过去分词第二课时.ppt

M 5 Unit 3 Grammar and usage 过去分词 the second period,Step 1: Revision,规则动词的过去分词是由“动词原形+ed”构成，不规则动词的过去分词参见不规则动词变化表.过去分词在功能上具有形容词或副词的特点。,过去分词的一般式,done,一.过去分词的形式,Please identify the parts of speech(词性) of the verb-ed form in different sentences.,1) The handwritten notes are from Jack.,2) The kidnappers were using a stolen car.,3) A dark-haired man went into the room.,adjective,4) The cake was left untouched on the table.,5) The girl lay trapped under the wreckage (船舶残骸).,adverb,Step 1: Revision,二. 过去分词的意义: 既具有被动意义,又有动作已经完成结束之意.,Look at the fallen leaves .Oh, there are still falling leaves over there.,The bird caught yesterday is a swallow.,昨天_那只鸟是只燕子.,被抓住的,看看这些_.哦,那边还有树叶_.,落叶,正在落,passive,past,the escaped criminal 逃犯,past,the developed countries 发达国家,past,a widely used language,passive,the retired scientist,past,the highly praised scientist,passive,fallen leaves 落叶,past,the risen sun 升起的太阳,past,the exploited classes 被剥削阶级,passive,Verb-ed form can be used like an adjective or an adverb in a sentence serving as(充当) attribute(定语), predicative(表语) and object complement(宾语补足语) When the verb-ed form is used as an attribute, it can be changed into an attributive clause.,三. 过去分词的常见用法:,a. The _ (手写的)notes are from Jack. b. The kidnappers were using a_ (偷来的) car. c. We should drink _(煮沸的)water. d. They took the _ (受伤的)woman to the nearby hospital at once.,stolen,handwritten,boiled,injured,Fill in the blanks using verb-ed forms.,Can you change them into attributive clauses?,a so-called professor,homemade pizza,a well-accepted idea,a highly-respected professor,a well-paid job,一个所谓的教授,自制的比萨饼,广泛接受的想法,极受尊重的教授,报酬颇丰的工作,underdeveloped regions,不发达地区,handmade furniture,手工制作的家具,A verb-ed can be part of a compound(复合词) with an adverb or a noun before it.,1. Dont use words, expressions, or phrases _ only to people with specific knowledge. A. being known B. having been known C. to be known D. known 2. The first textbooks _ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century. A. having written B. to be written C. being written D. written,典型例题,Prices of daily goods _ through a computer can be lower than store prices. （ 2002 北京春） A. are bought B. bought C. been bought D. buying 解析：B 。空白处填入 bought，bought through a computer为过去分词短语作定语，它相当于定语从句“ which are bought ”。,高考真题,So far nobody has claimed the money in the library. （2010湖南） A. discovered B. to be discovered C. discovering D. having discovered 答案：A 解析：该空在句中作后置定语修饰the money，根据the money与discover的被动关系，排除C、D两项。B项表示的是“将要被发现”的意思，根据句意可判断选A项。,高考真题,The players _ from the whole country are expected to bring us honor in this summer game. (2011湖南) A. selecting B. to select C. selected D. having selected 解析：分析句子结构可知，“_ from the whole country”是分词短语作后置定语修饰the players，再结合语境可知此处表示“被挑选出来的”，故用过去分词短语作后置定语，故答案为C。,高考真题,As we joined the big crowd I got _ from my friends. （ NMET 2001 ） A. separated B. spared C. lost D. missed 解析：A。此题中的got + separated表示状态， separated 为过去分词作表语。get/ be separated 常与 from 连用，故答案为 A 。,高考真题,In April, thousands of holidaymakers remained _ abroad due to the volcanic ash cloud. （2010福建） A. sticking B. stuck C. to be stuck D. to have stuck 答案：B 解析：remain做系动词时，后面常接过去分词作表语。,高考真题,1. The pilot asked all the passengers on board to remain _ as the plane was making a landing. A. seat B. seating C. seated D. to be seating 2. - Im very _ with my own cooking. It looks nice and smells delicious. - Mm. It does have a _ smell. A. pleasant; pleased B. pleased; pleased C. pleasant; pleasant D. pleased; pleasant,典型例题,Lucy has a great sense of humor and always keeps her colleagues _ with her stories. （2010上海） A. amused B. amusing C. to amuse D. to be amused 答案：A 解析：keep+sb. /sth. +done, 根据句意，sb.与它后面的动词成被动关系，故选A。,高考真题,Alexander tried to get his work _ in the medical circles. （2010辽宁） A. to recognize B. recognizing C. recognize D. recognized 答案：D 解析：宾语work和recognize之间存在被动关系，所以用过去分词作宾语补足语。,高考真题,A verb-ed phrase is actually a verb-ed followed by an object or /and adverbial. The verb-ed phrases can be used as the adverbial(状语) to express the time, the reason and condition.,The usage of verb-ed phrases,过去分词短语作状语表示时间,Seen from the top of the hill, the city looks more beautiful. （过去分词短语Seen from the top of the hill用来表示时间，表示与主句动作同时发生） = When the city is seen from the top of the hill, the city looks more beautiful.,When completed, the museum will be open to the public.,When it is completed, the museum will be open to the public.,Once seen, it can never be forgotten.,Once it is seen, it can never be forgotten.,_ with the size of the whole earth, the biggest ocean does not seem big at all. （2004湖北） A. Compare B. When comparing C. Comparing D. When compared 解析：从句的主语是the biggest ocean，从句相当于一个时间状语从句，可以变化为：when the biggest ocean is compared with the size of the whole earth。所以应该选D。,高考真题,过去分词短语作状语表示原因,Shocked by the article, the woman wrote a letter to the newspaper. （过去分词短语shocked by the article用来表示主句中动作的原因，可以和because引导原因状语从句互换） = The woman wrote a letter to the newspaper because she was shocked by the article.,Frightened by the thunder and lightning in the night, the girl did not dare sleep alone in her own room.,Because she was frightened by the thunder and lightning in the night, the girl did not dare sleep alone in her own room.,Lost in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him.,Because he was lost in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him.,_ for the breakdown of the school computer network, Alice was in low spirits. (2006福建卷) A. Blaming B. Blamed C. To blame D. To be blamed 解析：句子主语Alice与blame为被动关系，故用过去分词。其中过去分词短语blamed for the computer network表示原因，相当于because she was blamed for the computer network。,高考真题,过去分词短语作状语表示条件,Treated with electricity, the cell tissue will split into 分成=divide into several parts. （过去分词短语treated with electricity表示主句中动作实现的条件，可以和if 引导的条件状语从句互换） = If it is treated with electricity, the cell tissue will split into several parts.,Given more time, we could do it much better.,If we were given more time, we could do it much better.,Unless invited to speak, you should remain silent at the conference.,Unless you are invited to speak, you should remain silent at the conference.,Compared with other professors, she was an excellent speaker.,(= If she was compared with other professors.),_ into English, the sentence was found to have an entirely different word order. (2011天津) A. Translating B. Translated C. To translate D. Having translated 解析：句子的主语the sentence与translate之间为逻辑上的被动关系，所以用过去分词。句子意思是“如果翻译成英语，就会发现这个句子有完全不同的语序。”,高考真题,过去分词短语表示伴随情况或方式,The trainer appeared, followed by six little dogs. He walked up and down the room, lost in thought. Filled with extraordinary strength, he raised himself.,A verb-ed can be used after verbs like stand, sit and lie to show that the two actions are happening at the same time.,The girl lay in bed lost in thought.,The girl lay in bed and was lost in thought.,The boy sat at the table buried in his homework.,The boy sat at the table and was buried in his homework.,通常情况下，过去分词的逻辑主语和句子的主语一致。 The scientist has copied a human cell, assisted by recent advances in medical science. （过去分词assisted的逻辑主语即句子的主语the scientist）,过去分词的 Understood subject (逻辑主语 ),Shocked by the article, the woman wrote a letter to the newspaper. （过去分词shocked的逻辑主语即句子的主语the woman） Treated with electricity, the cell tissue will split into several parts. （过去分词treated的逻辑主语即句子的主语the cell tissue）,Vivien got her fingers trapped in the bicycle chain.,(trapped的逻辑主语是句子的宾语fingers),The valuable vase was found stolen.,(stolen的逻辑主语是句子的主语vase),We got home only to find the whole house turned upside down. Thieves obviously had broken in.,( turned up side down的逻辑主语是句子的宾语house),The murderer was brought in, with his hands _ behind his back.（2006全国） A. being tied B. having tied C. to be tied D. tied 解析： 句意是：他被押进来，手被人绑在身后。相当于：, with his hands which was tied behind his back.。 所以应该选D。,高考真题,a. The cake was left _(没有动)on the table. b. The girl lay in bed _ (陷入) in thought. c. The boy sat at the table _ (埋头于) in his homework.,untouched,lost,buried,充当形容词的现在分词和过去分词的区别,现在分词常用来表示某人或某物引起的某种情绪，在语义上表示主动的关系。 I noticed an amazing difference. （现在分词amazing修饰名词difference，相当于形容词，在与以上表示主动的关系，意为“令人惊奇的”）,Some people find it exciting that they could make copies of themselves in the future. （现在分词exciting对宾语加以补充说明，形式宾语it指代从句that they could make copies of themselves in the future，在语义上表示主动的关系，意为“令人感到兴奋的”）,2. 过去分词常用来表示某人对于某人或某物的情绪体验，在语义上表示被动的关系。 I was surprised to learn that they had copied a human cell. （过去分词surprised相当于形容词，用来说明主语I 对于they had copied a human cell的情绪体验，在语义上表示被动的关系，意为“使感到吃惊的”）,The boy was more frightened than hurt. （过去分词frightened 和hurt相当于形容词，用来说明主语the boy的情绪体验，在语义上表示被动的关系，意为“受惊的”和“使受到伤害的”）,Key to Exercise A,2. Encouraged by her teachers, Rose did well at school.,3. Inspired by his grandfather, the child wrote more poems.,4. Bored with the game, the dog will not play it any more.,People have always been _(interesting/ interested) in finding out about world records. 2. Jack went to visit the two brothers and found that their knowledge was _(amazing/amazed).,Choose the correct answer.,interested,amazing,3. After having been told several times, Mr. Smith still felt _(puzzled/ puzzling). 4. The film “Pearl Harbor” is really _(exciting/excited). 5. His response to the question was quite _(disappointed/ disappointing).,puzzled,exciting,disappointing,Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the verb for the conversation.,Yes, Dad. Im totally_ (burn) out.,Why? What have you been doing?,Hi, Linda, you look _ (tire).,tired,burnt,Thats _ (disappoint). I think youll be (please) _ when its finished.,disappointing,pleased,But I still have plenty of work to do. School is too _ (challenge),challenging,Ive been doing my homework all day. Im getting very_ (bore) with it.,bored,Dont worry. Just think of how _ (relax) youll be when its finished.,When do you think youll finish your homework?,In about two hours, I think.,relaxed,Thank you!,P49 A B,1.prove,vt.证明,证实,prove sth.,prove that,prove oneself (to be) +adj./n.,He proved himself to be a great scientist.,link-v.,prove (to be) +adj.,The method proved to be effective.,prove (to be)+adj.+ n.,He proved a successful manager.,prove to be + n.,2. figure,figure,1) n.身材,The girl has a good figure.,2) Cn. 画像，数字，图表,He has an income of six figure.,他有六位数的收入。,The figure on Page 22 shows a political map of Africa.,第22页的插图是非洲的政区图。,figure,3) 认为，考虑，计算,I figure it like this.,figure out,come to understand, calculate,Ive never been able to figure him out.,Have you figured out how much the holiday will cost?,3. the other day,the other day,all the day,day after day,day and night,不久前某天,整天,日复一日,日日夜夜,day by day,逐日,4. match,match,1) vt. 使较量，使比赛 (against/with),match ones strength with that of another,与另一人较量,2) vt. 敌得上，比得上,No one can match him in singing.,3) vt. 和相配，和相称,The picture matches the story.,match 多指大小,色调,形状,性质方面的搭配,suit 多指合乎需要,口味,性格,条件,地位等,fit 多指大小,形状合适,1) We must find carpets thatll _the curtains.,2) The new coat _ me well.,3) No one can _ her in knowledge of classical music.,4) He _ his speech to his audience.,match,fits,match,suited,5. behave,behave,1) vi. 举动，举止，表现,The new fighters behaved bravely under fire.,新战士在炮火下表现得很勇敢。,2) vt. 使举止规矩,Behave yourself！,规矩点！,behavior n. 举止，行为,be on ones good behavior,举止规矩，行为检点,6. cautious,cautious adj. 细心的，谨慎的,The students are cautious not to make any mistakes in spelling.,学生们在拼写时非常小心，以避免发生错误。,be cautious of,look out for 留心，谨防,7. judgement,judgement,1) C/Un. 审判，判决,The judgement is against her.,那项判决对她不利。,2) Un. 判断力,a man of weak judgement,判断力差的人,3) Cn.意见，看法，评价,In my judgement, we should accept his offer.,依我看,我们应接受他的建议。,pass judgement on/upon “对下判决；判断”,make a judgement on,对作出判断,in sbs judgement,依某人看来,8. upset,upset,1) adj. 难受的，不安的，心烦的,I know you are upset that they are leaving.,我知道他们要走你很难受。,2) vt. 使心烦，使难受,Tell me first what has upset you so much.,先告诉我，什么使你这样心烦。,upset,3) vt. 打翻，打乱，打破,If the mine goes off, it will upset our whole battle plan.,如果这颗地雷爆炸，就会打乱我们整个作战计划。,9. cost,cost,1) n. 成本，费用,reduce the production cost,降低生产成本,the cost of living,生活费用,2) n. 代价,at all costs,不惜任何代价,at the cost of,以为代价,3) vt. 使失去(生命,健康等),His carelessness cost him his life.,即时训练,They sat still in the room _. A. drawing the curtains B. with the curtains drawing C. with the curtains drawn D. with the curtains being drawn,C,2. _, the old man had no money to buy even a bus ticket. A. His wallet being stolen B. His wallet stealing C. His wallet stolen D. With his wallet stolen,D,3. Friendship is like money: easier made than _ . A. kept B. to be kept C. keeping D. being kept,A,4. Unless _ to speak, you should remain silent at the conference. A. invited B. inviting C. being invited D. having invited,A,5. Though _ money, his parents managed to send him to university. A. lacked B. lacking of C. lacking D. lacked in,C,6. With a lot of difficult problems _, the newly-elected president is having a hard time. A. settled B. settling C. to settle D. being settled,C,7. The lady said she would buy a gift for her daughter with the _. A. 20 dollars remained B. 20 dollars to remain C. remained 20 dollars D. remaining 20 dollars,D,1. It shames me to say it, but I told a lie when _ at the meeting by my boss. A. questioning B. have questioned C. questioned D. to be questioned,C,2. You should understand the traffic rule by now. Youve had it _ often enough. A. explaining B. to explain C.