2018_2019学年高中英语Unit22EnvironmentalProtectionSectionⅣLesson2_Lesson3_LanguagePoints学案.docx

Section Lesson 2-Lesson 3-Language Points一、这样记单词记得准写得对记得快记得多.基础词汇1.seize vt.依法没收，抵押2.behalf n. 代表3.grand adj 巨大的4.catastrophe n. 巨大的灾难5.means n. 方法6.brick n. 砖，砖块7.slide vi. 滑行8.slip_vi. 滑落9.flee vt.& vi. 逃走10.separation n. 分离，分开11.scale_n. 规模，范围12.arm_vt. 武装.拓展词汇1.catastrophe n巨大的灾难catastrophic adj.灾难的，灾难性的2.irrigate vt.灌溉irrigation n灌溉3.separation_n分开，分离；分居separate adj.独立的 vt.分离，分开separated adj.分开的4.construct vt.建造construction n建造；建设constructive adj.建设性的，积极的5.potential adj.潜在的；可能的 n潜在的可能性potentially adv.潜在地；可能地potentiality n潜力，可能性6.mountainous adj.多山的mountain n山，山岳mountains 山脉1.scale n规模，范围；磅秤；比例图片记忆2.seize vt.依法没收，抵押；抓住，夺取同义grab, grasp, snatch3.means n方法联想表示“方法”的单词及常与其搭配的介词method n方法 (with)way n. 方法；方式 (in)manner n. 方法 (in)means n. 方法 (by)4.flee vt.& vi.逃走同义escape 逃跑run away 逃跑5.mountainous adj.多山的联想含后缀ous的高频形容词集锦glorious 光荣的dangerous 危险的generous 慷慨的，大方的humorous 幽默的continuous 连续的二、这样记短语记牢固定短语多积常用词块1.apart from除之外2answer for (对已产生的不良后果)负责任3call for an end to sth. 要求结束4or_else 否则，不然5wrap up 结束(工作、会议等)；包裹6on_somebodys behalf 代表某人7for good 永远8carry off_ 掠去，夺走9all in all 总的来说10result in_ 导致，造成11recover from 从中恢复12get over_ 克服13turn on 突然攻击；打开14earn ones living 谋生1.environmentally friendly tourism环保型旅游业2natural wonders 自然奇观3be home to 是居住地4on a grand/large scale 大规模地5armed conflict 武装冲突6wipe out 彻底消灭，全部摧毁7at the rate of 以的速度8within the range of 在的范围之内9be about to do 正要/就要做某事10at risk 冒险11in advance 提前12to some degree 在某种程度上三、这样记句式先背熟再悟通后仿用1.The last few years have seen environmental disasters on a grand scale, and experts are predicting far worse to come. 在过去的几年里，人们已经见证了大规模的环境灾难，专家们预测更为严重的灾难即将到来。see表示“见证，经历”， 拟人化的句式。The_last_thirty_years_have_seen_great changes in China.最近三十年中国发生了巨大变化。2.Storms have been getting worse everywhere too, with a growing number of hurricanes hitting the US, and Central America. 不断增多的飓风袭击美国和中美洲地区，与此同时各地的暴风雨灾害也越来越严重。 with复合结构，其构成为“with宾语现在分词短语”。With_the_summer_vacation_approaching,_I desire to do a parttime job in a foreign company.随着暑假的临近，我想在一家外资企业找一份兼职工作。1(教材P8)Apart from the few found in zoos, pandas live only in the central bamboo forests of mainland China.除了少数几只生活在动物园，大熊猫只生活在中国内地中部的竹林里。apart from 除之外(1)apart from 既有 except/except for 的含义，也有 besides 的含义(2)except 相当于 but，意为“除了，排除在外”(3)besides 相当于 in addition to, 意为“除了之外还有，包括在内”Apart from/Besides the price, we also need to think about where it is situated when buying a house.买房子时，除了价格外，我们还要考虑房子的位置。I had nothing on except_for/apart_from my socks.我除了短袜什么都还没穿。联想发散表示“除之外，此外”的短语还有：as well as, in addition to, other than, aside from等。2(教材P132)Hunters in general have a lot to answer for in terms of endangered animals.一般来说，说到濒危动物，猎人要负很大的责任。answer for (对不良后果)负责任；担保，保证You will have to answer for your crimes one day.你总有一天要因为你的罪行而得到报应。I will answer_for_it that he will accomplish the task.我愿意担保他能完成这个任务。answer to sb. (for sth.)(因某事)向某人负责answer back 顶嘴，反驳in answer to . 作为对的回答make no answer 不作答，不回答I dont quite know what to say in_answer_to your question.我不太清楚如何回答你的问题。She made_no_answer as though she had heard nothing.她没有答话，仿佛她什么也没听到。3(教材P132)Every year police seize bags of tiger parts and arrest illegal hunters but sadly, many never get caught.警方每年都会缴获大量的虎制品，逮捕非法的狩猎者，不幸的是，很多未被抓到。seize vt.依法没收，扣押；抓住，抓获；夺取，攻占；理解写出下列句中seize的含义The enemy seized the city after a violent attack.攻占I cant quite seize what you said just now.理解If you dont pay your debt, your property will be seized.依法没收seize hold of抓住，握住seize sb.by the身体部位 抓住某人身体的某个部位be seized with 受到侵袭；得疾病seize a chance/an opportunity 抓住机会Before he could run away, she seized him by the collar.在他逃跑之前，她抓住了他的衣领。He was_seized_with a slight attack of fever yesterday.昨天他有一点儿发烧。Dont hesitate, and seize_the_first_opportunity that comes along!不要犹豫，一有机会就抓住它！4(教材P132)To save these beautiful animals, we need to call for an end to illegal hunting and .为了拯救这些漂亮的动物，我们需要要求结束非法捕猎并且call for an end to sth. 要求结束come to an end结束at an end 结束bring . to an end 使结束put an end to sth. 结束某事The meeting was organized so badly that some people present called for an end to it.会议组织得很糟，一些出席的人要求结束会议。The meeting came_to_an_end finally after a long time of discussion.长时间的讨论之后，会议终于结束了。The holiday was at_an_end and it was time to leave.假期结束了，是时候离开了。5(教材P132)We need to speak out on their behalf before they disappear for good.在这些动物永久地消失之前，我们应该替它们呼吁。on somebodys behalf 代表on somebodys behalf on behalf of somebody代表或代替某人；因为某人；为了某人；为帮助某人in behalf of somebody in somebodys behalf为帮助某人I, on behalf of our club, am writing to invite you to share some of your masterpieces for this show.(2016全国卷书面表达)我代表我们的俱乐部写信邀请你在这次展出中分享你的一些代表作。They gave us a welcome on_headmasters_behalf/on_behalf_of_headmaster.他们代表校长欢迎我们。We collected money in_behalf_of/on_behalf_of the homeless in the earthquake.我们为帮助在地震中的无家可归者募捐。辨析比较represent, on behalf of, stand forrepresent 用来表示“代表某人/某个团体/政府等”“某种标志代表什么”“某物(书、雕塑等)表现的是什么”和“把某人/物描绘成什么”on behalf of 常用作状语，表示“代表/代替某人”stand for 往往用来表示“(字母、数字、符号等)代表/象征什么”选择上述词语填空I am doing a project on_behalf_of/representing my school about global warming.He represented our school to take part in the competition and all of us were proud of him.The letters PLA stand_for the Chinese Peoples Liberation Army.6(教材P132)Because the alligators live in holes that damage the farmland and sometimes carry off farm animals.因为短吻鳄住在洞穴里会破坏农田并且有时会掠去农场动物。carry off 掠去，夺走carry on (with/doing)继续(做)carry out 实施；执行carry away 带走；冲走carry through 达成(目的)；使某人渡过(难关、困难、危机)The robber carried off her handbag when she walked back home late at night.深夜，她走路回家时，劫匪夺走了她的手提包。They managed to carry_on_with/doing_their_experiments despite the difficulties.尽管困难重重，他们还是设法使试验继续下去。I hate it when she calls me at work Im always too busy to carry_on a conversation with her.(2016天津高考改编)我讨厌工作时她给我打电话我一直很忙，没时间与她进行谈话。I believe that her courage will carry her through the crisis.我相信她的勇气会使她渡过危机。7(教材P10)The last few years have seen environmental disasters on a grand scale, and experts are predicting far worse to come.在过去的几年里，人们已经见证了大规模的环境灾难，专家们预测更为严重的灾难即将到来。scale n规模，范围；磅秤；比例to the same scale按同一比例on a large/small scale 大/小规模地Nowadays, the scale of the pollution problem is much worse than before.当今，污染问题的程度比以前严重多了。It is obvious that both plans are drawn to_the same scale.很明显两张平面图是按同一比例绘制的。The typhoon caused damage on a large scale across the country.台风在全国范围内造成大规模地损害。8(教材P10)A number of nations have already been in armed conflict over water, and reduced rainfall in the west of the US has resulted in huge forest fires.已经有几个国家因为水的问题而发生武装冲突，而美国西部由于降水减少导致了森林大火。result in 导致result from因而造成；起因于as a result of 作为的结果；因为as a result 结果Acting before thinking always results in failure.做事不先考虑总会导致失败。Jenny nearly missed the flight as_a_result_of doing too much shopping.詹妮因为购物太多差点错过了航班。Its generally believed that his cancer resulted from overwork.普遍认为他是因为过度的劳累而得了癌症。扮靓写作例句的其他表达方式Its generally believed that overwork resulted in his cancer.Its generally believed that he suffered from cancer as a result of overwork.Its generally believed that overwork led to his cancer.名师点津“因”与“果”9(教材P10)People in agricultural areas, without any means to earn their living, move to the cities, and then construct shabby homes from whatever materials they can find on poor clay soil.农业地区的人们因为没有办法谋生而流向城市。然后，他们在贫瘠的土地上用可以找到的任何材料搭建起破烂的房屋。means n方法，方式，手段by means of .用/以方法by all means 务必，一定；当然可以by no means 绝不，无论如何也不(放在句首时要用部分倒装语序)by this means 用这种方法Scientists are working to create a means of storing this type of power.科学家们正在为发明一种能储存这种能量的方法而工作。In addition, we have more choices by_means_of wild release. (2015重庆高考写作二)此外，通过自由分享的方式我们有更多选择。Only_by_this_means is it possible to persuade him out of smoking.只有用这种方法才能说服他不抽烟。Furthermore, by no means is_punishment a wise choice to help them grow up mentally and physically.此外，惩罚绝不是一个帮助他们身心健康成长的明智选择。All possible means have_been_tried (try), but none worked.Every possible means has_been_tried (try), but none worked.一切方法都试过了，但是没有一种起作用的。名师点津(1)means为单复数同形的名词，作主语时前有every, each, one等修饰语时，谓语用单数；前有several, some, many, few, all等修饰时，谓语用复数。(2)与means一样单复数同形的名词还有：deer鹿， sheep绵羊， fish鱼， species物种。(3)与by no means用法相同的短语有：on no condition, under/in no circumstances, at no time, in no case, on no account，这些放在句首时，句子要用部分倒装。1The last few years have seen environmental disasters on a grand scale, and experts are predicting far worse to come.在过去的几年里，人们已经见证了大规模的环境灾难，专家们预测更为严重的灾难即将到来。句中 the last few years 作主语，see 是谓语，是一种拟人化的句式，用来增加句子的表现力。(1)see意为“见证，目睹，经历”时，常以表示时代、年代、世纪或地点的名词作主语，表示某时或某地“目睹、发生、经历”了某事。(2)与see用法相同的动词有find, witness, say, experience等，这些词在句中作谓语，用物作主语时，表示一种拟人的手法，以增加句子的表现力。Our city witnesses four different seasons, plenty of sunshine and good rainfall, but in winter you may feel a little cold.(2014天津高考书面表达)我们的城市一年有四个不同的季节，阳光充足、雨量充沛。但在冬天，你可能会觉得有点冷。The city has_witnessed (witness) many changes in the last five years.这座城市见证了最近五年的许多变化。The two stone lions standing in front of Tiananmen have_seen/witnessed many great historic events.站立在天安门前的这两只石狮目睹了许多重大的历史事件。2Storms have been getting worse everywhere too, with a growing number of hurricanes hitting the US, and Central America.不断增多的飓风袭击美国和中美洲地区，与此同时各地的暴风雨灾害也越来越严重。句中使用了“with复合结构”，其构成为“with宾语现在分词短语”。“with复合结构”在句中作状语，表示原因、时间、条件、伴随、方式等，有时也可作定语。“with 宾语宾语补足语”结构的具体形式有：with n./pron.In summer, she usually sleeps with the windows open.夏天，她通常开着窗户睡觉。(伴随状语)Do you know the lady with a baby in her arms?你认识那个抱小孩儿的女士吗？(定语)He lay on the grass with his eyes looking (look) at the sky.他躺在草地上，仰望天空。(伴随状语)With his hair cut (cut), he looked much younger.剪了头发，他看起来年轻多了。(原因状语)With a lot of homework to_do (do), I cant go skating with you.因为有很多作业要做，所以我不能和你一起去滑冰。(原因状语).单句语法填空1Seize a horse by the mane(鬃), and lead an ox by the nose.2The party last night was a_success. We sang and danced until it came to an end.3There has been development on a massive scale since 2016.4Ambassador Albright will be on behalf of the United States at the ceremony.5His not studying hard resulted in his failure in exams and as a result, he was fired.6He was doing his homework with his MP4 turned (turn) on.7You may get away with this kind of thing now, but you will have to answer for it some day.8The city of Shenzhen has_witnessed (witness) many changes in the last 10 years.完成句子1Misunderstandings resulting_from lack of social communication, if not handled properly, may result_in_serious_problems.由于缺乏社会交流而造成的误解，如果处理不当，将会导致严重的问题。2Its impossible to_carry_on_a_conversation with all these noises going on outside the house.房子外面那么吵，要想进行对话真不可能。3Your composition is well done apart_from/except_for_a_few_spelling_mistakes.除了几处拼写错误外，你的作文写得不错。4Differences were papered over but by_no_means_were_they_fully_settled.分歧被掩盖了，但是绝没有得到完全解决。一、全练语言点，基稳才能楼高.单词拼写1The engineers designed a new type of vehicle for mountainous (多山的) regions.2The battleship shall be armed (武装) with another five guns.3The thief was seized (抓住) and turned over to a police station.4With prices sliding (滑动) fast, small computers are becoming popular.5He explored ways and means (方法) of solving the problems.6The villagers fled (逃走) to the higher place because of the flood.7Wet roads increase the potential (可能性) for an accident.8The new shopping centre was constructed (建造) at a cost of 1.1 million yuan.单句语法填空1The lion carried off the baby when the mother was cooking in the kitchen.2The room was very cold and, except for Jack, entirely empty.3On behalf of the staff, I wish to extend our warmest welcome to you.4As we all know, many illnesses result from lack of exercise.5A rally was held to call for an_ end to the civil war.6The year 1949 saw (see) the founding of the Peoples Republic of China.7The student is invited to test each item for himself by means of specific techniques.8With the College Entrance Examination drawing (draw)near, the students feel great pressure.完成句子1Youll have to answer_for_your_violent_behaviour in court.你得对自己在法庭上的暴力行为承担责任。2Our school has_seen_many_great_changes in the last few years.我们的学校最近几年发生了许多巨大变化。3We all carried_on_singing as if nothing had happened.我们继续唱歌，好像什么也没发生过一样。4With_so_many_problems_to_think_about,_he wouldnt go to sleep, turning over on the bed.由于有那么多问题要考虑，他就是睡不着，在床上辗转反侧。5The new operation system makes_your_computer_easier_to_operate.新的操作系统使你的电脑更容易操作。.课文语法填空Nature is turning on usThe last few years 1.have_seen (see) environmental disasters 2.on_ a grand scale, and experts are predicting far worse to come. Jin Li reports on our Earths 3.changeable (change) weather patterns.In the last decade, thunderstorms, floods, earthquakes, typhoons and tsunamis have become increasingly common. Reduced rainfall has affected large areas of Africa for years, 4.leaving (leave) irrigation canals dry. A number of nations have already been in 5.armed (arm) conflict over water.Volcanic eruptions and earthquakes have always been 6. a_ threat in certain parts of the world. Indonesia has had a rough time, suffering several killer quakes. Why is nature beginning to turn 7. on us? One answer is overpopulation.People in agricultural areas, without any means to earn their living, move to the cities and then construct shabby homes from 8.whatever materials they can find on poor clay soil. These homes, seldom made of bricks, can easily fall down in earthquakes or slip and slide downhill in landslides, especially in 9.mountainous (mountain) areas.Most disaster experts believe there is the potential 10.that things could get a lot worse.Professor Hou Ming, of Beijing University studies volcanoes and he warns that the world has not seen the worst nature can do.串点成篇微表达除了(apart from)聪明之外，吉姆还很勤奋。因此(as a result)，他在学校里总是取得好成绩。他主张(advocate)每个人都应该努力学习，否则(or else)他就不会抓住(seize)好机会。总之(all in all)，你应该对你自己负责(answer for)。Apart_from_being_intelligent,_Jim_is_also_hardworking._As_a_result,_he_is_always_achieving_good_results_at_school.He_advocates_that_everyone_(should)_study_hard,_or_else_he_wont_seize_the_good_opportunity.All_in_all,_you_should_answer_for_yourself.二、勤练高考题型，多练自能生巧.阅读理解Channel Islands foxes can only be found in Channel Islands National Park, a chain of islands off the coast of California. They faced a sharp decrease in number in the late 1990s. Populations of the fox had dropped more than 90 percent on four of the six islands. On Santa Cruz Island, where 1,400 foxes had once lived, fewer than 55 remained. The population on Santa Rosa Island had dropped from 1,780 to just 15.“Golden eagles were the main threat (威胁) facing the small animals，” scientists said. The birds were not native to the islands and had only started frequenting the area in the 1990s after use of the pesticide (农药) DDT wiped out the larger, native bald eagles. “Golden eagle predation (捕食行为) was considered unnatural because golden eagles were rarely observed，” the National Park Service explained on its website. “With the golden eagles sharp talons, swiftness of flight, and four times the body mass of a fox, they easily hunted the fox.”The Channel Islands fox was added to the endangered species list in 2004 a move that led to an enormous effort to save the animal from dying out.Empowered by the Endangered Species Act, at least 300 scientists and conservation (保护) experts, and nonprofit organizations joined forces to start conservation measures, including golden eagle relocation programs. The_hard_work_finally_paid_off.The US. Fish and Wildlife Service announced in December that fox populations on the islands of San Miguel, Santa Rosa and Santa Cruz had “fully recovered”. While the fourth subspecies were still under threat, the Santa Catalina Island fox had been removed from the list of “endangered”语篇解读：本文是说明文。海峡群岛上的狐狸曾经差点灭绝了，经过多方努力之后它们的数量恢复到了一个较高的水平。1What does the author mainly want to tell us about Channel Islands foxes in Paragraph 1?ATheir habitats are limited.BThey dont survive easily.CThey are greatly endangered.DThey once almost disappeared.解析：选D细节理解题。根据第一段可知海峡群岛上的狐狸曾经几近濒危。2What became a big danger to Channel Islands foxes?AIslanders introducing a new species to the islands.BGolden eagles hunting them for food.CBald eagles frequenting the islands.DThe wide use of pesticide DDT.解析：选B细节理解题。根据第二段的第一句可知应选B项。3What was the conservation experts attitude toward Channel Islands foxes in 2004?AConcerned.BPleased.CCurious.DHopeful.解析：选A推理判断题。根据第三段可知，这些狐狸在2004年被列入了濒危物种名单，这促使人们采取行动来保护它们免于灭绝，故可推知动物保护专家那时对这些狐狸很是担忧。4What does the author mean by saying “The hard work finally paid off”？AConservation measures were put into practice.BThe Endangered Species Act became a success.CChannel Islands foxes enemies were wiped out.DThe efforts helped Channel Islands