V-ing形式用法归纳.ppt

V + -ing 形式用法归纳 现 1、作表语 (与动名词的区别） 在 2、作宾补（能跟现在分词作宾补的动词） 分 3、作定语（与动名词的区别） 词 4、作状语 动 1、作主语 名 2、作表语 (与现在分词的区别） 词 3、作宾语（能跟动名词作宾语的动词） 4、作定语（与动名词的区别）,1. The music is moving. 2. What he said sounded inspiring. 3. The story is interesting. 4. The teachers teaching is boring.,现在分词表语,动名词表语,表语(以下doing是动名词，be 是系动词),My hobby is playing football. His goal is going to Beijing University. My job is teaching Class 5 and Class 6. Her job was washing clothes.,以下doing是现在分词， be 是助动词，起结构作用 He is playing football. He is going to Beijing University. She is teaching the Ss maths in Class 6. My mother is washing my clothes.,作表语时的区别,1、现在分词作表语表示主语的特征或属性； 2、动名词作表语表示主语的内容、功能等。,The news is exciting. (现在分词表特征） Her work is nursing children. （动名词表内容） Her favorite job is teaching English.动名词表内容） The story sounds interesting. (现在分词表特征）,四、定语 （做这一成分时， 动名词和现在分词极易搞混) A sleeping bag. = a bag for sleeping (动名词) A sleeping robe. = a robe for sleeping (动名词) A sleeping tent. = a tent for sleeping (动名词) A sleeping dog. = a dog (which is/was) sleeping (现分) A sleeping baby = a baby (who is/was) sleeping (现分) 分词作定语表示一种经常性的动作，表示一种状态 动名词做定语表示的是一种特性与功能,注：ing分词作定语有时意义不同： flying fish 飞鱼 a running dog 走狗 a falling tide 落潮 a crying boy 哭着的孩子 a running machine a swimming pool a waiting room a walking stick a fishing pole a reading room,Guide 1 复习分词的有关用法,分词可以分为：_ _,现在分词-doing 过去分词-done,分词的功能：,具有形容词和副词的作用， 在句中作表语，补语，定语， 状语,分词的形式,现在分词和过去分词 过去分词 done (只有一种形式）,分词的否定式： not +分词,现在分词与过去分词的区别,语态 时态,现在分词- 过去分词-,现在分词- 过去分词-,主动 被动,正在进行 已经完成,意义,现在分词-特征，事物的属性 过去分词-状态，心理活动,复习练习一：根据汉语意思,用所给动词的现在分词或过去分词填空,a film 动人的电影 a mother 受感动的妈妈,(主动),(被动),a leaf 一片飘落的树叶 a leaf 一片落叶,(正在进行),(已经完成),moving,moved,1.move,2. fall,falling,fallen,分词做表语,定语,宾补用法,她现在好累. 这工作累人.,She is very .,The work is .,1. 表语:,运用现在分词或过去分词完整句子,tired,tiring,这就是那只吓人的老虎. 这就是受了惊吓的女孩. （ frighten）,This is the tiger.,This is the girl.,2. 1 定语（单个分词）,frightening,frightened,2.2 定语（分词短语）,正在建房那些人是我的朋友. 去年建造的那座房子将要拆除. 正在建造的那座房子将是个商店.,The people are my friends.,The house will be pulled down.,built last year,The house will be a store.,being built,building the house,*分词短语作定语可改成( ),定语从句,*The people (who are )building the house are my friends. *The house( which was )built last year will be pulled down. *The house( which is )being built will be a store.,我看见那玻璃是破的. 我看见那男孩在把玻璃砸破.,I saw the glass .,I saw the boy .,3.宾补,broken,breaking the glass,Grammar: The Participle phrase used as Adverbial,分 词 短 语 作 状 语,What clauses do you know?,1.When it rains, Ill go to school by bus.,时间状语从句,2.As the day was fine, they decided to go on a trip.,原因状语从句,3.If I go to the Great Wall tomorrow, would you like to come along?,条件 状 语从句,4.Although they did heavy work that day, they were all in high spirits.,让步状 语从句,分词作状语功能表,1.时间,2.原因,3.条件,4.让步,5.方式/伴随,时间状语从句,原因 状 语从句,条件 状 语从句,让步状 语从句,没有合适的状 语从句,A.现在分词作状语学与练,把划线部分改写成分词短语 并说明其功能,1.1.When they saw their teacher, the students stood up.,Seeing their teacher, the students stood up.,*现在分词动作的发出者是( ),句子主语,*现在分词短语作 ( ),时间状语,1.2.After they had finished their homework, they went home.,Having finished their homework, they went home.,*现在分词短语作( ),*Having finished their homework表现的动作在went home( ),故用分词的( ).,时间状语,之前,完成式,2.Because he was ill, he couldnt go to school.,Being ill, he couldnt go to school.,*现在分词短语 作原因状语,3.If you work harder at English, you will make greater progress.,Working harder at English, you will make greater progress.,*现在分词短语 作条件状语,4.Although they felt very tired，they kept running.,*Feeling very tired, they kept running.,现在分词短语 作让步状语,5.The children came into the classroom, and they laughed and talked.(并列句),*The children came into the classroom, laughing and talking.,*现在分词短语 作伴随或方式状语,*Laughing and talking, the children came into the classroom.,*不可改成相应状语从句,把下列划线部分改写成分词短语, 并说明其功能,B.过去分词作状语学与练,1.When she was asked why she did it, she began to cry.,*Asked why she did it, she began to cry.,*过去分词短语作时间状语,*从句的动词用的是被动语态,*过去分词的动作由主语承受,2.Because he was moved by her words, he decided to help the poor boy.,*Moved by her words, he decided to help the poor boy.,*过去分词短语作原因状语,3.If I am given more time, Ill catch up with you.,*Given more time, Ill catch up with you.,*过去分词短语作条件状语,4.Although they had been defeated many times， they continued to fight.,*Defeated many times, they continued to fight.,=Although defeated many times, they continued to fight.,*过去分词短语作让步状语,*为使状语含义更加明确，有时在过去分词前可加上适当连词,*Once used, the car will never be sold again. (once “一旦”),=Once it is used, the car will never be sold again.,*When heated, water turns into steam.,=When water is heated, water turns into steam.,分词作状语时的逻辑主语问题 分词作状语时，其逻辑主语必须同句子的主语一致；如果不一致，需在分词前加一个逻辑主语，分词和它的逻辑主语合称独立主格结构或用状语从句。 1) Being an orphan, the nurse treated him kindly. 2) He being an orphan, the nurse treated him kindly. 3) As he was an orphan, the nurse treated him kindly.,F,T,T,(True or false),Pay attention,被 动,主 动,语态,doing,having done,having been done,being done,1. When he found the door locked, he went home.,2. Since he has traveled too many places , he knows a lot.,_(see) black clouds covering the sky, he stopped his work and went home.,Seeing,_(bury埋) himself in the book, he didnt notice the sound.,_(bury埋) in the book, he didnt notice the sound.,Buried,Burying,Why,be buried in 被埋在； bury oneself in sth.埋头于,1.doing或者being done 几乎同时发生 2.Having done或者having been done 先于谓语动词之前发生,“What a beautiful garden it is!” said the girl, _out of the window. A.looking B.having looked C.to look D.looked _a long way, Bob began to feel tired A.Walking B.Having walked C.To walk D.walked,_ in the queue for half an hour, I suddenly realized that I had left my wallet at home. A. To wait B. Waiting C. Having waited D. To have waited,直接在分词前面加not _ a reply, he decided to write again. Not receiving Receiving not C. Not having received D. Having not received,._that he was in great danger,Eric walked deeper into the forest. A. Not realized B. Realizing not C. Not realizing D. Not to have realized,过去分词作状语时其逻辑主语为主句的主语，此时应注意人称一致。,1）Seen from the top of the hill, the city looks more beautiful to us. 2）Seeing from the hill , we find the city very beautiful.,_for a long time, the book looks old. 1.由于用了很长时间，这本书看上去很旧. _ the book, I find it useful. 2.在使用的过程中，我发现这本书很有用. _ (look) at her, he jumped with joy. _(look) at by her, he jumped with joy.,Used,Using,Looking,Looked,6. Faced with a bill for $10， 000，_. A. John has taken an extra job B. the boss has given John an extra job C. an extra job has been taken D. an extra job has been given to John 7. While watching television，_. A. the door bell rang B. the doorbell rings C. we heard the doorbell ring D. we heard the doorbell rings,_Sunday , I shall have a quiet day at home . A. Being B. It is C. There being D. It being The party will be held in the garden, weather_（2012高考全国卷） A. permitting B. to permit C. permitted D. permit,非谓语的逻辑主语和主句主语相同时可以省略；若不同，则应有自己的主语，即用独立主格形式。,解题步骤，我们一起来总结,1、根据句子结构确定分词的语法成分 2、找准逻辑主语 3、判断主、被动关系 4、指出非谓语的动作是发生在句子谓语动作之前还是之后，从而确定考虑用完成式还是一般式。 5. 最后选定现在或过去分词。,1. Having not seen the film, I cant tell you what I think of it. 2. The men worked for extra hours got an extra pay. 3. Seen from the top of the hill, we find the city more beautiful. 4. Generally speak, facial expressions are helpful communications, too.,Not having,working,Seeing,speaking,单句改错,将状语从句改为分词作状语分三步： 去掉连词; 去掉主语； 将从句中谓语动词改为分词形式（从句为主动语态时，用现在分词；从句为被动语态时，用过去分词）。,We have met with success because we are led by our Party.,Led by our Party, we have met with success.,独立结构,主语 + 分词短语 + 主谓结构 (A, C中的主语不同） A C 独立结构和分词短语一样可以用作状语表时间、原因、条件等。 All the money having been spent, we started looking for work. (= After all the money had been spent, ) Nobody having any more to say, the meeting was closed. (=Since nobody had any more to say, ),Everything (being) taken into consideration, her plan seems more practicable. (=If everything is taken into consideration, ) 状语从句变成独立结构时通常有两个步骤： （1）去掉连词； （2）状语从句中的动词变为现在分词。 为了简练起见，独立结构中的 being 或 having been 往往被省略。 介词引出的独立结构：,with 引出的独立结构通常表示伴随情况或补充说明,有时也具有时间、条件、原因等含义。,with +宾语+现在分词: 表正在发生或进行的主动意义 with+ 宾语+过去分词：表已完成的被动意义 I cant concentrate upon my work with the children playing so noisily outside my window. 孩子们在窗外闹得很厉害，我无法集中精力工作。,With the first point agreed on, we turned our negotiation to another. 第一点取得一致意见后，我们的谈判便转至另一点。,With John working in New York and Lucy traveling most of the week, the house seems empty.,They sat in the room with the curtain drawn.,分词作状语和独立结构的练习,1. (write) in haste, the composition is full of mistakes. 2. (be) short of money, they had to spend the night in a small hotel. 3. All things (consider), he has done his best. 4. The students (do) all the exercises, the teacher went to explain the text.,Written,Being,considered,having done,5. The weather (be) so terrible, we had to spend the day at home watching TV. 6. (graduate) from the college, he went to a village and worked as a teacher there. 7. We couldnt help them, (be) so poor ourselves. 8. He rushed off, even (forget) to take his overcoat.,being,Having graduated,being,forgetting,9. Weather (permit), the spaceship will be launched tomorrow. 10. The last bus (go), we had to walk home. 11. (give) more time, I could perform my duty more satisfactorily. 12. (judge) from last years experience,