分析教师在小学英语教育中扮演的角色毕业论文.doc

【标题】分析教师在小学英语教育中扮演的角色 【作者】文静 【关键词】教师；小学生；角色；作用 【指导老师】马小燕 【专业】英语 【正文】I. IntroductionIn the history of educational reform of each country of the world since the 20th century, teachers were considered as the key factors which affect the process of Educational reform and determined its success or failure. English teachers play very important role in English teaching. In traditional teaching, the teachers tend to impart knowledge, direct the students and control the classroom. The shortcomings of traditional roles are very obvious. In modern English teaching teachers roles are changing to be diversified: instructor, leader, parents, friends, psychological doctor, and model. English teachers need know the puilpscharacters, and strengthen to language and professional skill training and learn persistently from both books and practices. Teaching is considered as one of the most demanding and challenging social activities in our society, with the ultimate goal of training students to communicate in English. Its generally agreed that good teaching is good communication between the teachers and the students and also among students and the best efficiency in a classroom comes from effective cooperation between the teacher and the students. Therefore, the teachers roles and functions are vital to the effect of language learning.II. The Psychological Characteristics of the PupilsA. The Perception of the PupilsStudents perceive the overall of things generally and imprecisely at the beginning, gradually, they can perceive each part of things accurately, and they can find the major features of things and the inter-relationship between various parts of things. Initially, they often choose the objects of observation for interest, gradually; they are able to follow the perception of things according to the need of learning task. For the perception of spatial characteristics, the low grade primary students need to be supported by concrete things. With the growth of age and knowledge, their spatial perception has a transition from visual to abstract, for the perception of time characteristics, students can grasp the concept of time within the scope of their experience when they enter the school, but they dont understand the unit of time which is not too close to their life, whats more, the judgment of the length of time is also relatively poor for them. With the growth of age, their understanding of the unit of time and their judgment of the length of time are constantly improved, they begin to know the value of time, and the consciousness of study is becoming increasingly strengthened.The students memory is initially unconscious, specific image and machinery memory1. They can remember some interesting things very well, however, its difficult for them to remember some learning tasks given by teacher. They can remember some specific, visual materials, but it is hard to remember the abstract concepts with their understanding. As the years went by, their ability for the memorization of abstract words and meaning has improved constantly.B. The Specific Images of the PupilsStudents imagination develops gradually from one-sided, faint to integrate; correct imagination.2 The imagination of low grade primary school students has the characteristics of imitating, simple reappearance. With the growing of age, they will dependent less on the specific imagination, and their imagination will be developed.Students thinking has a transition from specific image thinking to abstract logical thinking; however, their abstract logical thinking to a great extent is still associated with emotional experience. Low grade primary school students are on the context of can not observe the characteristics of things directly, it is difficult to summarize some concepts, and to high grade, they begin to rely on the performance of a certain number of words to summaries them. Whats more, with the growth of age, they grasp the visual, the components of external characteristics of the concept declining gradually, and grasp the abstract, the components of the essential characteristics increasing gradually.C. Emotion and WillAlthough the low grade primary school students can control their emotions initially, there also will be destabilizing phenomena. With the growth of age, to a higher grade, their emotions will be more stable, and the need to get others respect has been intensified, and emotional moral has been developed initially. At this point their likes and dislikes no longer only linger on verbal or facial expression, but they often put them into actions. With the increase of longing for knowledge, they are no longer satisfied with asking“what is it?” and begin to ask“why?” The organ, systems of the body of the primary school students grow fast, who are energetic, lively and active, but at the same time because their havent good discipline and strong willpower, they are easily excited when they come across things, the consciousness and persistence of the activities are very poor, when they complete a task, they often depend on external pressure rather than conscious action. In the learning activities, they start with great momentum but not durable. As the years went by, the consciousness and persistence of will activities will be increased gradually, they can accomplish the work consciously. In the face of difficulties, they can control their sentiments till the issue is resolved. In addition, the imitating of the students is fairly strong, so the impact of families on them can not be underestimated. Especially there are more only-child families now, the children are prone to develop some unhealthy habits, like willfulness, and hence more attention should be paid to their education and guidance.D. Mood and CharacterThe primary school students are easily excited, and change more with the changing situation, the performance of kinds“tears and laughs”2 are often seen. Compared with what of the childhood, their self-control has developed, but is still relatively poor, particularly they are easily influenced by others and like to imitate the others behavior unconsciously. Their self-evaluation almost depends on the teachers. It is easier to see their own strengths than their shortcomings, they like to evaluate others, they are not good at evaluating themselves objectively. With the growth of age and experience, they no longer evaluate themselves entirely by relying on the evaluation of the teachers, and they are able to make an evaluation independently by comparing their behavior with others. They have learned gradually to apply the moral views and social criteria to evaluate their behavior and others, and can also see their advantages and disadvantages at the same time. In addition, with the development of character, the character characteristics of the students has been strengthened, the impact of their character on their behavior will be increased. Although the character of students is very malleable, but with growth of age, their behavior will become a common practice, their character will be more stable, more difficult to change. By then it can be seen that teachers and parents should understand the psychological characteristics and the psychological development rule of primary school students. It is our bounden duty to give them proper guidance and effective education. Because of these psychological characteristics of the students, teachers play different roles in English language teaching of primary school.III. The Role of Teachers in Traditional English TeachingALake of Happy AtmosphereA welcoming and engaging learning environment will make the study easy and happy. But in the present process of English language teaching, teacher often neglect some of the students unconsciously. The teachers tend to impart knowledge, the only want to teach the knowledge what the students need to know. They do not know how to let the student feel happy, they also neglect students who are lack of the interest of English and feel boring in the class. The Lack of attention in the long ran will become negative stimulus and cause the students to loose their interest and be unwilling to cooperate with the teachers in class. What is more, their negative feeling may spread to others, and make more students feel depressed, that is the reason of children doesnt like English at present. the teacher needs to accumulate the experience of the make happy atmosphere.B. Lack of ParticipationIn the traditional English teaching, the teacher usually lets the student participate in the activity by groupsform. He/she“patrol”in the classroom to see how each group carries on. When activity ends, he/she corrects the typical mistakes, provides the feedback and gives the suggestion However, when this kind of procedure becomes one kind of pattern, the teacher and the students regard the classroom activity as the teaching duty to complete, the classroom interaction is weakened. Actually, the teacher also should be a participant of classroom activity. The teacher should change his/her role once he/she joins the students.CLack of Organizing AbilityThe most important and difficult role that the teacher has to play is to be an organizer. But in traditional English teaching many teachers lack the ability of control，the don not clear to make sure that every students levels, The more students there are in a class, the more needs they have. Different students have different language levels and different learning styles in large class. Some students prefer to learn by listening, others may like visual representations; still others like to learn by doing. But teachers usually lack the ability of collect as much learning aids as he/she could to meet the different needs of students in a class，the students cannot study really thing.This is also the problem of many teachers now.Separation of intelligence and morality, no respect to students principle position, neglect of training and developing students feelings, neglect of their differences and personalities they are all causes of the low efficiency.IV. The Multiple Roles of Teachers in Modern English Teaching EducationA. Instructor Instructor is the first and the most prominent role demonstrated by the teachers. For the inquisitive students, the teacher is the symbol of knowledge, and a living textbook. The teacher takes the course as the theme to guide the students, organize and assess their study. This role requires teachers to have high teaching ability. Teachers are required to have certain professional skills, techniques and knowledge in order to help students to acquire knowledge. The main part of his work is to teach students these things. In modern society, the way to acquire knowledge has increased gradually. So the function of teachers as the sole source of information has reduced. Therefore, the function of teacher“how to guide students learning”4 has strengthened. Educators come up with the watchword:“teach in order not to teach,”“tell the students how and where to find the answers rather than directly give them knowledge,”5 the function of guidance of teachers role has been emphasized to strengthen by it.B. LeaderLeader as a teacher, the first task is to define the real situations, and help people to grasp the true situations correctly and profoundly, and enhance their understanding capacity of the organizational systems, and prompt everyones study. The learning organization will grow on the condition of the leaders who has a comprehensive understanding of the essence of a learning organization. If we compare the embryo of learning organization to a small tree, and the leadership is the gardener, only knows the gardener how to cultivate trees, then through the hard work of the gardener, the trees eventually grow into trees. Teachers should lead the development of student with their development, so that students get the benefit from the classroom and the extra-curricular. The leading of each class is very important aspect, it is able to inspire the learning enthusiasm and regulate the learning mood of the students. For example: I have seen an English class, its topic is“learn new things6”. At the beginning of class, the teacher asked:“How do you think about todays weather? Do you want to sing in such good weather? Who are willing to sing, please stand up?”7 Student felt respected by their teacher with these words immediately, and the class atmosphere got excited. In the class, the teacher set up several game activities, the students always were in the relieved and democratic atmosphere. Finally, the teacher arranged the activity of“learn new things”. All the students were freely to learn new things from others. They were very happy. Some of them taught others to do the magic, some were learning to sing with others, even some were learning backward from others. The students applied the knowledge to their life in this atmosphere, and learned more things as well.The education of modern school, teaching activities mostly proceed in the collectives with collective manner. Teachers should be the leaders of the students collectives. Teachers lead a class, or lead a group, and have an impact of education on them. In the educational activities, teachers will change the requirements of aims of education and teaching into learning tasks. In order to accomplish a given task, teachers has designed and created the learning environment. For realizing the aims of education and teaching smoothly, it is need to develop good collective classes, and every member of the collectives is also affected by collective classes. Experimental studies show that different types of leadership manner of the teachers had a great influence on the psychological climate of the collective classes; thereby they affect the academic achievements and the development of individual character of the students.Teachers this role requires teachers to have strong capacity of organizations and managements. A survey of primary school teachers shows that only 70% of outstanding teachers may become outstanding class-directors, and 100% of the outstanding class-directors have the conditions of outstanding teachers. The teachers examples which were set by the education sector of our country mostly emerging from the practice of class management, and all of them have the prominent ability of organizations and leaderships. Some school administrators also believe that it is not a comprehensive teacher who manages the class poorly. So in some ways, teachers ability of organizations and managements is more important than the ability of teaching C. Parents and FriendsComparing teachers with other professional staffs, the important distinction is that teachers often play the role as parents. Teachers are the anther social authority who was met by the children after their parents. As far as the parents, they send their children to the school and transfer a part of the responsibility of management for childrens education to the teachers. Parents hope the teachers to understand them, and treat their children like parents, care and protect their children. And the children come to a very unfamiliar environment from a familiar environment, and come to the teachers embrace from their parents embrace who love them, instinctively they will regard the teachers as their parents in the subconscious. In the dual expectations, teachers virtually play the role as parents in the invisibility, teachers only can satisfy the role expectations of students and parents for their own, only to play the role well. Therefore, teachers should have correct understanding of the performance of students, for example, sometimes the students act like a spoiled brat to them, so they have to educate the students with this psychology of students. But it must be recognized in the education, as the role for parents, it is mainly considered the prompting of the growth of students health as the basic criteria. So teachers should discard some negative behavior, such as coddling, doting which parents had displayed to their children. Teachers should help the students to make a correct distinction, and enable them to know what is allowed and what is prohibited. The teachers not only have played the role as parents warm and caring, but also have played the unique function of the role which the parents did not have stringent requirements.“Friends”, the educator Suhomuski of the former Soviet Union said:“when a child enters the door of the school and become your students, you are becoming the model of wisdom, reason and morality in his eyes.”8So as a teacher, he or she should enter the group of students, and get along with the students and become a real good teacher and helpful friends. According to Mallows hierarchy of Human Needs Theory, everyone has the needs of respect, and hopes to get the respect and recognition of others. We can not turn a blind eye and evade the question to this desire of students, but to respect and satisfy this“superiority and needs”9 of them. Therefore, teachers shouldnt only a superior leader and even not a sacred role; he must discard his identity and gets along with students, and takes on the role of friends to students. Only in this way, its will be possible to establish a close relationship between the teachers and the students, and has a great function to the training of students moral, the improvement of academic, the changing of weak students and the psychological health of students and teachers. And teachers are able to gain the trust of the students and share the difficulties from students only to be filed with enthusiasm and sympathy to the students. The relationship of mutual trust between teachers and students, sometimes expressed as a personal friendship of mutual equality, but in other times, the teacher is o