初中英语中的“主谓一致”.ppt

初中英语中的“主谓一致”,This is It was built in There are two floors The food there is The goods there are Most people like ,英语中主语和谓语保持一致叫主谓一致，即谓语动词的形式必须随着主语单、复数形式变化而变化。考查主谓一致的常见题型有单项选择和时态填空等。突破这类题目的方法是熟练掌握主谓一致的原则做题时仔细比较，分析，以提高做题的精确度。,一、最基本的“主谓一致“规则 最基本的“主谓一致”规则是：“单则单，复则复”，即主语为单数时，谓语动词也用相应的单数形式；主语为复数时，谓语动词也用相应的复数形式。 但要注意：当表示时间、长度、距离、金钱、度量等词组作主语时，常将其看作是一个整体，谓语动词要用单数形式。 另外，加减乘除也常当作整体对待，谓语动词也用单数形式。,e.g. I am a teacher. They go to the movies once a week.,e.g. Four plus six is ten.,e.g.Ten dollars is enough.,二、集体名词作主语时，谓语动词的使用 family, class, team等集体名词作主语时，若指一个整体，谓语动词用单数形式；但若指其成员时，谓语动词用复数形式。,e.g. The family is very big. Their family are watching TV now.,三、politics, physics, works, the United States, news, maths等词作主语时，谓语动词的使用 这类词语貌似复数，意义上却是单数的名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。 但要注意有些名词，如：people(人；人们), police等形式为单数，意义是复数，谓语动词要用复数形式。,e.g. The news is very exciting. Physics is a bit difficult for me.,e.g. People there are very friendly.,四、两个主语用and连接时，谓语动词的使用 and连接两个名词(或代词)作主语时，谓语动词一般用复数形式。 但要注意：and连接的两个名词只表示一个概念时，谓语动词要用单数形式。,e.g.Mary and Helen are good friends.,e.g. A singer and dancer is coming. 一个歌手兼舞蹈家就要来了。,五、many a 单数名词 (许多) ；more than one 单数名词(不止一); each A and each B ; every A and every B 等结构作主语时谓语动词用单数 e.g. Every hour and every minute is important. More than one person here is going to find a new job.,六、不定代词作主语时，谓语动词的使用 1.something, everything, anything, nothing, everybody, anybody, nobody, everyone, anyone等不定代词，以及either（either of), neither(neither of), each (each of), each one, no one等代词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。 e.g. Neither of the answers is right. Something is wrong with my computer. 2.both, few, a few, many, several, other等它们所修饰的名词作主语时，谓语动词要用复数形式。 e.g. A few people live to 100, but few people live to 150. Many of them have computers.,七、单数名词作主语,尽管后面有with, as well as, like，except,but等引起的短语，谓语动词仍用单数形式,e.g. 1.The teacher with his students has gone to the library. 2. Is the woman like you your mother? 3. No one except the teachers knows the answer.,八、动词不定式(或动词不定式短语)，V-ing形式以及名词性从句作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。 1.To eat in a fast food restaurant is cheap and saves time. 2.Climbing hills is good exercise. 3.What we need now is time.,九、在定语从句中，关系代词who, which, that 作主语时，其谓语动词的数应也先行词保持一致。 Those who want to go should meet here. Tom likes music that has great lyrics.,十. There be 结构的就近原则 There be 句型中的be动词的人称和数常常与最近作主语的词语保持一致。,e.g.There is a teacher,a desk, some desks and some chairs in the classroom.,十一、并列结构或连词（ neither. nor., either.or., not.but.，not only. but also.）连接的并列主语，谓语动词与靠近的那个名词或代词保持一致，即就近原则。 bothand表示“和都”，谓语动词一般用复数形式。,e.g. Neither he nor I know anything about it.,Not only the students but also the teacher visited the museum.,e.g.Both his father and mother are doctors.,主谓一致正误辨析 同学们在“主谓一致“问题上经常会犯判断失误的错误，现将有关“主谓一致“现象的难点归纳如下：,一、主语为单数集体名词，谓语动词用复数的情况 例1警察正在城里搜捕一名小偷。 误 The police is searching the city for a thief. 正 The police are searching the city for a thief. 析 police，people，cattle(牛)等词虽然形式上是单数，但意义上却为复数，谓语动词需用复数形式。 例2在我国老人受到很好的照顾。 误 The old is taken good care of in our country. 正 The old are taken good care of in our country. 析某些形容词前加上定冠词the，如the old，the young，the dead，the rich，the sick等，用以表示一类人时，其意义为复数，谓语动词用复数形式。,二、主语为复数形式，谓语动词用单数的情况 例1纽约时报是流行于美国各地的报纸。 误 The New York Times are read all over the United States. 正 The New York Times is read all over the United States. 析当表示国家、城市、人名、书名、报纸、杂志及组织机构等的专有名词作主语时，通常把它们作为整体看待，谓语动词用单数形式。 例2这条裤子是他哥哥的。 误 This pair of trousers are his brothers. 正 This pair of trousers is his brothers. 析一些由两个相同部分组成一体的复数名词，如trousers，glasses，shoes等，作主语时，若前面有“一条”、“一副”、“一把”之类的量词，则谓语动词用单数，不带量词时，则谓语动词用复数形式。,三、主语为单数形式，谓语动词有时用单数，有时用复数的情况例1他家里人正等着他。 误 His family is waiting for him. 正 His family are waiting for him. 析有些集体名词，如family，class，group，team，nation，couple等，作主语时，若作为一个整体看待，谓语动词用单数；如果就其中一个个成员考虑，谓语动词则用复数形式。 例2我们需要许多食物。 误 Lots of food are needed by us. 正 Lots of food is needed by us. 析 “a lot of / lots of / plenty of+名词“作主语时，谓语动词的数依据名词的数而定。,四、并列主语与谓语动词数的一致的情况 例1那位教师兼作家来参加会议了。 误 The teacher and writer have come to the meeting. 正 The teacher and writer has come to the meeting. 析由and连接的两个(或两个以上)单数主语，指同一人，同一物或同一概念时，谓语动词用单数形式。 例2每个男孩和女孩都有受教育的权利。 误 Every boy and every girl have the right to education. 正 Every boy and every girl has the right to education. 析由and连接两个单数主语，若前面有every，each等限定时，谓语动词用单数形式。,五、几种特殊结构的主谓语一致 例1和这些孩子们交谈是一件愉快的事。 误 To tallk with the children are a great pleasure. 正 To talk with the children is a great pleasure. 析该句是不定式作主语，表示单一概念，谓语动词用单数形式。 例2一切都准备好了，是吗? 误 Everything are ready，arent they? 正 Everything is ready，isnt it? 析 everything，something，nothing等作主语时，陈述句部分谓语动词用单数形式，附加疑问句中谓语动词和相应代词都只可用单数形式。 不定代词everybody，someone, anyone，nobody等作主语时，陈述句部分谓语动词一般用单数形式。但是，在附加疑问句中谓语动词与相应代词多用复数形式。 Everyone is having fun, arent they?,巩固练习 1. A woman with a baby_ coming here. A. is B. are 2. The girl as well as the boys _learned to drive a car. A. has B. have 3. Whenever anything_, please stay here quietly. A. happens B. happen 4. Many a man_ the story. A. believe B. believes “many a单数可数名词”形式上为单数，但意义上为复数(意为“许多”)，若用作主语，其谓语通常与形式一致而不与意义一致(即谓语用单数)。 5. A year and a half_ already passed. A. has B. have 6. Twelve percent of the workers here_ women. A. is B. are,A,A,A,B,A,B,7. His family_ watching TV. A. is B. are 8. Bread and butter_ their daily food. A. is B. are 9. Not only a pen but also two books _lost. A. was B. were 10. The boy and the girl each_ their own toys. A. has B. have each作the boy and girl的同位语，中心词是the boy and girl,因而是复数 11. Maths_ not easy to learn. A. is B. are,B,A,B,B,A,12. To master the spirit of a foreign language_ not