2018_2019学年高中英语Module5Cloning课下能力提升（十七）外研版.docx

Module 5 课下能力提升（十七）阅读理解ALast spring, I worked in WashingtonDC. There I visited Fords Theater and looked at Abraham Lincolns impressive memorial (纪念碑)But at the National Museum of Health and Medicine, my nose could almost touch pieces of the man himself: a lock of his hair, pieces of his skull and a handkerchief with his blood on it. As I stood there, I wondered, “Could we clone Abraham Lincoln？”Since Dolly the sheep was cloned in 1996, scientists have cloned mammals from mice to mules, but weve never cloned a human. Maybe its a horrible desire, but if we ever decided to clone someone, I would vote for Abraham Lincoln.After Abraham Lincoln was shot, his doctors and friends collected bits of his skull and bloody pieces of cloth for autopsy (尸检). Locks of his hair were passed around like holy relics. Long before they knew about DNA, these pieces of Lincoln represented the essence (本质) of the man.While we do have his genes, we probably dont have the entire DNA sequence needed for cloning. Sheryl Bernauer, lab supervisor for the DNA Sequencing Facility at UC Davis, said that when cells die over time, the DNA becomes less useful. The DNA in Lincolns 145yearold bloodstains and hair is probably futile for cloning. “The hair itself would be very hard to get the entire DNA sequence from unless you have a complete follicle (毛囊)，” Bernauer said. We dont have any of Lincolns follicles, so thats a nogo.Still, its interesting to think about how the development of cloning has changed the way we view human remains. Humans have always honored the dead, but now we know that in DNA at least part of the dead lives on.语篇解读：作者思考了我们是否可以克隆出Abraham Lincoln的问题，但目前来说条件不允许。1At the National Museum of Health and Medicine, the author _.Atouched pieces of Abraham LincolnBlooked at Abraham Lincolns memorialCwas asked about cloning Abraham LincolnDsaw something belonging to Abraham Lincolns body解析：选D细节理解题。根据第一段的“But at the National Museum of Health and Medicine .a lock of his hair, pieces of his skull and a handkerchief with his blood on it.”可知，作者在那里看到了一些林肯身上的东西。2Why were bits of Abraham Lincolns skull and bloody pieces of cloth collected?ATo remember him.BTo learn about his death.CTo store for cloning in the future.DTo be passed around like saintly relics.解析：选B推理判断题。根据第三段的“his doctors and friends collected bits of his skull and bloody pieces of cloth for autopsy (尸检)”可知，是为了了解Abraham Lincoln的死因。3What does the underlined word “futile” in Paragraph 4 mean?AUseless.BInteresting.CExciting. DNecessary.解析：选A词义猜测题。根据画线词后的“The hair itself would be very hard . a complete follicle (毛囊)”可知，该词是指那些血迹和头发里的DNA可能已经“没用”了。4Its implied in Paragraph 4 that a complete follicle_.Adoesnt have cells that die over timeBis in Abraham Lincolns remainsCdoesnt tell well about someones genesDhas ones entire DNA sequence解析：选D推理判断题。根据第四段的“The hair itself would be very hard to get the entire DNA sequence from unless you have a complete follicle”可知，完整的毛囊里面有完整的基因序列。BIf you want to stay young, sit down and have a good think. This is the research finding of a team of Japanese doctors, who say that most of our brains are not getting enough exercise and as a result, we are ageing unnecessarily soon.Professor Taiju Matsuzawa wanted to find out why otherwise healthy farmers in northern Japan appeared to be losing their ability to think and reason at a relatively early age, and how the process of ageing could be slowed down.With a team of colleagues at Tokyo National University, he set about measuring brain volumes of a thousand people of different ages and varying occupations.Computer technology enabled the researchers to obtain precise measurements of the volume of the front and side sections of the brain, which relate to intellect (智力) and emotion, and determine the human character. (The rear section of the brain, which controls functions like eating and breathing, does not contract with age, and one can continue living without intellectual or emotional faculties.)Contraction of front and side parts as cells die off was observed in some subjects in their thirties, but it was still not evident in some sixtyyearolds and seventyyearolds.Matsuzawa concluded from his tests that there is a simple remedy to the contraction normally associated with age using the head.The findings show in general terms that contraction of the brain begins sooner in people in the country than in the towns. Those least at risk, says Matsuzawa, are lawyers, followed by university professors and doctors. White collar workers doing routine work in government offices are, however, as likely to have shrinking brains as the farm workers, bus drivers and shop assistants.Matsuzawas findings show that thinking can prevent the brain from shrinking. Blood must circulate properly in the head to supply the fresh oxygen the brain cells need. “The best way to maintain good blood circulation is through using the brain，” he says, “Think hard and engage in conversation. Dont rely on pocket calculators.”语篇解读：一项研究表明多思考、多用脑会让人老得慢一些。5The team of doctors wanted to find out _.Awhy certain people age sooner than othersBhow to make people live longer Cthe size of certain peoples brains Dwhich people are most intelligent解析：选A细节理解题。由第二段可知医生们想要弄清楚为什么一些人比其他人老得更快。6On what are their research findings based?AA survey of farmers in northern Japan.BTests performed on a thousand old people.CThe study of brain volumes of different people.DThe latest development of computer technology.解析：选C细节理解题。由第三段“. he set about measuring brain volumes of a thousand people of different ages and varying occupations.”可知选C。7The doctors test shows that _.Aour brains shrink as we grow olderBthe front section of the brain does not shrinkCsixtyyearolds have better brains than thirtyyearoldsDsome peoples brains have contracted more than other peoples解析：选D细节理解题。由倒数第二段“The findings show in general terms that contraction of the brain begins sooner in people in the country than in the towns.”可知医生们的测试发现，一般而言，乡下人比城市里的人的大脑萎缩得更早。故选D。8The word “subjects” in Paragraph 5 means “_”Asomething to be consideredBbranches of knowledge studiedCpersons chosen to be studied in an experimentDany member of a state except the supreme ruler解析：选C词义猜测题。由画线词后的“.but it was still not evident in some sixtyyearolds and seventyyearolds.”可知“subjects”指的是被选入实验做研究的人。故选C。CThe Hall of Presidents is about to get terrible, at least if Disneys researchers get their way.Thats because theyre face cloning people at a laboratory in Zurich in order to create the most realistic animatronic (电子动物的) characters ever made.First of all, yes, Disney has a laboratory in Zurich.Its one of the six around the world where the company researches things like computer pictures, 3D technology and, I can only imagine, how to absorb money out of your pocket at most when you visit Disneyworld.What does physical face cloning involve? Researchers used video cameras to catch several expressions on a subjects face, recreating them in 3D computer models down to individual wrinkles and facial hair.They then experimented with different thicknesses of silicone (硅树脂) for each part of the face until they could create an example for the perfect synthetic (合成的) skin.They put that silicone skin on a 3Dprinted model of the subjects head to create their very own replica. As the authors of the study point out, its not all that different from creating a 3D model for a Pixar movie, except that in real life you have to worry about things like materials and the motors that make the face change expressions.The plan is to develop a complete process for making the physical reproduction (复制品) of a human face on animatronics equipment, meaning all youll have to do in the future is record a persons face and the computer will do the rest. This is a different process than the one used to make the famous Geminoid robots from Osaka University, whose skin is individually made by artists through experiments and mistakes.In order to give the researchers more degrees of freedom in copying facial expressions, the next step is to develop more advanced equipment and multilayered synthetic skin. That means next time you go on the Pirates of the Caribbean ride, dont be surprised to see a terrifyingly realistic Johnny Deppbot playing with an appropriately deadeyed Orlando Bloom.语篇解读：本文主要介绍了当今克隆面部表情的一些信息。9According to the passage, Disneys laboratory researchers are able to _.Aclone people freelyBcreate the real animalsCdevelop computer technologyDmake visitors spend more money解析：选D推理判断题。根据第一段中的“.I can only imagine, how to absorb money out of your pocket at most when you visit Disneyworld.”可知，“我”能想象到当你参观迪斯尼世界的时候，迪斯尼会从你的口袋里最大限度地捞钱。由此可推出，迪斯尼的研究者们可以让游客进入迪斯尼世界后最大限度地掏钱消费。10What equipment do researchers ne