《宾语,表语从句》PPT课件.ppt

名词性从句之 宾语，表语从句,在英语的句子结构中，本来该由名词充当的主语、宾语、表语和同位语，由一个句子来充当,这个句子就叫名词性从句。,什么是名词性从句?,名词性从句,主语从句 ( The Subject Clause),宾语从句 ( The Object Clause),表语从句 ( The Predicative Clause),同位语从句 ( The Appositive Clause),I dont like his job.,I dont like what he does every day.,宾语,1. Oliver believes that with a million pound bank note a man could survive a month in London. 2. I wonder, Mr. Adams, if youd mind us asking a few questions.,I think (that) women can reach very high achievements in many fields of science. 2) I wonder whether/if she remembered how many babies she had delivered. 3) Do you know who/whom Jack was speaking to? 4) He asked whose car it was. 5) Pay attention to what the doctor said. 6) Please tell me when the earthquake took place. 7) Will you tell me how I can keep fit and healthy?,The Objective Clause,在复合句中作宾语的从句称作宾语从句，可以作动词的宾语，也可以作介词和非限定动词及某些形容词的宾语。 引导宾语从句词有连词that，if，whether；连接代词who，whose，what，which；连接副词when，where，how， why等。,做动词的宾语,(1)大部分宾语从句直接跟在动词后： (2)有些宾语从句前要有间接宾语：,(3)如果宾语从句后面有宾语补足语，要使用形式宾语 it 而将从句放到补足语后面；,He doesnt know where the post office is.,He told me what I should read,I thought it strange that he failed to call me,(4)在think, believe, suppose, expect等动词之后的宾语从句中，如果从句谓语是否定含义，则将主句谓语动词think等变为否定形式。传说中的否定转移,I dont think you are right,(5) 在think，believe，imagine，suppose，guess，hope等动词以及 Im afraid 等后，可用so代替一个肯定的宾语从句，还可用not代替一个否定的宾语从句。,一Do you believe it will clear up? 一I believe so. I dont believe so. (或I believe not.),1.当主句的谓语动词是一般现在时或一般将来时，宾语从句的谓语动词可以用所需要的任何一种时态。 2.当主句的谓语动词是一般过去时，宾语从句的谓语 动词要用相应的过去时态，但当宾语从句叙述的内容为客观真理时，仍然用一般现在时。 The teacher told his class that light _ faster than sound.,travels,时态,语序问题： 从句用陈述语序,will be,goes,were playing,have returned,had been,The radio says it _ cloudy tomorrow. (be) The headmaster hopes everything _ well. (go) Tom says that they _ (play) basketball at six oclock yesterday evening. I hear they _ (return) it already. He said that they _ members of the Party since 1948. (be),wrote,has taken,had been,6. I didnt know what time he _ the letter. (write) 7. Could you tell me who _ away the book already? (take) 8. Ling Feng told me he _ to the Great Wall several times. (be),1. Peter knew _. 选项错误在哪里 A. whether he has finished reading the book B. why the boy had so many questions C. there were 12 months in a year D. when they will leave for Paris,2. Could you tell me _? A. where is the nearest railway station B. where the nearest railway station was C. where the nearest railway station is D. where was the nearest railway station,if 和whether 的选用,不能使用if 的情况： a. 介词后的宾语从句 b. whether to do 做动词宾语不能用if to do. c .whether or not 连在一起引导宾语从句时不用if. d.引导discuss的宾语从句时，只能用whether，不能用if,if / whether 1. I asked her _ she had a bike. 2. Were worried about _ he is safe. 3. I dont know _ he is well or not. 4. I dont know _ or not he is well. 5.The doctors are discussing _ the old man will recover soon. 6. I dont know _ to go. 7. I wonder _ you will go shopping or stay at home.,if / whether,whether,whether,whether,whether,whether,whether,1. I dont know _or not. A. whether he is at home B. if he is at home C. that he is at home D. whether is he at home 2. This depends on _ the weather is fine. A. which B. whether C. if D. that 3. The teacher asked the new student _ class he was in. A. which B. where C. if D. that,4. I remember _ this used to be a quiet village. A. how B. when C. where D. what 5. It is generally considered unwise to give a child _ he or she wants. A. however B. whatever C. whichever D. wherever 6. Excuse me, sir. Could you tell me _? A. where the bank nearest B. where is the nearest bank C. where the nearest bank is D. the nearest bank is where,1. I dont know _or not. A. whether he is at home B. if he is at home C. that he is at home D. whether is he at home 2. This depends on _ the weather is fine. A. which B. whether C. if D. that 3. The teacher asked the new student _ class he was in. A. which B. where C. if D. that,A,B,A,4. I remember _ this used to be a quiet village. A. how B. when C. where D. what 5. It is generally considered unwise to give a child _ he or she wants. A. however B. whatever C. whichever D. wherever 6. Excuse me, sir. Could you tell me _? A. where the bank nearest B. where is the nearest bank C. where the nearest bank is D. the nearest bank is where,B,B,C,The reason is the bad weather. The reason is that it is raining.,The Predicative Clause 表语从句,表语从句： 定义：在句中充当表语的从句(即放在be动词后面)叫做表语从句。可以接表语从句的连系动词有 be, look, remain, seem 等。 1.The problem is that millions of people die of illnesses caused by smoking. 2.The question remains whether we can win the people. 3.Thats just what I want.,ks5u精品课件,表语从句的连接词( 四大类),that 引导的表语从句, 本身无意义, 但不能 省略. （只起连接作用，不替代任何成分） 2. whether 引导的表语从句意为: “是否”. 不能 用 if 替代. what , which ,who, whom, whose可在表语 从句中充当“ 主语, 宾语,定语, 有自己的词义. 4. where ,when, why, how 在表语从句中可充当时间, 地点,方式,原因状语.,注意一：一些引导词的用法,1.that在表语从句中 ,又 。 The fact is that he hasnt yet recover from illness. The reason why he has to go is that his mother is ill in bed.,既不充当成分 没有意义,比较在定语从句中的用法。 There are some films that Id like to see. She is the only one among us that knows French. 结论:that 在引导定语从句时,指事物,也可指人, 在从句中作主语或宾语,作宾语时常可省略。that是关系代词,（一）that的用法,2.当主句的主语为reason,或者是why由引导的从句时,与它们相关的表语从句用_,而不能由_ 引导; because 引导表语从句时只能用于_ 句型中.如: The reason why I was late was that I missed the train. I was late. It/That/This was because I missed the train.,that来引导,because,It/That/This is /was because,The reason I have to go is_if I dont. A.that she will be disappointed B.because she will be disappointed C.on account of her being disappointed D.that she will be disappointing,A,一些引导词的用法（三）,Which 在引导表语从句时,常充当_ 表示 。如： I read about it in some book or another,but what I dont know is which (book) it is.,比较在定语从句中的用法。 China is a country which has a history of 2000 years. A dictionary is a book which gives the meaning of words.,定语,表语,哪一个,结论: which在引导定语从句时,指事物,（关系代词） 在从句中作主语或宾语,作宾语时常可省略,一些引导词的用法（四）,whether在表语从句中表 ,但不充当句子的成分。if 引导表语从句.如: What the doctor really doubts is whether my mother will recover from the serious disease soon,“是否”,不能,whether与 if 练习：（先判断是什么从句） I wonder he has passed the exam. It depends on the manger will agree to the plan. I dont know he will come or not tonight. The question is he can do it as a favor.,Whether/if,whether,whether,whether,5. 其他连词as if, as though 引导的表语从句 as if/though引导的表语从句常置于连系动词look, seem, sound, be, become等后面，常用虚拟语气，表示不存在的动作或状态。 e.g. It sounds as if/though somebody is knocking at the door because our dog is barking (狗吠).（真实语气） eg：She looked_she were ten years younger. A.that B.like C.as D.as though（虚拟语气）,一些引导词的用法（五）,Li Lei is now in a new jacket. He looks as if he were an American boy. The girl was giving us a vivid description of the moon. It seemed as if she had been to the moon many times. 3.It looks as if it might rain. 4.The clouds are gathering.it looks as if it is going to rain.,由as if ,as though引导表语从句时要注意时态.若从句表示与现在事实相反,谓动用 , 与过去事实相反用 或表示将来的可能性不大，则用 .,一般过去式（be用were）,had+p.p.,Would(might,could,should)+v原,That house is _ the garden tools are stored. 2.The reason I dont want to go there is _ Ive just got a new job here. 3.What we care about is _ it will be a fine day tomorrow. 4.That was _ they had made the mistake.,where,that,whether,how,5. Patience is a kind of quality and that is _ _ it takes to do anything well. A. what B. which C. which D. how 6. “What were you trying to prove to the police?” “_ I was last night.” A. That B. When C. Where D. What,A.,C,Everything in the room is _ it was ten years ago. The dream Jack has in mind is _ he will become a scientist in the future. 3.My opinion is _ everyone of us takes out $5 for Janes birthday present. 4. The problem is _ we can be allowed to stay out at such a late hour. 5. Her explanation is _ she used to live in the country and she knows it better than us.,6. Country life gives him peace and quiet, which is _ he cant enjoy while living in big cities. A. that B. why C. where D. what 7. _ she couldnt understand was _fewer and fewer students showed interest in her lessons. What; why B. That; what C. What; because D. Why; that,Everything in the room is _ it was ten years ago. The dream Jack has in mind is _ he will become a scientist in the future. 3.My opinion is _ everyone of us takes out $5 for Janes birthday present. 4. The problem is _ we can be allowed to stay out at such a late hour. 5. Her explanation is _ she used to live in the country and she knows it better than us.,what,that,that,whether,that,6. Country life gives him peace and quiet, which is _ he cant enjoy while living in big cities. A. that B. why C. where D. what 7. _ she couldnt understand was _fewer and fewer students showed interest in her lessons. What; why B. That; what C. What; because D. Why; that,D,A.,1. Thats _ the Party called on us to do. A. why B. what C. how D. that 2. The reason is _ he is unable to operate the machine. A. because B. why C. that D. Whether 3 .That is _ they separated. A. that B. what C. which D. where 4.Jane is no longer _ she was four years ago. A. what B. which C. that D. when,1. Go and get your coat. Its _ you left it. A. there B. where C. there were D. where there 2. The problem is _ he has enough time. A. if B. whether C. / D. that,B,B,6. She looked _ she were ten years younger. A. that B. like C. as D. as though 7. - I fell sick! - I think it is _ you are doing too much. A. why B. when C. what D. because,D,D,11. The trouble is _we are short of tools. A. what B. that C. how D. why that 12. America was _was first called “India” by Columbus. A. what B. where C. the place D. there 13. The energy is _ makes the cells able to do their work. A. that B