部分第五讲名词性从句.ppt

第三部分 语法专题突破 第五讲 名词性从句,目 录,判断下列句子是否为名词性从句，若是请指出类别 1The truth that the earth turns around the sun is known to us all. _ 2It was snowing when she arrived at the station. _ 3How she persuaded the manager to change the plan is interesting to us all. _,同位语从句,不是,主语从句,4The news that he told me yesterday was really disappointing. _ 5That is where Lu Xun used to live. _ 6He spoke as if he understood what she was talking about. _ 7Do you remember the teacher who taught us English in middle school？ _ 8I wonder why he refused my invitation. _,不是,表语从句,宾语从句,不是,宾语从句,名词性从句的引导词主要有以下几种： 1连词 that(无意义)，whether, if(意为“是否”，多引导宾语从句)，起连接作用；在从句中不充当任何成分；that引导宾语从句时常可省略。 2连接代词 who, whom, whose, which, what, whatever, whoever, whichever起连接作用，在从句中作主语、宾语、定语或表语。,3连接副词 when, where, how, why, whenever, wherever起连接作用，在从句中作状语，表示时间、地点、方式或原因。,主语从句,1主语从句多放在主句谓语动词前，构成：主语从句谓 语动词其他 That we must master English words as many as possible is very important. 我们必须尽可能多地掌握英文单词，这是很重要的。 2it作形式主语，常见的结构有： (1)Itbe形容词(obvious, natural, surprising, wonderful, possible, likely, certain, probable, etc.)that从句,(2)Itbe名词词组(no wonder, a good thing, a pity, no surprise, etc.)that从句 (3)It be过去分词(said, reported, thought, expected, decided, announced, arranged, etc.)that从句 (4)Itseems/happens等不及物动词及短语that从句,(5)It doesnt matter (makes no difference, etc.)连接代词或 连接副词引导的主语从句 It is obvious to the students that they should get well prepared for their future. 显而易见，学生应该为他们的未来做好充分准备。 It never occurred to me that you could succeed in persuading him to change his mind. 我真想不到你竟然说服了他，使他改变了主意。,宾语从句,宾语从句可以作谓语动词的宾语、介词的宾语，还可作非谓语动词的宾语。 1that引导宾语从句 (1)that引导定语从句时，that本身无任何意义，只起连 接作用，常可以省略。 I dont think (that) he will succeed. 我认为他不会成功的。,(2)that引导的从句通常不能直接跟在介词之后作宾语，但可 在带有形式宾语it的句子中作介词的真正宾语。 You may depend on it that he will join our club. 你可以期望他会加入我们的俱乐部。 2whether与if引导宾语从句 whether/if都可引导动词后的宾语从句，常可以互换。但以下几种情况下，只能用whether： (1)后面直接跟or not时。 Let me know whether or not you can come. 请让我知道你是否能来。,(2)引导介词宾语从句时。 We are interested in whether you will attend the meeting or not. 我们对你是否参加会议感兴趣。 (3)其他几种只用whether的情况：引导表语从句、同位语 从句和让步状语从句时；引导主语从句置于句首时；后接动词不定式时。 Whether hell attend the meeting is unknown.(主语从句置于句首) (我们)不知道他是否会出席会议。 He doesnt know whether to stay or not.(接不定式) 他不知道是留是走。,3wh引导的宾语从句 由who, which, whose, how, when, where, why等引导的宾语从句，从句中谓语动词用陈述语序，但连接词要放在主语之前。 Do you know when the meeting will begin? 你知道会议什么时候开始吗？ 4it作形式宾语的情况 如果宾语从句后跟有补语，通常用it 作形式宾语，将宾语从句放到补语之后。 I think it necessary that we take plenty of hot water every day. 我认为每天多喝开水是有必要的。,表语从句,1表语从句跟在系动词后，构成：主语系动词表语从句 I prefer shutting myself in and listening to music all day on Sundays. Thats where I dont agree. You should have a more active life.(2010江苏单选) 在周日我喜欢把自己关在家里一整天听音乐。 那就是我不赞同的地方，你应该拥有更积极性的生活。,2because引导表语从句强调原因，而why引导的表语从句 强调结果。 It may be because I didnt have a good sleep yesterday evening. 也许是因为我昨天晚上没睡好。 That is why he didnt come to the meeting. 那就是他没来开会的原因。 3表语从句的几种常见句型： (1)The reason why从句bethat从句 The reason why she called me was that she will not attend the party. 她给我打电话的原因是因为她将不参加聚会。,(2)What从句be从句 What is troubling us is when we can get the details of the news. 使我们困扰的是我们什么时候能得到新闻的细节。 (3)It looks/seems as if/as though从句 It looked as if it was going to rain. 天好像要下雨。 It looks as if she was drunk. 看上去她好像喝醉了似的。(虚拟语气),同位语从句,1跟在名词后，对名词的内容给予说明。常见的名词有 fact，idea, news, truth, hope, doubt, suggestion, belief, evidence等。 The hope that he may recover is not gone yet. 他可能恢复的希望还没有破灭。 点睛 同位语从句与名词之间有时会出现插入成分，形成间隔性同位语从句。 The news came that Mo Yan won the 2012 Nobel Prize in literature. 消息传来说莫言获得了2012诺贝尔文学奖。,2that引导的同位语从句与定语从句的区别： 同位语从句用于解释前面名词的内容，从句本身是一个非常完整的句子，引导词that只起引导作用，不在句中作任何成分，一般不可省略。定语从句对其前的名词即先行词加以限制和修饰，从句本身不够完整，因此关系词在定语从句中通常作主语、宾语或表语等成分。 When the news came that the war broke out, he decided to serve in the army. (that引导的是同位语从句，that不可省略) 当战争的消息传来时，他决定参军。 As a matter of fact, the news (that) he told me yesterday is true. (that引导定语从句，that可以省略) 实际上，他昨天告诉我的消息是真的。,that和what引导名词性从句的区别,在名词性从句中，that没有词义，在从句中不作任何成分。当从句意义完整，不缺任何成分时，往往选用that；而what引导名词性从句时，意为“什么”(有时候可以不译)，在从句中用来作主语或宾语。,The message you intend to convey through words may be the exact opposite of what others actually understand.(what在从句中作宾语) 你想用语言所传达的信息可能与他人所理解的恰恰相反。 Galileo found that no matter how many times he tried the experiment, the result remained the same.(that不充当成分) 伽利略发现，不管他进行多少次试验，结果都一样。,“疑问词ever”与“no matter疑问词”的区别,“疑问词ever”与“no matter疑问词”虽然都有“无论”的意思，但是用法有区别：“疑问词ever”既可以引导名词性从句也可引导状语从句，而“no matter疑问词”只能用来引导状语从句。,There are various things on sale, so you can choose whatever interests you. 有各种各样的物品在出售，所以你可以选择你感兴趣的任何东西。(whatever不能用no matter what替换) Everybody likes to work with whoever is reliable and easy to get on with. 每个人都喜欢和值得信任并且容易相处的人一起工作。(whoever不能用no matter who替换) Whatever/No matter what you say, I will not believe you. 无论你说什么，我都不相信。,.高考单选对接,1(2012安徽高考)The limits of a persons intelligence, generally speaking, are fixed at birth, but_ he reaches these limits will depend on his environment.,Awhere Bwhether Cthat Dwhy,解析：考查主语从句的引导词。句意：一个人的智力极限，通常来说，出生时就已经定型了，但他是否能够达到这些极限则取决于他的生活环境。根据“depend on”可知，主语从句“ _ he reaches these limits”中含有不确定因素，故用whether，选B。,答案：B,2(2012上海高考)Weve only got this small bookcase. Will that do? No, _ I am looking for is something much bigger and stronger.,Awho Bthat Cwhat Dwhich,解析：答句中作主语的是从句，且从句中缺少宾语，结合句意应用what，意为“的东西”。,答案：C,3(2012天津高考)It doesnt matter _ you turn right or left at the crossing both roads lead to the park.,Awhether Bhow Cif Dwhen,解析：考查名词性从句。句意：在十字路口无论你向左转还是向右转都没关系，两条路都通向公园。句中的It是形式主语，whether引导主语从句。whether . or .意为“不管还是”。,答案：A,4(2012陕西高考)As many as five courses are provided, and you are free to choose _ suits you best.,Awhatever Bwhichever Cwhenever Dwherever,解析：考查宾语从句。句意：提供给你五门功课，你可以自由选择最适合于你的课程。宾语从句中缺少主语，故排除C、D两项。因为前面已提出有五门课程，是有固定范围的，故用whichever。whatever是没有范围的，不符合题意。,答案：B,5(2012北京高考)Jerry did not regret giving the comment but felt _ he could have expressed it differently.,Awhy Bhow Cthat Dwhether,解析：考查宾语从句。句意：杰瑞不后悔给出评论，但是觉得自己本来可以用不同的方式来表达。that he could have expressed it differently是由that引导的宾语从句，作felt的宾语。that在从句中不作成分。,答案：C,6(2012浙江高考)I made a promise to myself _ this year, my first year in high school, would be different.,Awhether Bwhat Cthat Dhow,解析：考查名词性从句。此处是that引导的同位语从句，用来解释说明a promise的具体内容，同时从句中不缺少成分，且句意完整，所以用that引导。故选C项。,答案：C,7(2012江苏高考)The notice came around two in the afternoon_ the meeting would be postponed.,Awhen Bthat Cwhether Dhow,解析：考查同位语从句。分析句子成分可知，“_ the meeting would be postponed”是同位语从句，解释说明notice的具体内容，从句句意完整，且不缺少成分，所以用that引导。,答案：B,8(2012福建高考)We promise _ attends the party a chance to have a photo taken with the movie star.,Awho Bwhom Cwhoever Dwhomever,解析：考查名词性从句。句意：我们承诺给参加聚会的人一个同电影明星照相的机会。此处考查宾语从句，且从句中缺少主语，故排除B、D两项。whoever 相当于anyone who，强调任何一个人，故选C。,答案：C,9(2012上海高考) There is much truth in the idea _ kindness is usually served by frankness.,Awhy Bwhich Cthat Dwhether,解析：句意：这是很有道理的想法，坦率通常服务于善良，that引导同位语从句，用来解释说明the idea。,答案：C,10(2012新课标全国卷)It is by no means clear _ the president can do to end the strike.,Ahow Bwhich Cthat Dwhat,解析：考查名词性从句的引导词。句中it是形式主语，主语从句中缺少do的宾语，故选择what作为主语从句的引导词且充当从句中谓语动词do的宾语。,答案：D,.高考写作对接 ()用名词性从句完成句子 1我最感兴趣的是文学书，尤其是由著名作家写的。(主 语从句) is literary books, especially those by famous writers.(2012江西书面表达),What interests me most,2我的经历告诉我，不是给予了你什么而是你怎样利用它， 决定你是什么样的人。(主语从句) My experience tells me that it is not _ that determines who you are.(2012湖北短文写作),what you are given,but how you make use of it,()按要求翻译句子 1我的英语还不错，学习中最主要的两个问题是我感觉记 单词难，而且说英语时经常感到紧张。(2012四川书面表达) _ _ _ (表语从句),My English is just OK and the two main problems in my study are that I feel it difficult to learn words by heart, and that I often feel nervous when speaking English.,2这是真的，我们的未来是由很多因素决定的，比如机会 和他人的帮助，但是我们自身的态度、决心和努力起着更重要的作用。(2012浙江书面表达) _ _ _ _(主语从句，it作形式主语),Its true that our future is determined by many things, such as opportunities and help from others, but our own attitude, determination, and hard work play a more important role.,.高考阅读对接 ()用适当的名词性从句引导词填空 1In a more recent study, Berninger looked at role spelling plays in a students writing skills and found how well children spell is tied to well they can write.(2012天津阅读C) 2 made it particularly terrifying was its similarity to the mandrake, a plant that was thought to have come from Hell(地狱). (2012重庆阅读D),what,that,how,What,()分析下列句子并翻译 1We acknowledge that this change may be difficult for some school staff, particularly whose own children are educated in other countries.(2012福建阅读E) 句式分析 本句中that引导的是 从句，whose引导的是 从句。 尝试翻译 _ _ _,宾语,定语,我们承认这个改变对于一些教职工，尤其是对于家里的孩子在其他机关接受教育的家教来说是很难接受的。,2But she says there are many little things you can start doing today to make sure that your children, grandchildren and even you are never defeated by failure.(2012全国卷阅读E) 句式分析 says后省略了引导词 ，says后为 从句；things后为 从句；动词不定式to make sure为 状语；“that your children .”作make sure的 。 尝试翻译 _ _,that,宾语,定语,目的,宾语,但她说为确保你的孩子、孙子甚至你永远不被失败击倒，有许多小事情你今天就可以开始做。,1Playing chess requires both patience and techniques. Thats_ fewer and fewer people like to play it.,Ahow Bwhy Cwhat Dwhich,解析：句意：“下棋需要耐心和技术。”“这就是为什么喜欢下棋的人越来越少了。”所选项引导表语从句。从句缺少原因状语，故用why引导。how在从句中作方式状语；what和which在从句中作主语、宾语或表语等。,答案：B,2The result of the survey shows _ successful people have in common is _ they all have confidence.,解析：句意：调查结果显示成功人士共同的特点就是他们都很有自信。第一个空引导shows的宾语从句，并在从句中作have的宾语，故用what引导；第二个空引导表语从句，从句结构、意义完整，故用that引导。,Awhether; that Bwhat; that Cwhat; why Dwhich; that,答案：B,3It has been proved _ taking exercise regularly does good to ones health.,解析：句意：经证明，经常锻炼身体对一个人的健康有好处。it作形式主语，真正的主语是that引导的从句，that在从句中不作成分，也没有具体意义。whether在名词性从句中也不作成分，但意为“是否”；when作时间状语；what在从句中作主语、宾语等。,Awhether Bwhen Cwhat Dthat,答案：D,4The network has broken down and I have no idea _ it will be fixed.,解析：句意：网络发生了故障，我不知道什么时候它会得到修理。when在此引导同位语从句，且在从句中作时间状语，符合题意。that在名词性从句中不作成分；what作主语、宾语等；why作原因状语。,Athat Bwhen Cwhat Dwhy,答案：B,5Ill ask the teacher about the attributive clause. Im puzzled about it. Thats just _ most of our classmates have doubt.,Awhat Bwhy Cwhere Dhow,解析：句意：“我要问老师关于定语从句的问题。我很迷惑。”“那也是大部分同学有疑问的地方。”所选项引导表语从句，并在从句中作地点状语，故用where。what常在名词性从句中作主语、宾语、表语；why常在名词性从句中作原因状语；how在名词性从句中作方式状语。,答案：C,6Mrs White looks old for her age. Yes. It worries her most _ her hair is turning gray.,Awhich Bif Cthat Dwhat,解析：句意：“怀特太太看上去比实际年龄大。”“是的，她的头发逐渐变白这件事让她很担心。”it是形式主语，that引导的从句是真正的主语，that无词义，在从句中不作成分，符合题意。which表示“哪一个/些”；if表示“是否”；what在从句中作主语、宾语、表语。,答案：C,7Many people in the city wonder _ the city officials have the information they need to solve the problem.,Athat Bwhich Cwhat Dwhether,解析：句意：这个城市中的很多人想知道，政府官员是否有他们解决问题所需要的信息。wonder后的宾语从句中不缺少句子成分且表示疑问意义，故用whether，意为“是否”。that在名词性从句中不作任何成分，也无任何意义；which, what在名词性从句中作主语、宾语、表语等。,答案：D,8(2012东北三校高三一模)Steve Jobs has gone but _ he has left behind is truly extraordinary.,Athat Bwhy Cwhat Dhow,解析：分析句子结构可知，“_ he has left behind”是主语从句，且关系代词在从句中作宾语，故选what。,答案：C,9(2012河北普通高考模拟)You are sure to know the result, but thats _ everybody has finished their work.,Awhen Bwhy Cbefore Duntil,解析：分析句子结构可知，“_ everybody has finished their work”是表语从句，关系词表示“当的时候”，故用when。,答案：A,10(2012江西重点中学盟校高三一联)_ the forest should be punished.,AAnyone sets fire to BWhoever sets fire to CWho sets fire to DOne sets fire to,解析：句意：任何放火焚烧森林的人都应该受到严惩。这里用whoever引导的名词性从句，作句子的主语。,答案：B,11(2012辽宁六校模拟)How are you getting along with your project? I was about to give up when an idea occurred to me _ I could work with my roommate Tim.,Athat Bhow Cwhy Dwhether,解析：从句I could work with my roommate Tim句意完整，不缺少成分，因此使用that引导同位语从句，解释说明idea的内容。,答案：A,12(2013南通通州区联考)_ seems to be no possibility _ Li Hua can win the first prize in the 100meter race.,AIt; that BThere; that CThere; whether DIt; whether,解析：There seems to be是固定表达；第二个空填that，引导同位语从句补充说明possibility的具体内容。据此选B。,答案：B,13(2013安徽皖南八校联考)At the evening party the host said _ was able to solve the riddle could get a nice present as a reward.,解析：此处whoever anyone who引导主语从句，而whomever在句子中只能作宾语。no matter who只引导让步状语从句。,Awhoever Bwho Cno matter who Dwhomever,答案：A,14