高中英语同位语从句.ppt

Noun clauses as the appositive,Grammar,1. 同位语从句含义,同位语从句在句中充当同位语从句成分, 其一般跟在一些抽象名词(idea; belief ; fact; truth; problem; news 等)后面, 对名词作进一步解释说明。 结构: n.+ 连接词 + 从句 同位语从句常用 that 引导或用连接副词 when / where/why / how / whether,注: 1. 同位语从句多用that 引导; 2. 在 have no idea 之后常用wh-引导同位语从句。,I have no idea where he has gone. I have no idea when he did it. I have no idea what he did.,The idea that computers can recognize human voices surprises many people. 2) Sydney kept his promise that he would always do anything he could for Lucie to make sure of her happiness.,同位语从句和所修饰的名词在内容上为 同一关系, 对其内容作进一步说明。如： Ive come from Mr Wang with a message that he wont be able to see you this afternoon. 我从王先生那里来, 他让我告诉你他 今天下午不能来看你了。,We havent yet settled the question where we are going to spend our summer vacation. 到哪儿去度暑假, 这个问题我们还没有决定。 He must answer the question whether he agrees to it or not. 他必须回答他是否同意这样一个问题。,2. 同位语从句的引导词 如果同位语从句意义完整, 则用that引导。 that不充当任何成分, 只起连接作用。如： The general gave the order that the soldiers should cross the river at once. 将军下达了战士们立即过河的命令。 (the soldiers should cross the river at once是 the order的全部内容, 且意义完整，因此应 用that引导同位语从句), 如果同位语从句意义不完整，需增加 “是否”的含义, 则应该用whether引导。如： Well discuss the problem whether the sports meeting will be held on time. 我们将讨论运动会是否会如期举行的问题。 注意: if不能引导同位语从句。, 如果同位语从句意义不完整, 需增加“什么 时候”、“什么地点”、“什么方式”等含义, 应该用when, where, how等词引导。如： I have no idea when Chaplins film will be on. 我不知道卓别林的电影什么时候放映。 I have no impression how he went home, perhaps by bike. 我记不清他是怎样回家的, 或许是骑自行车 回去的。, 当主句的谓语较短, 而同位语从句较长时， 同位语从句常后置。如： The thought came to him that maybe the enemy had fled the city. 他突然想到敌人可能已经逃出城了。 Several years later, word came that Napoleon himself was coming to inspect them. 几年以后, 有消息传来说拿破仑要亲自 视察他们。,区分同位语从句和定语从句时, 可以在先行词 与从句之间加一个系动词be, 使之构成一个 新句子, 如果句子通顺且符合逻辑, 则为同位 语从句, 反之, 则为定语从句。如： The report that he was going to resign was false. 他将辞职的传闻是假的。 本句中, 先行词与从句之间加上一个be后为： The report was that he was going to resign. 因为该句句意通顺, 所以that he was going to resign是同位语从句。,3. 同位语从句和定语从句的区别,I have heard the news that he visited our factory. I have heard the news that he told you the other day.,同位语从句和定语从句简易区别法： 1) 同位语从句that 只起连接作用, 不作任何成分。 定语从句 that 是关系代词, 起连接作用和充当 宾语和主语。 2) 同位语从句同位语从句和前面的名词是同位关系, 对名词进行补充说明。 定语从句 定从和前面的名词是所属关系, 对名词进行修饰, 加以限定。 3)同位语从句that 不能省。 定语从句 that 在从句中作宾语时, 可以省。,1) 从词类上区别 同位语从句前面的名词只能是idea, thought, fact, truth, news, information, word, hope, belief, feeling, fear, doubt, possibility, chance, sign,promise, proposal, suggestion, advice, order,等有一定内涵的名词, 而定语从句的先行 词可以是名词、代词、主句的一部分或是整个主句。,He told me the news that he would come home from aboard soon. (同位语从句),The news that/which/ he told me yesterday is quite true. (定语从句) Word came that he had been abroad. (同从） Our team has won the game, which made us very happy. (定语从句) 我们的队赢了, 这让我们很高兴。,其他连词同从中多为不定与疑问意义；而定从中为指代意义，另how与 what不可引导定从。,I have no idea when the meeting will be held. Well arrive next week when the meeting will be held. The question how and why they came to the city is still unknown yet. I havent got the answer to the question why he handed in his homework. I havent found out the reason why he handed in his homework.,2)从性质上区别 定语从句是从句对其先行词的修饰 或限制, 属于形容词性从句的范畴; 而同位语从句是从句对前面抽象名词 的进一步的说明和解释, 属于名词性 从句的范畴, 如:,The news that our team has won the game was true. 我们队赢了那场比赛的消息是真的。 (同位语从句, 补充说明news到底是一个 什么消息) The news that he told me yesterday was true. 昨天他告诉我的那个消息是真的。 (定语从句, news在从句中作told的宾语),3) 从引导词及其在句子中的成分上区别 有些引导词如how, whether, what 可以 引导同位语从句, 但不能引导定语从句。 如: That question whether we need it has not been considered. 我们是否需要它这个问题还没有考虑。 (同位语从句),引导词that引导定语从句时, 在从句中一般作主 语或宾语 (指物时还可以用which代替), 并且作 宾语时常常省略, that在同位语从句中仅起连接 作用, 不充当任何成分, 并且不能省略, 也不能 用which来代替, 如: The order that we should send a few people to help the other groups was received yesterday. 我们应派几个人去帮别的几个小组的命令 昨天收到了。(同位语从句, 是对order的具体 解释, that虽不作成分, 但不能省略),The order that we received yesterday was that we should send a few people to help the other groups. 我们昨天收到的命令是我们应该派几个人 去帮助别的几个小组。 (定语从句, 是名词order的修饰语, that在 从句中作received的宾语, 可以省略),【例题点击】 Information has been put forward _more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities. A. while B. that C. when D. as 答案为B。more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities是information的 内容, 且连接词在从句中不作成分, 所以该句 为同位语从句。,B,2. It is said that more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities. This is the information _ has been put forward. A. what B. that C. when D. as 答案为B。that has been put forward为 information的修饰性定语, 且引导词在从句 中作主语, 所以该句为定语从句。,B,3. He made another wonderful discovery, _ of great importance to science. A. which I think is B. which I think it is C. which I think it D. I think which is,A,答案A。该题考查定语从句中加入插入语的 用法, 因插入语应位于引导词之后, 所以D项 不对, B、C两项无法构成正确结构。,A story goes _ Elizabeth I of England liked nothing more than being surrounded by clever and qualified noblemen at court. A. when B. where C. what D. that 2. There is much chance _ Bill will recover from his injury in time for the race. A. that B. which C. until D. if,D,考考你,A,3. -Its thirty years since we last met. -But I still remember the story, believe it or not, _ we got lost on a rainy night. A. which B. that C. what D. when 4. I have no idea _ he will start. A. when B. that C. what D. /,B,A,5. His suggestion _ the meeting be delayed was turned down. A. which B. that C. / D. it 6. We havent settled the question _ it is necessary for him to study abroad. A. if B. where C. whether D. that,B,C,判断下列各句是同位语从句还是定语从句,1. They expressed the hope that they would come to visit China again. 2. The hope that she expressed is that they would come to visit China again. 3. The fact that she works hard is well known to us all. 4. I cant stand the terrible noise that she is crying loudly.,同位语从句,定语从句,同位语从句,同位语从句,5.We expressed the hope that they had expressed. 6. We expressed the hope that they would come to China again.,7.The information has b