地理信息系统论文：基于遥感和GIS的泸定县生态地质环境质量评价

地理信息系统论文：基于遥感和GIS的泸定县生态地质环境质量评价【中文摘要】泸定县地处川西高原与四川盆地过渡地带,属于高山峡谷地貌,生态环境脆弱,一旦破坏将很难恢复。区内主要以发展农业、林业、牧业为主,近年来由于人为的过度农垦、砍伐及放牧,使得研究区地质灾害频发,因此进行生态地质环境评价,将为农业、林业和土地资源的合理开发利用提供科学决策依据。本文以地理信息系统技术作为管理地质环境空间数据和空间分析的手段,利用遥感数据提取相关生态环境信息,应用地理学、地质学、生态学等多学科知识,结合生态地质环境评价理论和方法进行评价,取得研究成果包括：(1)通过对研究区地形地貌数据、水文数据、降水数据、地层岩性、地质构造数据、地质灾害、土壤数据及ETM遥感影像等多源数据的分析并通过地理信息系统技术将其统一到同一坐标系下,在此基础上提取高程、坡度、流域分布及土壤等环境信息。(2)在分析泸定县地质环境概况的基础上,揭示出泸定县主要的生态环境地质问题,并对地质灾害、水土流失、地震活动等地质环境问题及其产生的环境效应进行分析,并在此基础上进行生态地质环境的现状评价。(3)运用生态地质环境评价的基本原理,借鉴前人在生态地质环境评级的成功经验,结合泸定县生态地质环境实际情况,将泸定县生态地质环境类型分为农业生态地质环境和森林生态地质环境,优选出评价因子,分别建立相对应的评价指标体系,运用层次分析法计算两种生态地质环境的指标因子权重,建立模糊综合判别模型,分区进行定量评价。(4)根据生态地质环境定量评价结果,结合沪定县地形地貌、气候分异特征及农业经济活动的分布特征,相应划定评价亚区,并对各个亚区进行生态地质环境质量的综合评价。【英文摘要】LuDing County, which is located in the transition zone between western Sichuan plateau and Sichuan Basin, belongs to high canyon landscape. And it mainly develops agriculture, forestry and animal husbandry. In the recent years, geological disasters have occurred very often because of over-agricultural reclamation, over cut and herding. So the ecological environment becomes so weak that it will be very hard to recover if it is destroyed. At present, the geological environment evaluation will be the basis of making scientific decision on exploiting agriculture,forestry and land-resource.First, the thesis regards GIS as a method to manage environmental geology space database and Spatial Analysis. Second, it picks up some environmental data by using remote sensing data. Thirdly, it uses multidisciplinary knowledge, such as geography, geology and ecology and combines evaluation theory and method of Ecological and geological environment to evaluate. The achievements obtained are below:(1) Basing on analyzing multi data of topography, hydrology, geological structure and precipitation, formation litho logy as well as geological disasters, soil and ETM remote sensing image, and unifying them under the same coordinate system by using GIS, geological environment information, such as heights, grades, basin distribution and soil will be collected.(2) Basing on analyzing the general situation of geological environment, the main Ecological environment geology problems will be revealed in LuDing County. And environmental effect caused by environment geology problems, such as geological disaster, soil erosion, and seismic activity are analyzed and present evaluation of Ecological geological environment will be made. (3) Using the ultimate principles of evaluating Ecological geological environment and taking successful experiences of Ecological geological environment ratings done by predecessors as examples, combining the actual situation of ecological geological environment of LuDing county, the patterns of Ecological geological environment can be divided into agriculture and forestry respectively. Select evaluate factors, whose system of evaluation are built respectively, and use AHP to calculate the weights of the two patterns of Ecological geological environment and build a fuzzy comprehensive estimation model and carry on quantitative evaluation in every zone.(4) According to the result of quantitative evaluation on ecological geological environment, and combining with topography, climate differentiation characteristics and distribution characteristics of agricultural economic activities, evaluation sub regions, whose Ecological geological environment qualities are evaluated, are delimited relevantly.【关键词】地理信息系统 遥感 生态地质环境质量评价 泸定县【英文关键词】Geographic Information System Remote Sensing Assessment of Eco-geological Environment LuDing【目录】基于遥感和GIS的泸定县生态地质环境质量评价摘要4-5Abstract5-6目录7-9第1章 绪论9-171.1 选题依据与研究意义91.2 研究现状与发展趋势9-151.2.1 生态环境地质理论研究现状9-111.2.2 生态环境地质调查研究现状11-131.2.3 生态地质环境评价研究现状13-151.3 研究内容与技术路线15-17第2章 泸定县生态地质环境概况17-362.1 自然地理17-202.1.1 地形地貌17-182.1.2 气候特征18-192.1.3 水文特征19-202.2 地层岩性与岩土体工程地质特征20-252.2.1 地层岩性20-232.2.2 岩土体工程地质特征23-252.3 区域地质构造25-282.3.1 地质构造25-272.3.2 新构造运动与地震27-282.4 水文地质条件28-292.5 土地资源29-332.5.1 土地资源构成29-302.5.2 土地资源利用现状30-312.5.3 土地资源开发规划31-332.6 矿产资源33-352.6.1 矿产资源构成33-342.6.2 矿产资源开发利用现状342.6.3 矿产资源开发规划34-352.7 生物资源352.8 旅游资源35-36第3章 遥感和GIS技术提取生态环境信息36-463.1 高程信息提取363.2 坡度坡向信息提取36-393.3 流域分割39-413.4 降雨信息提取41-433.5 土壤信息提取433.6 植被覆盖度信息提取43-46第4章 泸定县生态环境现状分析46-654.1 景观生态学分析46-514.1.1 土地利用景观分类464.1.2 土地利用景观空间分异规律分析46-494.1.3 景观格局对环境影响分析49-514.2 水土流失分析51-594.2.1 水土流失概述514.2.2 评价模型的选择51-524.2.3 评价因子提取52-564.2.4 水土流失分级评价56-584.2.5 水土流失分布特征58-594.2.6 水土流失的生态环境效应分析594.3 地震及其次生环境效应59-614.3.1 地震活动及其分布特征59-614.3.2 地震次生环境效应614.4 地质灾害生态环境效应分析61-654.4.1 地质灾害分布特征61-634.4.2 地质灾害生态环境效应分析63-65第5章 泸定县生态地质环境质量评价65-865.1 生态地质环境质量现状评价65-695.1.1 大渡河河谷生态地质环境质量现状6