2018_2019学年高中英语Module5CloningSectionⅠReading.docx

Section Reading（Introduction & Reading）阅读障碍词effectively adv.有效地 ripe adj.成熟的 pavev为铺路 provev证明 rescuev拯救sterile adj.不能生育的fecundity n生育能力Some animals that have been clonedCloning has always been with us and is here to stay. Scientists have been effectively cloning animals since the early 1960s. An Asian carp was cloned successfully in 1963. Dolly saw the light of day in 1997. She lived until the age of six. The first cloned mammal, Dolly is considered to be a great success. Later, several hundred other Dollies were cloned. However, it lived for only 6 years, half the length of the life of the original sheep. Cloned in Hawaii in 2000, the first successful mouse clone was born. She lived until the ripe old age of two years and seven months, a victory for her researchers. Cloned in Japan in 1998, the cows paved the way for other clones designed to produce better meat and milk. In 2000, the successful cloning of Ombretta the Mouflon, an endangered animal, proved how cloning could rescue a species from the brink of extinction. The monkey and the pig also received their first clone separately in 2000. In the next two years, scientists cloned rabbits, cats and rats. Mules are sterile.A mule was cloned in 2003. It is the first animal which lacks fecundity to be cloned.Though cloning is controversial, nothing can hold back the development of technology.Match the word with its meaning.1terrify A追逐，追赶，追踪2chase B害怕，恐惧3disgust C呼吸4emotion D使惊恐，使受惊吓5murder E拒绝6refuse F对照7breathe G谋杀8contrast H冲，猛冲9rush I使觉得恶心；使厌烦10fear J感情；情绪答案：15DAIJG610ECFHB.Write down the meaning of phrases in each sentence.1The cold weather contrasts with last weeks heat. 与形成对照2I was struck with amazement as I saw the great ship for the first time. 第一次3Teachers, like a candle, burn out themselves to give light to others. 燃尽，烧完自灭4She wanted to cry out, but she couldnt make a sound. 发出声音5When leaving the airport she waved again and again to us. 一再，屡次6I threw myself on the bed and fell asleep immediately I got home. 扑倒在上1Look at this photo. What is it? Could you tell the class something about this photo?It is the photo of Dolly the sheep (19962003)Dolly became a scientific sensation when her birth was announced in 1997.Her relatively early death in February 2003 fuels the debate about the ethics of cloning research and the longterm health of clones.2What are your opinions of cloning?Cloning has some advantages we can make use of. For example, we can clone some organs used for curing some serious illnesses or we can clone some animals which have died out. However, I think cloning humans is unacceptable because it can bring about many unexpected problems.FastreadingMatch the following parts with their main ideas.Part 1AHow the scientist felt when he saw the ugly creature he created.Part 2 BThe main plot of Frankenstein.答案：Part 1BPart 2A.CarefulreadingChoose the best answer according to the text.1Why could Frankenstein create the monster?ABecause he wanted to prove his ability.BBecause he had some magical power.CBecause he wanted to make more money.DBecause he discovered the secret of how to create life.2Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?AThe monster hated all the people around him because they all treated him badly.BThe monster could speak but didnt have human emotions.CThe monster died in the ice and snow in the end.DThe monster chased the scientist to the Arctic.3Which word can be used to describe the scientists feeling after seeing the monster?AExcited.BRegretful.CSatisfied. DAstonished.4Why did Frankenstein wake shaking with fear?ABecause he had terrible dreams.BBecause the monster kept touching him.CBecause the monster kept talking to him.DBecause he saw his dead wife.5How did Frankenstein like his creation?AIt was a success.BIt was a failure.CIt was a wonder.DIt was a small achievement.答案：15DCBAB.StudyreadingAnalyze the difficult sentences in the text.1The creature, which is very large and strong, and is also extremely ugly, terrifies anyone who sees it.句式分析尝试翻译这个怪物异乎寻常地高大强壮，并且极其丑陋，任何人见了它都感到害怕。2Feeling very anxious, I prepared the equipment that would give life to the thing that lay at my feet.句式分析尝试翻译它躺在我的脚边，我紧张不安地准备好赋予它生命的设备。阅读理解ALast spring, I worked in WashingtonDC. There I visited Fords Theater and looked at Abraham Lincolns impressive memorial (纪念碑)But at the National Museum of Health and Medicine, my nose could almost touch pieces of the man himself: a lock of his hair, pieces of his skull and a handkerchief with his blood on it. As I stood there, I wondered, “Could we clone Abraham Lincoln？”Since Dolly the sheep was cloned in 1996, scientists have cloned mammals from mice to mules, but weve never cloned a human. Maybe its a horrible desire, but if we ever decided to clone someone, I would vote for Abraham Lincoln.After Abraham Lincoln was shot, his doctors and friends collected bits of his skull and bloody pieces of cloth for autopsy (尸检). Locks of his hair were passed around like holy relics. Long before they knew about DNA, these pieces of Lincoln represented the essence (本质) of the man.While we do have his genes, we probably dont have the entire DNA sequence needed for cloning. Sheryl Bernauer, lab supervisor for the DNA Sequencing Facility at UC Davis, said that when cells die over time, the DNA becomes less useful. The DNA in Lincolns 145yearold bloodstains and hair is probably futile for cloning. “The hair itself would be very hard to get the entire DNA sequence from unless you have a complete follicle (毛囊)，” Bernauer said. We dont have any of Lincolns follicles, so thats a nogo.Still, its interesting to think about how the development of cloning has changed the way we view human remains. Humans have always honored the dead, but now we know that in DNA at least part of the dead lives on.语篇解读：作者思考了我们是否可以克隆出Abraham Lincoln的问题，但目前来说条件不允许。1At the National Museum of Health and Medicine, the author _.Atouched pieces of Abraham LincolnBlooked at Abraham Lincolns memorialCwas asked about cloning Abraham LincolnDsaw something belonging to Abraham Lincolns body解析：选D细节理解题。根据第一段的“But at the National Museum of Health and Medicine .a lock of his hair, pieces of his skull and a handkerchief with his blood on it.”可知，作者在那里看到了一些林肯身上的东西。2Why were bits of Abraham Lincolns skull and bloody pieces of cloth collected?ATo remember him.BTo learn about his death.CTo store for cloning in the future.DTo be passed around like saintly relics.解析：选B推理判断题。根据第三段的“his doctors and friends collected bits of his skull and bloody pieces of cloth for autopsy (尸检)”可知，是为了了解Abraham Lincoln的死因。3What does the underlined word “futile” in Paragraph 4 mean?AUseless.BInteresting.CExciting. DNecessary.解析：选A词义猜测题。根据画线词后的“The hair itself would be very hard . a complete follicle (毛囊)”可知，该词是指那些血迹和头发里的DNA可能已经“没用”了。4Its implied in Paragraph 4 that a complete follicle_.Adoesnt have cells that die over timeBis in Abraham Lincolns remainsCdoesnt tell well about someones genesDhas ones entire DNA sequence解析：选D推理判断题。根据第四段的“The hair itself would be very hard to get the entire DNA sequence from unless you have a complete follicle”可知，完整的毛囊里面有完整的基因序列。BIf you want to stay young, sit down and have a good think. This is the research finding of a team of Japanese doctors, who say that most of our brains are not getting enough exercise and as a result, we are ageing unnecessarily soon.Professor Taiju Matsuzawa wanted to find out why otherwise healthy farmers in northern Japan appeared to be losing their ability to think and reason at a relatively early age, and how the process of ageing could be slowed down. With a team of colleagues at Tokyo National University, he set about measuring brain volumes of a thousand people of different ages and varying occupations. Computer technology enabled the researchers to obtain precise measurements of the volume of the front and side sections of the brain, which relate to intellect (智力) and emotion, and determine the human character. (The rear section of the brain, which controls functions like eating and breathing, does not contract with age, and one can continue living without intellectual or emotional faculties.) Contraction of front and side parts as cells die off was observed in some subjects in their thirties, but it was still not evident in some sixtyyearolds and seventyyearolds. Matsuzawa concluded from his tests that there is a simple remedy to the contraction normally associated with age using the head. The findings show in general terms that contraction of the brain begins sooner in people in the country than in the towns. Those least at risk, says Matsuzawa, are lawyers, followed by university professors and doctors. White collar workers doing routine work in government offices are, however, as likely to have shrinking brains as the farm workers, bus drivers and shop assistants. Matsuzawas findings show that thinking can prevent the brain from shrinking. Blood must circulate properly in the head to supply the fresh oxygen the brain cells need. “The best way to maintain good blood circulation is through using the brain，” he says, “Think hard and engage in conversation. Dont rely on pocket calculators.”语篇解读：一项研究表明多思考、多用脑会让人老得慢一些。5The team of doctors wanted to find out _.Awhy certain people age sooner than othersBhow to make people live longer Cthe size of certain peoples brains Dwhich people are most intelligent解析：选A细节理解题。由第二段可知医生们想要弄清楚为什么一些人比其他人老得更快。6On what are their research findings based?AA survey of farmers in northern Japan.BTests performed on a thousand old people.CThe study of brain volumes of different people.DThe latest development of computer technology.解析：选C细节理解题。由第三段“. he set about measuring brain volumes of a thousand people of different ages and varying occupations.”可知选C。7The doctors test shows that _.Aour brains shrink as we grow olderBthe front section of the brain does not shrinkCsixtyyearolds have better brains than thirtyyearoldsDsome peoples brains have contracted more than other peoples解析：选D细节理解题。由倒数第二段“The findings show in general terms that contraction of the brain begins sooner in people in the country than in the towns.”可知医生们的测试发现，一般而言，乡下人比城市里的人的大脑萎缩得更早。故选D。8The word “subjects” in Paragraph 5 means “_”Asomething to be consideredBbranches of knowledge studiedCpersons chosen to be studied in an experimentDany member of a state except the supreme ruler解析：选C词义猜测题。由画线词后的“.but it was still not evident in some sixtyyearolds and seventyyearolds.”可知“subjects”指的是被选入实验做研究的人。故选C。C The Hall of Presidents is about to get terrible, at least if Disneys researchers get their way.Thats because theyre face cloning people at a laboratory in Zurich in order to create the most realistic animatronic (电子动物的) characters ever made.First of all, yes, Disney has a laboratory in Zurich.Its one of the six around the world where the company researches things like computer pictures, 3D technology and, I can only imagine, how to absorb money out of your pocket at most when you visit Disneyworld. What does physical face cloning involve? Researchers used video cameras to catch several expressions on a subjects face, recreating them in 3D computer models down to individual wrinkles and facial hair.They then experimented with different thicknesses of silicone (硅树脂) for each part of the face until they could create an example for the perfect synthetic (合成的) skin. They put that silicone skin on a 3Dprinted model of the subjects head to create their very own replica. As the authors of the study point out, its not all that different from creating a 3D model for a Pixar movie, except that in real life you have to worry about things like materials and the motors that make the face change expressions. The plan is to develop a complete process for making the physical reproduction (复制品) of a human face on animatronics equipment, meaning all youll have to do in the future is record a persons face and the computer will do the rest. This is a different process than the one used to make the famous Geminoid robots from Osaka University, whose skin is individually made by artists through experiments and mistakes. In order to give the researchers more degrees of freedom in copying facial expressions, the next step is to develop more advanced equipment and multilayered synthetic skin. That means next time you go on the Pirates of the Caribbean ride, dont be surprised to see a terrifyingly realistic Johnny Deppbot playing with an appropriately deadeyed Orlando Bloom.语篇解读：本文主要介绍了当今克隆面部表情的一些信息。9According to the passage, Disneys laboratory researchers are able to _.Aclone people freelyBcreate the real animalsCdevelop computer technologyDmake visitors spend more money解析：选D推理判断题。根据第一段中的“.I can only imagine, how to absorb money out of your pocket at most when you visit Disneyworld.”可知，“我”能想象到当你参观迪斯尼世界的时候，迪斯尼会从你的口袋里最大限度地捞钱。由此可推出，迪斯尼的研究者们可以让游客进入迪斯尼世界后最大限度地掏钱消费。10What equipment do researchers need to start their “face cloning”？AVideo phones and 3Dfilms.BVideo cameras and 3D computer models.C3D TVs and Video cameras.DComputers and 3D TVs.解析：选B细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Researchers used video cameras to catch several expressions on a subjects face, recreating them in 3D computer models down to individual wrinkles and facial hair.”可知，研究人员利用摄影机来捕捉一个实验对象的几个脸部表情，然后在3D计算机模型上重新创造个体的皱纹和面部毛发。由此可知，研究人员制作面部表情需要的设备是摄影机和3D计算机模型。11What does the underlined word “replica” in Paragraph 3 mean?AA copy of the original.BA new subjects head.CA changed subjects head.DA changed silicone skin.解析：选A词义猜测题。根据第三段中的“They put that silicone skin on a 3Dprinted model of the subjects head to create their very own .”可知，他们把硅树脂做的皮肤压制在实验对象头部的3D打印模型上是为了创造他们自己的复制品。由此可猜测出画线单词的含义为“复制品”。12Whats the main idea of this passage?ASome information about face cloning.BThe process of making face cloning.CSome new information about Disney.DWhere to buy face cloning products.解析：选A主旨大意题。本文主要介绍了当今克隆面部表情的一些信息。Frankensteins MonsterPart 1The story of FrankensteinFrankenstein is the name of a young scientist from Geneva, in Switzerland. While studying at university, he discovers the secret of how to create life. Using bones from dead bodies, he creates a creature that resembles a human being and gives it life. The creature, which is very large and strong, and is also extremely ugly, terrifies anyone who sees it. However, the monster, who has learnt to speak, is intelligent and has human emotions. He becomes lonely and unhappy when he cannot find any friends and soon he begins to hate his creator Frankenstein. When Frankenstein refuses to create a wife for him, the monster murders Frankensteins brother, his best friend Clerval, and finally, Frankensteins new wife Elizabeth. The scientist chases the creature to the Arctic in order to destroy him, but he dies there. At the end of the story, the monster disappears into the ice and snow to end his own life.Part 2Extract from FrankensteinIt was on a cold November night that I saw my creation for the first time. Feeling very anxious, I prepared the equipment that would give life to the thing that lay at my feet. It was already one in the morning and the rain fell against the window. My candle was almost burnt out when, by its tiny light, I saw the yellow eye of the creature open. It breathed hard, and moved its arms and legs.How can I describe my emotions when I saw this happen？How can I describe the monster who I had worked so hard to create? I had tried to make him beautiful. Beautiful! He was the ugliest thing I had ever seen! You could see the veins beneath his yellow skin. His hair was black and his teeth were white.But these things contrasted horribly with his yellow eyes, his wrinkled yellow skin and black lips.I had worked for nearly two years with one aim only, to give life to a lifeless body. For this I had not slept, I had destroyed my health. I had wanted it more than anything in the world. But now I had finished, the beauty of the dream vanished, and horror and disgust filled my heart. Now my only thoughts were, “I wish I had not created this creature, I wish I was on the other side of the world, I wish I could disappear！”When he turned to look at me, I felt unable to stay in the same room as him. I rushed out, and for a long time I walked up and down my bedroom. At last I threw myself on the bed in my clothes, trying to find a few moments of sleep. But although I slept, I had terrible dreams. I dreamt I saw my fiance walking in the streets of our town. She looked well and happy but as I kissed her lips, they became pale, as if she we