2018_2019学年高中英语Unit19LanguageSectionⅣLanguageAwareness4.docx

Section Language Awareness 4 & Culture Corner.根据词性及汉语意思写出单词1establish vt.建立；设立establishment n建立，创立；机构2expansion n扩展；扩张expand v扩大；扩展3immigration n移居immigrate v(从外地)移居，移民4influence vt.& n影响.补全短语1associate . with .把与联系起来2pass . on to . 把传给3supply sth.for/to . 提供某物给4that_ is 即，也就是说5not only .but also . 不但而且6due to 由于，因为1It was in Shakespeares lifetime that English began to spread around the world.正是在莎士比亚生活的时期，英语开始向全世界传播。句式分析“It was/is . that .”为强调句式。佳句赏析昨天我是在公园见到汤姆的。It was in the park that I met Tom yesterday.2. This not only had American words and expressions, but also introduced a new, simplified spelling which is still in use.这本(词典)不仅有美语的单词和语句，而且介绍了一种新的、简化的拼写，这种拼写至今仍在使用。句式分析not only . but also . “不但而且”为并列连词。佳句赏析他不仅读过这本书，而且记得读过的内容。He not only read the book, but also remembered what he read.3They are so interesting that I watch them again and again.它们如此有趣，以至于我看了一遍又一遍。句式分析so . that . “如此以至于”，that引导结果状语从句。佳句赏析这个男孩跑得如此快以至于我追不上他。The boy ran so fast that I couldnt catch up with him.考点1influence vt.& n影响教材原句However, few have been so influenced by humanity as Lonesome George.但是，很少有东西像“孤独的乔治”一样如此受人类影响。What we read influences our thinking.我们所阅读的书会影响我们的思想。Its all too easy to be influenced by our parents.我们容易受父母的影响。Their friends are having a bad influence on them.他们的朋友对他们有坏影响。(1)influence sb.to do sth.影响某人做某事(2)have an influence on/uponhave an effect on/upon 对有影响under the influence of 在的影响下The advice from his friends influenced him to change his mind.朋友的建议让他改变了主意。Van Gogh had a major influence on the development of modern painting.梵高对现代绘画的发展有着重大影响。I fell under the influence of a history master.我深受一位历史老师的影响。辨析比较affect动词，主要指一时的影响，强调影响的动作。可指一般意义的影响(不分好坏)，也可指不良影响effect名词，have an effect on affectinfluence名词或动词，表示“影响”，主要指对行为、性格、观点等产生间接的或潜移默化的影响1选词填空： affect, effect, influenceWe want to know whether the drug has an effect on peoples health.Once he has made up his mind, nothing can affect his decision.Its clear that her painting has been influenced by Picasso.2完成句子这些书对我的童年产生了很深的影响。The books had_a_deep_influence_on my childhood.我们正在对新员工进行调查，以弄清楚是什么使他们选择了我们的公司。Were conducting a survey of new employees to find out what influenced_them_to_choose_our_company.在他父亲的影响下，他决定从事医学研究。Under_the_influence_of_his_father,_he decided to take up the study of medicine.考点2be associated with与联系；与发生联系教材原句Celebrity is not usually a characteristic associated with middleaged giant tortoises from the Galapagos Islands.加拉帕戈斯群岛的中年巨龟并不是一直就很有名。Whisky is usually associated with Scotland.人们常把威士忌同苏格兰联系起来。They are associated with him in business.他们在生意上与他有来往。(1)associated adj.联合的； 组合的；有关联的associated with 与有联系的(2)associate with sb. 与某人交往或常打交道associate sb./sth.with sb./sth. 把和联系在一起；由联想到(3)association n. 联合；联想；交往；协会； 团体in association with 与合伙/合作；与有关The Great Wall of China is a defence works associated with wars.中国的长城是一座战争防御工事。Dont associate with dishonest kids.不要和不诚实的孩子打交道。We associate the exchange of presents with Christmas.我们由交换礼物联想到圣诞节。We work in association with some local companies to raise money for the homeless.我们与本地一些公司联合，为无家可归的人筹款。1单句语法填空There has always been a close association (associate) between the two schools.Some young girls associate happiness with having money.Many fans are always collecting a lot of information associated (associate) with their favourite stars.2翻译句子他与各种各样的人交往。He_associates_with_all_sorts_of_people.科学家们已得出结论：肺癌与吸烟有很大的关系。Scientists have drawn a conclusion that smoking_is_associated_with_lung_cancer.有很多严重的健康问题与吸烟有关。There_are_many_serious_health_problems_in_association_with_smoking.考点3pass on . to . 把传给/传染给/转嫁给教材原句He is known to be the last surviving member of his subspecies but it is hoped that George will pass on his genes to a new generation.人们知道他是亚种的最后一个活着的成员，但人们希望乔治会把他的基因传给新一代。The teacher asked Mary to pass on the message to the other students.教师要求玛丽把信息传给其他学生。Mike was absent from school yesterday, as he didnt want to pass on his cold to the classmates.昨天迈克没有上学，因为他不想把感冒传染给同学们。Any increase in wage costs is bound to be passed on to the consumers.增加工资的成本必然会转嫁到消费者的头上。pass away 去世pass by 经过pass sth. down 把某物传给pass out 昏过去pass through 穿过，贯穿She passed away peacefully in her sleep.她是在睡眠中安详逝世的。On the way to the tube station she passed by a cinema.去地铁站的路上她经过一家电影院。1介、副词填空Old people pass down/on tradition to the younger generation.With time passing by,_our school will be more and more beautiful.The millionaire passed away,_leaving his children with a large fortune.2翻译句子The old man was directly sent to hospital when he passed out for heart stroke.当心脏病突发而昏过去的时候，那位老人被直接送进了医院。我把你的留言传给我妈妈了。I_passed_on_your_message_to_my_mother.1This not_only had American words and expressions, but_also introduced a new, simplified spelling which is still in use.这本(词典)不仅有美语的单词和语句，而且介绍了一种新的、简单化的拼写，这种拼写至今仍在使用。(1)not only . but also是并列连词，其后连接两个相同的句子成分。They speak English not only in class but also in the dormitory.他们不光在教室说英语，在寝室也说。The sun not only gives us light, but also gives us heat.太阳不仅发光，还发热。(2)使用not only . but also时要注意的问题：not only . but also连接并列主语时，谓语动词的选用遵循就近一致原则。类似的并列连词还有：neither . nor .；either . or .；not . but . 等。Not only you but (also) I am to blame for it.不仅你，连我都要因此而受责备。not only连接两个分句时，如果not only位于句首，第一个分句要用部分倒装结构。Not only did the dog bark at him, but it bit him.这只狗不但对他吠叫，而且咬了他。1单句改错Not only he likes music, but also he likes sports.第一处he_likesdoes_he_likeNot only you but also I are going to be in charge of the matter.aream2翻译句子他不仅闻名中国，而且闻名全球。He_is_famous_not_only_in_China_but_(also)_in_the_whole_world.这里的冬天既不热也不冷。It_is_neither_hot_nor_cold_in_winter_here.2They are so interesting that I watch them again and again.它们如此有趣，以至于我看了一遍又一遍。(1)句中so interesting that . 为“soadj.that . ”句型，that后面的句子为结果状语从句。I was so angry that I couldnt say a word.我如此生气以至于说不出话来。(2)“soadj./adv.that . ”句型的用法：soadv.that . She danced so beautifully that all judges gave her full marks. 她的舞跳得如此好，以至于所有的裁判都给了她满分。soadj.a/an可数名词单数that . It is so interesting a film that everybody likes to see it.这是如此有趣的一部电影，以至于每个人都喜欢看。somany/much/little/few名词that . There were so many people in the street watching the fire that firefighters could not get close to the building.街上围观大火的人太多了，以至于消防队员无法靠近大楼。若将“soadj./adv.”置于句首，句子要用部分倒装结构。So tired was he that he had no appetite for food.他太累了，以至于没有食欲。(3)such . that . 与so . that . 的用法区别：such . that . 与so . that . 意义相同，也是“如此以至于”的意思，但构成不同，具体用法如下：sucha/anadj.可数名词单数that . It is such a cold day that I want to stay at home.天很冷，我想待在家里。suchadj.可数名词复数that从句They are such interesting books that we all like them.它们是非常有趣的书，以至于我们都喜欢。suchadj.不可数名词that从句He made such rapid progress that he did very well in the exam.他进步很快，以至于在考试中取得了很好的成绩。名师点津当little表示“小”而不是“少”时，要用such修饰，而不用so。Such little animals eat so much grass.那么小的动物吃了那么多的草。1. 选词填空： so, suchHis idea was such a good one that we all agreed to use it.Sun Yang swam so fast that nobody could catch up with him in Mens 200 m Freestyle.He earned so little money that he couldnt afford a house.2句型转换The weather was so cold that he had to stay at home.So_ cold_ was_ the_ weather that he had to stay at home.The weather is so fine that we all want to go to the park.It is such_ fine_ weather that we all want to go to the park.非人称转述语法初识原句感知自主探究He is known to be the last surviving member of his subspecies . . it is hoped that George will pass on his genes to a new generation.The numbers of Galapagos tortoises are said to have begun their decline . . it was realised that they could supply excellent fresh meat for passing ships . . they were known to be able to survive for six months without food and water.Nevertheless, it was the effect of the goats introduced to the Galapagos by the early settlers that are understood to have destroyed the ecological balance on the islands and the livelihood of Georges clan. . it was feared that the islands many unique species would be damaged . . but the archipelago is expected to make a full recovery.George was taken to the Charles Darwin Research Centre on Santa Cruz island and provided with a harem from related subspecies, but was said to have been uninterested.(1)转述人们的一般认识或说的话时，我们可以用“It is/was动词(如say, know, hope, realise，believe, claim，suppose, think, fear, predict)的过去分词that .” 结构(如句、句、句)；亦可以把有关的人或事放在句首用“人/事被动形式to_do . ”结构(如句、句、句、句、句、句)。(2)如果转述的动作发生在转述的同一时间，可以用动词不定式的一般式(如句、句、句)。(3)如果转述的动作发生在转述之前，用动词不定式的完成式(如句、句、句)。语法剖析1转述人们的一般认识或说的话时，我们可以用“Itis/was动词的过去分词that . ”结构。常用于这一结构的动词有：predict, say, know, believe, claim, suppose, think, fear等。这一结构称为非人称转述结构。It is said that body language is used in almost every place.据说，肢体语言几乎用于每一个地方。It was feared that the earthquake occurred suddenly when they were having classes.真可怕，他们上课时突然发生了地震。2有时也可以把有关的人和事放在句首，后面用不定式构成“sb./sth.be predicted/said/. to do . ” 结构。We are predicted to have a better environment to study English.It is predicted that we will have a better environment to study English.据预测，我们将有一个更好的学习英语的环境。He was said to be the manager of the company.It was said that he was the manager of the company.据说他是这家公司的经理。The thief is known to have been arrested.It is known that the thief has been arrested.人们知道那个小偷已经被逮捕了。名师点津用不定式结构应注意以下两点：(1)主谓一致They were feared to give up.It was feared that they would give up.他们恐怕会放弃。(2)时态呼应如果转述的动作发生于转述的同一时间，用不定式的一般式。Pollution is thought to be a very serious problem.It is thought that pollution is a very serious problem.人们认为污染是一个非常严重的问题。如果转述的动作发生在转述之前，则用不定式的完成式。The plane is supposed to have been hijacked.It is supposed that the plane was hijacked.人们猜想那架飞机被劫持了。句型转换 It is said that he is going to move to the South this winter.He is said to_ move to the South this winter.People_ say_ that he is going to move to the South this winter.It is known that smoking is harmful to health.Smoking is known to_ be harmful to health.It is said that he is studying English in London now.He is said to_ be_ studying English in London now.应用实战一、链接高考单句语法填空1(全国卷)It is often said (say) that human beings are naturally equipped to speak.2(辽宁高考)The crowd cheered wildly at the sight of Liu