〖西南大学〗2019年[0057]《英语词汇学》大作业（资料）内附答案

【西南大学】0057英语词汇学试卷总分:100 得分:100第1题,【单项选择题】In the 19th century, gold was first _ in California.A.discoveredB.uncoveredC.recoveredD.incovered正确答案:A第2题,【单项选择题】“lose face” is a(n) _.A.alienB.translation loanC.denizenD.semantic loan正确答案:B第3题,【单项选择题】The United Nations has appealed for help from the _ community.A.intra-nationalB.in-nationalC.internationalD.within-national正确答案:C第4题,【单项选择题】Come on! Cheer up! Dont just sit here as stiff as a _.A.kingB.queenC.patientD.poker正确答案:D第5题,【单项选择题】You were not seriously injured. Dont make a _ out of a _.A.mountain, molehillB.molehill, mountainC.hill, molehillD.mount, molehill正确答案:A第6题,【单项选择题】Which of the following words is INCORROCT in word formation?A.unhorseB.unmannedC.unfrostD.unhappy正确答案:C第7题,【单项选择题】The figure of speech employed in “My father is a sanitary engineer” is _.A.hyperboleB.metonymyC.litotesD.euphemism正确答案:D第8题,【单项选择题】After a meal in a restaurant, you ask the waiter for the _.A.billB.noteC.receiptD.menu正确答案:A第9题,【单项选择题】Words with such clusters as “ch”, “ph”, “pn”, “rh” as in chasm, phone, pneumatic and rhetoric are most probably of _ origin.A.LatinB.GreekC.ChineseD.German正确答案:A第10题,【单项选择题】If they _ our offer, we will _ their goods.A.reject, refuseB.refuse, rejectC.reject, rejectD.refuse, refuse正确答案:B第11题,【单项选择题】We eventually ran out of patience with his _ behaviour.A.childB.childishC.childyD.childlike正确答案:B第12题,【单项选择题】He was _ of having asked such a silly question.A.ashamedB.miserableC.sorryD.guilty正确答案:A第13题,【单项选择题】I took only a _ of beans with me and left.A.handB.handyC.handedD.handful正确答案:D第14题,【单项选择题】The missiles missed their _, so the research group did not reach its _.A.target, targetB.goal, goalC.target, goalD.goal, target正确答案:C第15题,【单项选择题】Contrary _ public opinion, this area has long been a heaven for all forms of insect life.A.toB.withC.atD.for正确答案:A第16题,【单项选择题】No new ideas _ from the meeting.A.submergedB.emergedC.mergedD.immerged正确答案:B第17题,【单项选择题】Which of the following words has gone through the semantic change of subjectification?A.maidB.cornC.veryD.gossip正确答案:C第18题,【单项选择题】Having lost the match, the team went home in _ spirits.A.darkB.deepC.lowD.empty正确答案:C第19题,【单项选择题】The Old English word stn means _ in modern English.A.stoneB.stainC.staligD.stole正确答案:A第20题,【单项选择题】After his recovery from illness, he _ his former position.A.assumedB.presumedC.consumedD.resumed正确答案:D第21题,【单项选择题】In “Elizabeth could hear voices through the open door”, the word door means _.A.the moveable barrier in the entrance to a building, room, cupboard, car, etc.B.the panel boardC.the channel to a certain placeD.None of the above正确答案:A第22题,【单项选择题】Among the synonymous group, old man, daddy, dad, father and male parent, _ would most probably used by a lawyer in the court.A.dadB.old manC.fatherD.male parent正确答案:D第23题,【单项选择题】Which of the following usually appears in poems?A.horseB.steedC.gee-geeD.nag正确答案:D第24题,【单项选择题】The main characters in the novel seem so true to life, but actually, they are entirely _.A.imaginaryB.imaginativeC.imaginedD.imaginable正确答案:A第25题,【单项选择题】Mrs. Smith is afraid that she and her husband dont see _ on New Year Resolutions.A.face to faceB.eye to eyeC.back to backD.heart to heart正确答案:B第26题,【判断题】Many words in English vocabulary are compositional.A.B.正确答案:第27题,【判断题】In the Middle English period, English lost most of its inflections.A.B.正确答案:第28题,【判断题】deer originally refers to a wild animal of any kind.A.B.正确答案:第29题,【判断题】Latin element was first brought into English by Germanic tribes.A.B.正确答案:第30题,【判断题】time and tide used to be synonymous to each other.A.B.正确答案:第31题,【判断题】VIP is an acronym, formed by taking the first letters of a series of words and pronounced as a single word.A.B.正确答案:第32题,【判断题】London dialect began to spread as Standard English in the Middle English period.A.B.正确答案:第33题,【判断题】Among apple, Fuji apple, fruit and food, fruit is the basic level category and the rest are the subordinate categories.A.B.正确答案:第34题,【判断题】Farewell is shortened from Fare thee well.A.B.正确答案:第35题,【判断题】Comparatively speaking, ask is more formal than interrogate.A.B.正确答案:第36题,【判断题】The meanings of a word form a network in which each meaning enjoys the same status.A.B.正确答案:第37题,【判断题】house is the superordinate of wall, roof, floor, etc.A.B.正确答案:第38题,【判断题】“Just a second!” is a case of litotes (understatement).A.B.正确答案:第39题,【判断题】fall, meaning Autumn, is converted from the verb fall which means “drop or come down under the influence gravity”.A.B.正确答案:第40题,【判断题】In the sentence, “I presume that you are Dr. Livingstone”, presume can be replaced by “suppose”.A.B.正确答案:第41题,【判断题】air-conditioner is a word derived from adding er to air-condition.A.B.正确答案:第42题,【判断题】A word, car for example, may mean differently to different people.A.B.正确答案:第43题,【判断题】Compared with horse, gee-gee is stylistically more formal.A.B.正确答案:第44题,【判断题】Words with peculiar clusters, such as “ch”, “ph”, “pn”, “rh”, “ism”, “ize” etc. are most probably Greek in origin.A.B.正确答案:第45题,【判断题】Conventionally, native element of English vocabulary refers to the words of Anglo-Saxon Origin.A.B.正确答案:第46题,【解释题】alien正确答案:alien: Alien refer to a word borrowed from a foreign language without assimilation, i.e. no change of the foreign sound and spelling. For examples, “coup dtat”, “rsum”, “rgime”, etc. are all Aliens of French borrowings.第47题,【解释题】stem正确答案:A stem refers to a word with all its inflectional suffixes have been removed. For example, in the word “disliked”, if the inflectional suffix “ed” is removed, we have its stem “dislike”.第48题,【解释题】meronymy正确答案:Meronymy refers to the part-whole sense relationship. For example, the word “body” and “head”, “arm”, “leg”, etc. have a part-whole relationship; technically, this relationship is called “meronymy”.第49题,【解释题】generalization正确答案:Generalization refers to the extension of the word range, or the widening of the semantic scope. For example, “manuscript” originally means “something handwritten”; presently, its semantic scope has been widened to be “a copy of a book, a piece of music, etc. before it has been printed”.第50题,【解释题】clipping正确答案:Clippings are forms abbreviated from larger words but share a common function with words they are clipped from. For example, “advertisement”, “examination”, “gymnasium” all have their clipped form “ad”, “exam”, “gym”.第51题,【问答题】What is antonymy and what are its different types?正确答案:Antonymy refers to the relationship between two or rarely more words of the same language, belonging to the same part of speech, identical in style and nearly identical in distribution, associated and used together so that their denotative meanings render contrary or contradictory notions. There are three types of antonymy1) Complementary antonymy refers to the relation between two words that the denial of one member implies the assertion of the other, and vice versa.e.g. male vs. Female; alive vs. dead; boy vs. girl; odd vs. evenThe relation between the members of the pair of complementary antonyms can be best represented in the following diagram: 2) Gradable antonymy refers to the relation between two words that the two words in question are the two extremes between which different degrees of grades can be distinguished. See more examples as the following:good vs. bad; fat vs. skinny; wide vs. narrow; fast vs. slowMany pairs of gradable antonyms contain one marked term and one unmarked, e.g. old/young, heavy/light, fast/slow where the second term is more restricted in distribution than the first. The relation between members of the pair of gradable antonymy can be represented in the following way: 3) Relational antonymy refers to the relation between the two items do not constitute a positive-negative opposition, and the existence of one of the pair presupposes the existence of the other, or one of them cannot be used without suggesting the other. See more examples as the following:e.g. predecessor vs. successor; parent vs. child; teacher vs. student lend vs. borrow; employer vs. employee; buy vs. sell第52题,【问答题】Make an account of the mechanisms of semantic change.正确答案:There are altogether five mechanisms of meaning changes.1) Melioration, also known as amelioration or elevation of meaning, is the process whereby words with humble origins are gradually used in positive, or at least neutral contexts.e.g. knight: Anglo-Saxon origin, “a boy”, but through military and feudal associations, acquired the meaning of title of rank.2) pejoration or degradation is the process by which the meaning of words become negative or less favorable. Previously mentioned words such as silly, idiot, moron, imbecile, villain, churl and hussy are good cases in point for the illustration of pejoration. These words have been considered so offensive that they are hardly used in daily speeches.3) Generalization of meaning, also called extension, widening or broadening, refers to the extension of the word range, or the widening the semantic scope of words. It is one of the most common features in the history of words.e.g. noviceOriginally meant “a person admitted to a probationary membership in a religious community”, but today it refers generally to “a beginner”4) Specialization, also known as narrowing or restriction, the opposite of generalization, is the process whereby a word of wide meaning acquires a narrow or specialized sense. In other words, a word which used to have a more general sense becomes restricted in its application and conveys only a special concept in present-day English.The word girl, for example, was used to refer to any young person in Middle English but is restricted to young females from the Early Modern Period on. Specialization of meaning can also be observed in the word fowl, which is now usually restricted to “farmyard hen” with its old meaning of “bird” only retains in a few expressions like the fowls of the air and wild fowl.5) Subjectification is the process by which the meaning of a given word changes from relatively objective to increasingly subjective.e.g. very, originally, French word vrai meaning “true” or “real”; the very knight: true knightNowadays if we say that “Lexicology is very interesting”, we use the word very in a much more subjective sense because someone else may disagree with our personal evaluation.第53题,【翻译题】He was brainwashed into believing money made defines the means.正确答案:他被洗脑了，相信为了钱可以使用一切手段。第54题,【翻译题】Never offer to teach fish to swim.正确答案:不要班门弄斧。第55题,【翻译题】Be polite, but dont kowtow to him.正确答案:对他，你应以礼相待，但也没必要卑躬屈膝。第56题,【翻译题】Of course I will help her. Shes my flesh and blood.正确答案:我当然会帮助她。她是我的骨肉。第57题,【翻译题】I dont like him. He speaks with too many “ifs”, “ands” and “buts”.正确答案:我不喜欢他。说话时满口“假设”、“况且”和“但是”。第58题,【翻译题】I wont come out tonight. I am feeling out of sorts.正确答案:我今晚不会来啦。我感觉很不舒服。第59题,【翻译题】Tuhao and Dama are both old words, but they get different meanings now.正确答案:土豪和大妈都是老词，但现在都有了新的意义。第60题,【翻译题】Enough is as good as a feast.正确答案:知足常乐（饱食即珍馐）。第61题,【翻译题】The young are always anxious at mans estate.正确答案:年轻人总是急切地盼望着长大。第62题,【翻译题】Her unladylikeness surprised all people in the ball.正确答案:在舞会上，她毫无淑女风度，令所有人震惊。第63题,In the 19th century, gold was first _ in California.A.incoveredB.recoveredC.uncoveredD.discovered正确答案:D第64题,“lose face” is a(n) _.A.semantic loanB.denizenC.alienD.translation loan正确答案:D第65题,The United Nations has appealed for help from the _ community.A.A.within-nationalB.intra-nationalC.internationalD.in-national正确答案:C第66题,Come on! Cheer up! Dont just sit here as stiff as a _.A.pokerB.patientC.queenD.king正确答案:A第67题,You were not seriously injured. Dont make a _ out of a _.A.mountain, molehillB.mount, molehillC.hill, molehillD.molehill, mountain正确答案:A第68题,Which of the following words is INCORROCT in word formation?A.unhorseB.unhappyC.unmannedD.unfrost正确答案:D第69题,The figure of speech employed in “My father is a sanitary engineer” is _.A.hyperboleB.metonymyC.litotesD.euphemism正确答案:D第70题,After a meal in a restaurant, you ask the waiter for the _.A.noteB.receiptC.billD.menu正确答案:C第71题,Words with such clusters as “ch”, “ph”, “pn”, “rh” as in chasm, phone, pneumatic and rhetoric are most probably of _ origin.A.GermanB.ChineseC.GreekD.Latin正确答案:D第72题,If they _ our offer, we will _ their goods.A.refuse, rejectB.reject, refuseC.reject, rejectD.refuse, refuse正确答案:A第73题,We eventually ran out of patience with his _ behaviour.A.childishB.childlikeC.childD.childy正确答案:A第74题,He was _ of having asked such a silly question.A.miserableB.guiltyC.sorryD.ashamed正确答案:D第75题,I took only a _ of beans with me and left.A.handB.handfulC.handyD.handed正确答案:B第76题,The missiles missed their _, so the research group did not reach its _.A.target, targetB.goal, goalC.goal, targetD.target, goal正确答案:D第77题,Contrary _ public opinion, this area has long been a heaven for all forms of insect life.A.forB.withC.toD.at正确答案:C第78题,No new ideas _ from the meeting.A.mergedB.submergedC.emergedD.immerged正确答案:C第79题,Which of the following words has gone through the semantic change of subjectification?A.cornB.gossipC.maidD.very正确答案:D第80题,Having lost the match, the team went home in _ spirits.A.D.darkB.deepC.lowD.empty正确答案:C第81题,The Old English word stn means _ in modern English.A.staligB.stoleC.stainD.stone正确答案:D第82题,After his recovery from illness, he _ his former position.A.C.presumedB.resumedC.assumedD.consumed正确答案:B第83题,In “Elizabeth could hear voices through the open door”, the word door means _.A.the moveable barrier in the entrance to a building, room, cupboard, car, etc.B.the channel to a certain placeC.None of the aboveD.the panel board正确答案:A第84题,Among the synonymous group, old man, daddy, dad, father and male parent, _ would most probably used by a lawyer in the court.A.B.male parentB.fatherC.old manD.dad正确答案:A第85题,Which of the following usually appears in poems?A.nagB.steedC.horseD.gee-gee正确答案:A第86题,The main characters in the novel seem so true to life, but actually, they are entirely _.A.imaginativeB.imaginedC.imaginableD.imaginary正确答案:D第87题,Mrs. Smith is afraid that she and her husband dont see _ on New Year Resolutions.A.eye to eyeB.heart to heartC.face to faceD.back to back正确答案:A第88题,Many words in English vocabulary are compositional.A.A.B.B.正确答案:A第89题,In the Middle English period, English lost most of its inflections.A.A.B.B.正确答案:A第90题,deer originally refers to a wild animal of any kind.A.A.B.B.正确答案:A第91题,Latin element was first brought into English by Germanic tribes.A.A.B.B.正确答案:B第92题,time and tide used to be synonymous to each other.A.A.B.B.正确答案:A第93题,VIP is an acronym, formed by taking the first letters of a series of words and pronounced as a single word.A.A.B.B.正确答案:B第94题,London dialect began to spread as Standard English in the Middle English period.A.A.B.B.正确答案:A第95题,Among apple, Fuji apple, fruit and food, fruit is the basic level category and the rest are the subordinate categories.A.A.B.B.正确答案:B第96题,Farewell is shortened from Fare thee well.A.A.B.B.正确答案:A第97题,Comparatively speaking, ask is more formal than interrogate.A.A.B.B.正确答案:B第98题,The meanings of a word form a network in which each meaning enjoys the same status.A.A.B.B.正确答案:B第99题,house is the superordinate of wall, roof, floor, etc.A.A.B.B.正确答案:B第100题,“Just a second!” is a case of litotes (understatement).A.A.B.B.正确答案:A第101题,fall, meaning Autumn, is converted from the verb fall which means “drop or come down under the influence gravity”.A.A.B.B.正确答案:B第102题,In the sentence, “I presume that you are Dr. Livingstone”, presume can be replaced by “suppose”.A.A.B.B.正确答案:A第103题,air-conditioner is a word derived from adding er to air-condition.A.A.B.B.正确答案:B第104题,A word, car for example, may mean differently to different people.A.A.B.B.正确答案:A第105题,Compared with horse, gee-gee is stylistically more formal.A.A.B.B.正确答案:B第106题,Words with peculiar clusters, such as “ch”, “ph”, “pn”, “rh”, “ism”, “ize” etc. are most probably Greek in origin.A.A.B.B.正确答案:A第107题,Conventionally, native element of English vocabulary refers to the words of Anglo-Saxon Origin.A.A.B.B.正确答案:A第108题,alien正确答案:alien: Alien refer to a word borrowed from a foreign lan