《完型填空复习》PPT课件.ppt

初三完型填空专题复习,中考完型填空的命题原则,江苏省初中毕业学业考试纲要英语学科中明确指出完型填空是考察学生对各方面语言知识灵活运用的能力。在一篇难易适中的短文中留出10个空白处，要求考生从每小题的4个选项中选出最佳选项。此题型既可考查学生对单词搭配、习惯用法、语法结构的掌握情况，又可以考查学生的语篇理解和逻辑推理能力。因此完型也是拉开成绩差距的重要题型。,中考完型填空的命题规律,完型通常是一篇语意完整的短文，在选材上，各地试卷都把新颖、富有时代感、贴近现实社会生活、贴近考生校园生活的材料放在首位。完型填空的第一句通常不设空，确保留给学生一定的语言背景。设空平均间距为十个词左右。一般文章越短，设空密度越大。从所给短文的体裁看，多以记叙文、说明文和议论文为主。考查的单词多以实词为主，虚词为辅。根据近几年中考完型填空的分析，各种词类的考查比例由多到少顺序如下：动词、名词、形容词、副词、连词、代词等。,词汇,近义词的区别,名词和代词,形容词和副词,介词和连词,动词或动词短语,词语的固定搭配和习惯用法,语法,名词的单复数,名词的所有格,形容词和副词的比较等级,动词的时态和语态,主谓一致,动词不定式和动词-ing形式,句型,感叹句,宾语从句,状语从句,倒装句,结构,简单句的基本句型,句与句、段与段、上下文间的逻辑关系,中考完型填空的必备基础,一、词汇基础 二、语法基础 三、语篇基础 四、题型基础 五、生活基础,中考完型填空解题步骤,一、抓住首句，通读全文，把握脉络（2分钟） 通读全文不但可以基本了解文章大意，而且可以把握各段或各层次间的内在联系。完型往往首句和末句都是不设空的，有助于我们理解文章。 例1、（2010.江苏苏州）These days, cars are designed using computers. Lets look at how a new car is created 通过首句可知，本篇是一篇说明文，介绍的是设计师如何通过电脑设计新款汽车的过程。这为快速进入全文语境、理解全文打开了缺口。,例2、Happiness is important for everyone. Most people want to be happy, _ few know how to find happiness. Money and success alone _ lasting happiness. Happiness depends on ourselves. In other words, we make _ own happiness. Here are _ ways to help you be happier. 由前两句可知，这篇应该是一篇议论文，首句提出人们的观点：幸福对每个人都是重要的，多数人想幸福，但极少有人知道如何找到幸福。第二句most和few形成鲜明对比，形成转折关系，提出了本文的观点：创造幸福的方式。,二、逐句细读，瞻前顾后，谨慎选择（6分钟）,完型填空的考题设置可分为三个层面： 一是句子层面。只需考虑空格所在句子的意思便可得出答案。 二是段落层面。需要弄清前后几个句子甚至上下一两段的意思才能找出答案。 三是语篇层面。需通观全文，考虑全篇文意才能找出答案。,三、复读全文，校验答案（2分钟）,初选答案后一般会有一些没填或填了没把握的题。因此，一定要复读全文，把答案带入文章中，检验用词是否恰当，语法是否正确，文意是否通顺，逻辑是否合理。注意如果没有十足的把握，不要更改原来的答案，要相信自己的第一感觉。,完形填空解题策略,1、利用首句信息解题 完型填空通常首句不设空，目的是让考生迅速进入主题，熟悉语言环境，建立正确的思维导向。英语中通常首句是文章的主题句，把握了主旨句对于理解全文和解题很有帮助。 例1、（2010湖北武汉）Denny Crook was a famous photographer. He traveled all over the world, taking pictures for magazines and newspapers, and won many prizes. “Ill do anything to get a good photo,” he often said. Suddenly, Denny heard her crying. He ran back and saw her running toward him. A huge lion was cashing her. Quickly Denny took his camera out of its case and pointed it at his wife and the lion. Then he shouted,“_, woman! I cant get you both in the picture!” A. Hurry up B. Look out C. Slow down D. Go ahead,C,2、利用语境关系解题 例2、Peter and Paul passed by a small house on their way home late at night. They saw thick_ coming out of its windows. “Its on fire!” said Peter. “We must get help.” Snow B. clouds C. fire D. smoke 句意为：“他们看见了浓烟从窗户里冒出来。”选项中能与fire构成语境共现的只有smoke。,D,3、利用复现关系解题 复现指的是某一词以原词、同义词、近义词等出现在语篇中，语篇中的句子通过这种复现关系得到了相互衔接，从而使整篇文章上下连贯，有机的衔接在一起。复现主要有四种：原词复现同根词复现同义词近义词复现反义词复现 原词复现 例3、Jack and Tom worked for a builder. When this story happened, they were working on a very large building. Their job was to pick up all the _ , put it in wheelbarrows and take it to the rubbish place. A. rubbish B. building C. tools,A,同根词复现 例4、（2010天津）As well as the usual activities, such as sailing, climbing and mountain hiking, there was a writing workshop with a professional _. A. Manager B. doctor C. singer D. writer 由原句中“there was a writing workshop”可知此处指的是“一位职业作家”。writer与句中的writing构成同根词复现。,D,同义词近义词复现 例5、Perlman suffered a terrible disease which hurt his _ at four. Today he uses a wheelchair of walks with crutches(拐杖)。 hands B. arms C. legs D. eyes 题意为“Perlman忍受着他的腿疾的痛苦”，由下句“现在他靠轮椅和拐杖走路”。可知，所填词应与“wheelchair”和“crutches”构成近义词复现。,C,反义词复现 例6、His music is full of power and strength. It can be _ or joyful, loud or soft. happy B. cheerful C. noisy D. sad 本句题意为“它或悲伤或亢奋，或柔和或刚强”，可知此题应选joyful的反义词。,D,4、利用固定搭配、句型或习惯表达解题,运用词汇间的搭配关系，经常可以无需理解上下文而直接确定答案，也往往可以排除一些明显不符合搭配关系的选项，缩小选择范围，提高答案的准确度。 例7、Too often, we spend so much time _ about the futurefor example, getting into college or getting a good job. thinking B. think C. to think spend(in) doing sth.意为“花费做某事”。,A,5、利用上下文逻辑关系解题,只有明确了文章结构，了解段与段之间、句与句之间的逻辑关系，才能加深对文章的理解。常用的逻辑关系词见下表：,例7、（2010重庆）I said I didnt,_ they wouldnt believe me. A. because B. if C. but D. and 句意为“我说我不（喜欢），可是他们就是不相信我的话”。前后句在意义上为转折关系。,C,6、利用上下文中的关键词（句）解题,例8、（2010浙江宁波）One day, someone donated（捐赠）a pair of _ to her. When the bandages（绷带）came off, she was able to see everything. shoes B. glasses C. trousers D. eyes 由文中“bandages”和“able to see”可以得知，别人捐赠给她的是一双眼睛而不是一副眼镜。,D,例9、Every meal was a work of creation. I could see that my father disagreed, but he was not _. He just looked at me and smiled. My mother kissed me. A. patient B. satisfied C. quiet D. angry 由上句“我能看出爸爸是不同意的”进而转折到下句“他仅仅看着我微笑”可知，他不同意，但也不反对，由前后句中的disagree和smile可以推断出“爸爸并不生气”。,D,7、利用语境褒贬性解题,例10、And now I have my own restaurant, and it goes well. I can see they are _me. However, my grandfather thinks Im mad to give up farming. A. proud of B. sorry for C. friendly to D. strict with 由上句“餐馆经营得好”可知“他们都为我自豪”，前后感情色彩一致。,A,8、利用语法分析解题,例11、（2010福建福州）She didnt know _ she was. Mary opened her ear door and looked around. A. where B. what C. who 由下文可得到提示，Mary在到处找那个人。作宾语从句的引导词，表示地点，用where引导。,A,9、利用文化背景和生活常识解题,例12、No one knew what was about to happena tsunami(海啸)that would kill about 200,000 people. Tilly had studied tsunami in her _ class and had seen video of tsunami. A. physics B. history C. geography D. chemistry 根据背景常识，海啸是自然灾害的一种，应该是与地理有关。,C,10、利用排除法解题,例13、He often says, “ Boddy is the best dog in the world. He works hard and _ my sheep very well.” A. looks out B. looks after C. takes back D. takes away 根据题意“牧羊犬保护羊群”。可知，可排除A “look out”意为“小心”；选项C “takes back” 意为“带回来”； 选项D “takes away” 意为“带走”；而“looks after” 意为“照顾”。,B,练习 I think Ive always been interested in food. My grandparents lived on a farm in Lincolnshire and had a good 1 . She made fantastic English food; her roast beef was out of this world. I used to love going down to the 2 and watching her work, and I learned a lot from her. I realized that I wanted to be a cook when I was about 12. When other boys 3 to do sports after school, I helped with cooking at home. By the time I was 15, I had 4 to be a cook. However, I knew my parents wouldnt allow me to be a cook. I had to tell them about it 5 . I told them that I wanted to do a cookery course for fun, and stayed for a month in a hotel in Torquay. ( )1.A.farmer B. painter C. cook D. nurse ( )2.A.restaurant B. hotel C. farm D. kitchen ( )3.A.chose B. refused C. hated D. failed ( )4.A.decided B. agreed C. managed D. turned ( )5.A.easily B. softly C. slowly D. quietly,C,D,A,A,C,I enjoyed it so much that I couldnt put off telling my parents any longer, 6 I brou