何刚强：英语教师谈翻译教学.ppt

拓展 英语翻译教学的 视野 Teaching Translation from a Wider Perspective 复旦大学外文学院 何刚强,传统翻译教学的特征: 围绕课文转 围绕语言点转 为掌握特定的表达或句型服务 ( 以文学作品赏析为主, 内容较窄) 其理念: English Through Translation,典型例子: 1.中国工农红军在长征途中经历了千辛万苦.(suffer) 2.这些青年学生有希望成为头等翻译人材.（promise) 3.什么使他突然改变了主意？（cause) 4.你的话与事实不符（agree) 摘自第三册,English Through Translation 作为一种教学手段或途径,无可非议, 且仍有价值; 但也要看到它的局限性: 1. 呆板, 寻求语言的机械对应; 2. 缺乏语境与语言之外因素的考虑; 结果: 把复杂的翻译活动简单化,以至于学生并不能胜任实际的翻译工作.,世界在你眼前, 我们在你身边. The world is in front of you, and we are beside you. The world is before you, and we are accompanying you. At your service at Expo,狭义翻译教学 V. 广义翻译教学 狭义翻译教学: 纯语言转换操作 广义翻译教学: 跨语言(文化)交际的一种训练, 它 1.不纯粹是语言之间的转换操作; 2. 注意语言背后的文化和民族思维特征; 3. 注意翻译的目的与翻译受用的对象; 4. 强调两种语言的均衡提高,正确认识翻译至为重要 在翻译课堂上, 要结合具体的翻译操作, 引导学生渐渐领悟翻译的本质或真谛, 应是教师努力去做的一件事. 古今中外有许多翻译家, 翻译理论家, 学者在这方面都有不少观点与见解, 可以有选择地将它们融入到翻译课堂中来.,Translation is not a direct and uncritical transfer of words from one language to another. It is a craft, a trade, or an art that demands personal competence in professionals. It demands linguistic skills and language command. It requires the ability to make distinctions, not only in texts to be translated, but also of the contexts, including the situations in which the translation takes place. (Dollerup),翻译并非是直接、不加鉴别地将词语从一种语言向另一种语言进行转换。翻译是一种技艺、一种交换，或者说是一种艺术，要求译者具备专业素质，具备语言的各种技能，能驾驭语言。翻译有赖于这样一种辨别能力：不仅能辨别各类要翻译的文本，而且能辨别这些文本所处的语境，包括翻译实际发生时的情势。,One of the main outcomes of this is that it is rare that there is one and only one easy solution to a translation problem. Usually there is a multiplicity of acceptable renditions of a text. They depend on circumstances in space and time as well as the language pair involved in the actual translation process. They will differ from translator to translator and even with the same translator over the years.,这种情形导致一个重要的结局，即我们很少见到对翻译中出现的问题只有一种解决方式。一个文本通常会有多种可接受的译文。这些可接受的译文不仅有赖于实际翻译过程中所涉及的两种语言，而且也有赖于时空的具体情势。这些译文会因译者不同而异，甚至同一译者因岁月跨越也会有不同的译法。,it must be stressed that translation is not the replacement of one word for another but involves juggling the vocabularies, syntax, and concepts of two linguistic and cultural systems.,必须强调的是，翻译不是对一个词用另一个作替换，而是对涉及两种语言与文化的词汇，句法及观念作巧妙的对应、巧妙的平衡。,I spent as much time in goading myself on to duties that I should have liked to shirk or in getting ready to work as I did in actual labor. If a man has a mind to be thought wiser and a woman handsomer, than they really are, their error is a comfortable one to themselves, and an innocent one with regard to other people, and I would rather make them my friends by indulging them in it, than my enemies by endeavoring (and that to no purpose) to undeceive them.,翻译课要解决什么问题? 或者说, 翻译课要达到什么目的? 一, 要让学生明白一些最基本的翻译道理; 二, 要给学生讲一些最有普遍意义, 最管用的翻译策略与技巧;,翻译教师当自强! 1.要善于吸收翻译理论的营养, 应当粗知中外翻译理论的发展或演变情况; 2.要有翻译实践的历练, 教翻译者自己一定要做翻译,琢磨翻译, 并在此基础上能从理论或技术层面上开展翻译研究, 著书撰文(包括编写相关教材).; 3.要具备相当的文字素养与文字功夫 不做照本宣科的翻译教师!,Essay on the Principles of Translation (论翻译的原则) Alexander Fraser Tytler 外研社 2007 Western Translation Theory: from Herodotus to Nietzsche (西方翻译理论: 从希罗多德到尼采) Douglas Robinson 外研社 2006 Translated! Papers on Literary a