同位语从句专项练习.ppt

Language Study,Lets Think: Whats the function（作用）of the part in blue in the story?,Tom overslept and was late for class this morning. His teacher, Mr. Green ,asked him why. Tom was nervous and answered, “II have no idea when the class starts.” “My boy, you know, the fact that you are late is not a problem. The problem is you are not being honest!” said Mr. Green .Tom blushed（脸红） and hang his head. Then Mr. Green made him a suggestion, that is , to use two or three alarm clocks to wake himself up.,同位语(Appositive),定义：一个名词或代词后面有时可以跟一个名词（或起类似作用的其他形式），进一步说明它指的是谁，是什么等，那么这个部分就叫做同位语。,一、单词作同位语,We Chinese are brave and hardworking. You three take these seats. We both come from Hunan. He himself told me that his brother John is a world- famous doctor.,二、短语作同位语,1.名词短语作同位语 Mr. Smith, our new teacher, is very kind to us. 2.不定式作同位语 It was formed for this reason, to make people more literate. 3.分词短语作同位语 His greatest interest in life, playing football ,has brought him many friends. 4.形容词短语作同位语 People, old and young, ran to the streets to watch the parade.,三、 句子作同位语,某些名词后面，可以跟用来对它作进一步解释的主谓结构，这个部分就称为同位语从句。引导从句的连接词通常有that , when, where, why, whether, how等.例如： His failure was due to the fact that he had not practiced for a long time. This is the reason why she will not attend the meeting I have no impression how he went home.,四、区别同位语从句和定语从句,1从句意义 试比较： I heard the news that our team had won 我听到我们球队获胜的消息。 The news that he told me is not true. 他告诉我的那个消息不是真的。 同位语从句和前面的名词是同位关系,作用相当于名词 , 用来进一步解释或补充说明前面的名词,表示其实际内容 ;而定语从句相当于形容词, 用来说明该名词的性质或特征,对其起修饰或限定的作用。,2.引导词,同位语从句和定语从句共同的引导词主要有that，when，where，why。 试比较： He made a promise that he would never come late. The skirt （ that） Mary bought two years ago is old.,when, where, why引导同位语从句时，与先行词无逻辑关系，叫做连接副词，在从句中充当状语；而引导定语从句时，具有指代先行词的作用，叫做关系副词，在从句中充当状语，可以转换成“介词+关系代词”的形式。例如： We have no idea when she was born I will never forget the day when /on which I joined the army He put forward to the question where the meeting would be held This is the house where /in which I lived two years ago The teacher had no idea why Jack was absent This is the reason why /for which she will not attend the meeting,on the day,In the house,for the reason,3先行词 同位语从句的先行词只能是名词，而且仅限于idea，plan，fact，hope， promise，news，doubt，truth，suggestion， belief 等少数抽象名词。例如： The fact that he had not said anything surprised everybody She told us her hope that she would become a pianist. 而定语从句的先行词可以是名词,还可以是代词。例如： The plan that he raised was reasonable. Those who work hard will succeed,*同位语从句不一定紧跟在它说明的名词之后。例如： The order soon came that all the soldiers should go to the front. *同位语除表示其同位成分的全部意义外,还可以表示部分意义。例如： He is interested in sports, especially ball games. *有时，在同位语前会出现引出同位关系的标识语，通常有namely 、or rather 、that is ( to say ) 、in other words 、 for example等。例如： They visited many cities, for example, Paris and Washin