advantage的反义词disadvantage。9解析：to get。考查非谓语动词。want sb.to do sth.为固定搭配，意为“想要某人做某事”。10解析：cousins。考查名词的数。根据该句中的All和are可知，应用名词的复数形式。.短文改错(共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分)Today is my birthday and Im so excited about it.When it was time to leave school I couldnt wait to going home.When I opened the door，there wasnt nobody in the house.There was only a note said，“Coming home late tonight，mum and dad.” I was so sad that they forgot my birthday.I just did my homework and waited them.And then，things changed complete.My mother called and tell me to go to the restaurant near our home.