FourmaximsandCooperativePrinciple合作原则.ppt

Q1：Will you use some examples to make clear the four maxims of the cooperative principle and their roles in transmitting and interpreting the information and messages in conversations?,Cooperative Principle,Make your conversational contribution such as required at the stages at which it occurs by the accepted purpose or direction of the talk exchange in which you are engaged.,Four maxims,the maxim of quantity the maxim of quality the maxim of relation the maxim of manner,the Maxim of Quantity,Make your contribution as informative as required (for the current purpose of the exchange). Do not make your contribution more informative than is required.,the Maxim of Quality,Do not say what you believe to be false. Do not say that for which you lack adequate evidence.,the Maxim of Relation,Be relevant.,the Maxim of Manner,Avoid obscurity of expression. Avoid ambiguity Be brief (avoid unnecessary prolixity). Be orderly.,Q2: Does violation of the maxims lead to violation of the cooperative principle? Why or why not?,Of course not.,Situations,The speaker wants to mislead the hearers, that is, to lie The speaker does not possess the adequate amount of information he is expected to provide The speaker simply does not want to go on with the conversation.,Flouting a maxim,Flouting a maxim means violating it blatantly,i.e. both the speaker and the hearer are aware of the violation.,Conversational Implicature,You used your own sentence with a meaning other than the conceptual.,Speakers meaning, utterance meaning or contextual meaning,A:When is Susans farewell party? B:Sometime next month. A:Would you like to join us for the picnic on Sunday? B:Im afraid I have got a class on Sunday. A:How did the math exam go today,Jonnie? B:We had a basketball math with the other class and we beat them.,Q3:Will you explain the ties and differences between the CP, its 4 maxims, violation of the maxims and implicature?,Characteristics of Implicature,Calculability Cancellability Non-detachability Non-conventionality,CP,the maxim of quantity,the maxim of quality,the maxim of relation,the maxim of manner,guid