2018_2019学年高中英语Module1BasketballPeriod3Grammar语法专题课构词法转换和派生外研版.docx

课时阅读训练三 Period 3 Grammar语法专题课构词法（转换和派生）. 阅读理解A team of engineers at Harvard University has been inspired by Nature to create the first robotic fly. The mechanical fly has become a platform for a series of new high-tech systems. Designed to do what a fly does naturally, the tiny machine is the size of a fat housefly. Its mini wings allow it to stay in the air and perform controlled flight tasks. “Its extremely important for us to think about this as a whole system and not just the sum of a bunch of individual components(元件), ”said Robert Wood, the Harvard engineering professor who has been working on the robotic fly project for over a decade. A few years ago, his team got the go-ahead to start piecing together the components. “The added difficulty with a project like this is that actually none of those components are off the shelf and so we have to develop them all on our own, ” he said. They engineered a series of systems to start and drive the robotic fly. “The seemingly simple system which just moves the wings has a number of interdependencies on the individual components, each of which individually has to perform well, but then has to be matched well to everything its connected to, ” said Wood. The flight device was built into a set of power, computation, sensing and control systems. Wood says the success of the project proves that the flying robot with these tiny components can be built and manufactured. While this first robotic flyer is linked to a small, off-board power source, the goal is eventually to equip it with a built-in power source, so that it might someday perform data-gathering work at rescue sites, in farmers fields or on the battlefield. “Basically it should be able to take off, land and fly around, ” he said. Wood says the design offers a new way to study flight mechanics and control at insect-scale. Yet, the power, sensing and computation technologies on board could have much broader applications. “You can start thinking about using them to answer open scientific questions, you know, to study biology in ways that would be difficult with animals, but using these robots instead, ”he said. “So there are a lot of technologies and open interesting scientific questions that are really what drives us on a day-to-day basis. ”【语篇概述】本文介绍了“Robotic Fly”, 它能像真的苍蝇一样自然飞行, 小小的翅膀能让它停在空中, 表演各种飞行任务。1. According to the first paragraph, the robotic fly is _. A. larger than a fat housefly B. as large as a fat houseflyC. smaller than a fat housefly D. as large as a butterfly 【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据第一段的the tiny machine is the size of a fat housefly. 可知B正确。2. It can be inferred from Paragraphs 3 and 4 that the robotic fly _. A. consists of a flight device and a control systemB. can just fly in limited areas at the present timeC. can collect information from many sourcesD. has been put into wide application【解析】选B。推理判断题。题干要求从第三段和第四段推测, 所以根据文章内容“but then has to be matched well to everything its connected to, ” said Wood. The flight device was built into a set of power, computation, sensing and control systems. 故选项A. consists of a flight device and a control system是片面的, 排除; 根据第四段so that it might someday perform data-gathering work at rescue sites, in farmers fields or on the battlefield. 可知选项C中的from many sources应为from many sites/places, 故排除; 选项D. has been put into wide application的定位在第五段Yet, the power, sensing and computation technologies on board could have much broader applications. 可知已经大量应用是错误的, 故排除。纵观三、四两段, 尤其是第四段尾句“Basically it should be able to take off, land and fly around, ” he said. 可推断出只有B. can just fly in limited areas at the present time正确。3. Which of the following can be learned from the passage? A. The robotic fly is designed to learn about insects. B. Animals are not allowed in biological experiments. C. There used to be few ways to study how insects fly. D. Woods design can replace animals in some experiments. 【解析】选D。推理判断题。文章末段的to study biology in ways that would be difficult with animals, but using these robots instead告诉我们这些机器人可以替代动物, 故D正确。考生需注意的是, 说明文末段尤其带有转折关系的词往往是题眼所在。根据第四段so that it might someday perform data-gathering work at rescue sites, in farmers fields or on the battlefield. 可知A错误, 故排除。文章最后一段中指出“You can start thinking about using them to answer open scientific questions, you know, to study biology in ways that would be difficult with animals, but using these robots instead, ” he said. 并没有说: 不允许拿动物进行生物实验, 故排除B选项。根据文章最后一段Wood says the design offers a new way to study flight mechanics and control at insect-scale. 及“So there are a lot of technologies and open interesting scientific questions that are really what drives us on a day-to-day basis. ”可知以后会有更多的问题等待我们去探索, 但并不是说过去在研究昆虫飞行方面常常方法很少, 故排除C项。4. Which of the following might be the best title of the passage? A. Father of Robotic FlyB. Inspiration from Engineering ScienceC. Robotic Fly Imitates Real Life InsectD. Harvards Breakthrough in Insect Study【解析】选C。主旨大意题。本题考查考生理解全文、提炼信息、概括总结的能力。选择最佳标题, 一般来说, 考生只有通篇理解文章传递的信息, 才可能概括出文章的最佳标题。对比四个选项, A选项意为“机器人苍蝇之父”, 文章的主题主要说明“机器人苍蝇”, 故排除。B选项“来自工程学中的灵感”与文章的主题“机器人苍蝇”关系不大, 故排除。D选项“哈佛大学在昆虫研究领域的突破”, 并没有点明主题“机器人苍蝇”, 故排除。C选项既交待了“Robotic Fly”又讲了与真实生活中昆虫的关系, 所以正确答案为C。. 语法填空(2018全国卷)According to a review of evidence in a medical journal, runners live three years 1. (long) than non-runners. You dont have to run fast or for long 2. (see) the benefit. You may drink, smoke, be overweight and still reduce your risk of 3. (die) early by running. While running regularly cant make you live forever, the review says it 4. (be) more effective at lengthening life 5. walking, cycling or swimming. Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 6. showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all 7. (cause). The best exercise is one that you enjoy and will do. But otherwise. . . its probably running. To avoid knee pain, you can run on soft surfaces, do exercises to 8. (strength) your leg muscles (肌肉), avoid hills and get good running shoes. Running is cheap, easy and its always 9. (energy). If you are time poor, you need run for only half the time to get the same benefits as other sports, so perhaps we should all give 10. a try. 【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了跑步对身体健康的影响, 以及应该注意的事项。1. 【解析】longer。考查副词的比较级。根据空后的than和句意可知, 此处应该使用比较级形式, 故填longer。2. 【解析】to see。考查非谓语动词。此处意为: 你不必跑很快或很久就能看到它的好处。应该使用不定式形式表示目的。3. 【解析】dying。考查非谓语动词。此处作介词of的宾语, 且后有副词early作状语, 故填动词die的-ing形式dying。4. 【解析】is。考查时态和主谓一致。根据全文可知, 文章叙述的是一般的客观陈述的事实, 故使用一般现在时。it指代上一句的running regularly, 是单数, 故填is。5. 【解析】than。考查连词。根据前面的more effective可知, 此处表示“跑步在延长生命方面比步行、骑车或游泳更有效”, 故使用表示比较形式的连词than。6. 【解析】that/which。考查定语从句。根据句子结构可知, 此处是定语从句的关系代词, 在定语从句中作主语, 其先行词是study, 故填that/which。7. 【解析】causes。考查可数名词复数。此处的cause是名词, 表示“原因”。根据其前的all可知, 应该使用复数形式, 故填causes。8. 【解析】strengthen。考查非谓语动词。根据句子结构可知, 此处应该使用不定式形式作目的状语, 故填动词strengthen。9. 【解析】energetic。考查词性转换。根据句子结构可知, 此处应该使用与其前的cheap、easy相同形式的形容词energetic作表语。10. 【解析】it/running。考查代词或名词。根据句意可知, 此处表示“我们都应该试着跑跑步”, 故填代词it, 指代上文的running或者直接填running。阅读理解Basketball is one sportperhaps the only sportwhose exact origin can safely be told. During the winter of 1891-1892, Dr James Naismith, a college instructor in Springfield, Massachusetts, invented the game of basketball in order to provide exercise for the students between the closing of the football season and the opening of the baseball season. He attached fruit baskets overhead on the walls at opposite ends of the gymnasium, and, using a soccer ball, organized nine-man teams to play his new game. In this new game the purpose was to shoot the ball into one basket and try to keep the opposite team from shooting the ball into the other basket. Although there have been many changes in the rules (such as the reduction of the number of players on a team from nine to five), the game is basically the same today. The United States soldiers took it to the Philippines in 1900 and to Europe during World War , and, being adopted by foreign countries it soon became a world-w