职称英语真题及答案综合类A级阅读理解.pdf

/ 第一篇The National Trust TheNationalTrustinBritainplaysanincreasingly important part in the preservation for public enjoymentof the best that is left unspoiled of the British countryside. Although theTrust has received practical and moral support from the Government, it is not arich Government department. It is a voluntary association of people who care forthe unspoiled countrysideandhistoricbuildingsofBritain.Itisa charitywhich depends for its existence on voluntary support from members of thepublic. Its primary duty is to protect placesofgreatnaturalbeautyandplacesofhistorical interest. The attention of the publicwas first drawn to the dangers threatening the great old houses and castles ofBritain by the deathofLordLothian,wholefthisgreat seventeenth-centuryhousetotheTrusttogetherwiththe 4500-acre park and estate surrounding it. Thisgift attracted wide publicity and started the Trusts “Country HouseScheme”. Under this scheme, with the help of the Government and the generalpublic, the Trust has been able to save and make / accessible to the public aboutone hundred and fifty of these old houses2. Last year about one and three quartersof a million people paid to visit these historic houses, usually at a verysmall charge. In addition to country housesand open spaces the Trust now owns some examples of ancient wind and watermills3 , nature reserves4,fivehundredandfortyfarmsandnearlytwo thousandfive hundred cottages or small village houses, as well as some completevillages. In these villages no one is allowed to build, develop or disturb theold village environment in any wayandallthehousesaremaintainedintheiroriginal sixteenth-century style. Over four hundred thousand acres of coastline, woodland, and hill country are protected by the Trust and no development ordisturbances of any kind are permitted. The public has free access to theseareas and is only asked to respect the peace, beauty and wildlife. Soit is that over the past eighty years the Trust has become a big and importantorganization and an essential and respected part of national life, preservingall that is of great natural beauty and of historical significance not only forfuture / generations of Britons but also for the millions of tourists who eachyear invade Britain in search of a great historic and cultural heritage. 31.The national trust is a B、non-profit organization depenging on voluntary service 32、The national trust is dedicated to D、protecting the unspoiled countryside and historic 33、 We can infer from paragraph 2 that Lord Lothion _ C、saved many old country houses in britain 34、 All the following can be inferred from the passage except _ A、the trust more interested in protecting the 16 century houses 35、the word “invade”in pargraph 4 1s closest in meaning / to C、visit in large number 第二篇How we form first impression We all have first impressionof someone we just met. But why? Why do we form an opinion about someonewithout really knowing anything about him or her aside perhaps from a fewremarks or readily observable traits. The answer is related to how yourbrain allows you to be aware of the world. Your brain is so sensitive inpicking up facial traits, even very minor difference in a how a persons eyes,ears, nose, or mouth are placed in relation to each other make you see him orher as different. In fact, your brain continuously processes incoming sensoryinformation the sights and sounds of your world. Theses incoming “signals”are compared against a host of “memories” stored in the brain areas called thecortex （大脑皮层）system to determine what thesenew signals “mean”. If you see someone you know and like at school, your brain / says “familiar andsafe”. “If you see someone new, it says, “newpotentially threatening”. Thenyour brain starts to match features of this stranger with other “known”memories. The height, weight, dress, ethnicity, gestures and tone of voiceareallmatchedup.Themoreunfamiliarthe characteristics, the more your brainmay say, “This is new. I dont like this person.” Or else, “I am intrigued.” Oryour brain may perceive a new face but familiar clothes, ethnicity, gestures like your other friends; so your brain says: “I like this person.” But thesespreliminary “impressions” can be dead wrong. When we stereotype people, we use aless mature form of thinking (not unlike the immature thinking of a very youngchild) that makes simplistic and categorical impressions of others. Rather thanlearn about the depth and breadth of people their history, interest, values,strengths, and true character we categorize them as jocks, geeks, or freaks. However, if we resist initialstereotypical impressions, we have a chance to be aware of what a person istruly like. If we spendtimewithaperson,hearabouthisorherlife, / hopes,dreams, and become aware of the persons character, we use a different, moremature style of thinkingand the most complex areas of our cortex, which allowus to be humane. 36.Our first impression of some one new is influenced by his or her _- facial feature 37.If you meet a stranger with familiar gestures, your brain is mostly likelyto say_ I like the person 38.The word “preliminary” means _ initial 39.Our thinking is not mature enough when we stereotype people because _ we neglect their depth and breath / 40. Which of the following statements best expresses the main idea of thepassage? Our first impression is influenced by the sensitivity of our brain 第三篇 A New Strategy to Overcome Breast Cancer Post-menopausal(绝经后)women who walkfor an hour a day can cut their chance of breast cancer significantly, a studyhas suggested. The report ,which followed 73,000 women for 17 years, foundwalking for at least seven hours a week lowered the risk of the disease. TheAmerican Cancer Society team said this was the first time reduced risk wasspecifically linked to walking. UK experts said it was more evidence thatlifestyle influenced cancer risk. A recent poll for the charity Ramblers aquarter of adults walk for no more than an hour a week, but being active isknown to reduce the risk of a number of cancers. This study, published inCancerEpidemiology,Biomarkers&Prevention,followed 73.615 women out of97,785 aged 50-74 who had been recruited by the American Cancer Society between1992 and 1993,so it could / monitor the incidence of cancer in the group. They were asked to completequestionnaires on their health and on how much time they were active andparticipating in activities such as walking, swimming and aerobics(有氧运动)and how much timethey spent sitting watching television or reading. They completed the samequestionnaires at two-year intervals between 1997 and 2009.Of the women,47%said walking was their only recreational activity. Those who walked for atleast seven hours per week had a 14% lower risk of breast cancer compared tothose who walked three or fewer hours per week. Dr. Alpa Patel, a senior epidemiologistat the American CancerSocietyinAtlanta,Georgia,wholedthestudy, said:”Giventhat more than 60% of women report some daily walking, promoting walking as ahealthy leisure-time activity could be an effective strategy for increasingphysical activity amongstpost-menopausalwomen.Wewerepleasedtofind thatwithout any other recreational activity, just walking one hour a day wasassociated with a lower risk of breast cancer in these women.”More strenuous(紧张的)and longeractivities lowered the risk even more.” / Baroness Delyth Morgan, chief executiveof Breast Cancer Campaign,said:”Thisstudyaddsfurtherevidencethat ourlifestyle choices can play a part in influencing the risk of breast cancer andeven small changes incorporate into our normal day-to-day activity can make adifference.” She added:”We know that the best weaponto overcoming breast cancer is the ability to stop it occurring in the firstplace. The challenge now is how we turn these findings into action and identify othersustainable lifestyle changes that will help us prevent breast cancer.” 41. All of the following factorsrelating to cancer risk were mentioned in the passage_EXCEPT_ A. breathingexercise B.regular walking C.recreational activity / D.lifestyle choices 42.ItcanbeinferredfromDr.AlpaPatelsstudy that_