英语翻译translationpra.ppt

Translation Practice,翻译实践,Orientation,Content： English-Chinese and Chinese-English translation practices Basic Translation skills and strategies,Bable Tower,Translation is the communication of the meaning of a source-language text by means of an equivalent target-language text.,Please keep the fire burning. 你的眼睛真大。 If you go, I will go. 加快经济发展速度,Orientation,Arrangment:,Words & phrases,sentences,paragraphs,short passages,How to understand a word and put it into another language,Translation skills; how to deal with long complicated stences,Practices of translation skills; Cohesion and Coherence,Practical styles; style, function,Orientation,Objective： Able to deal with short passages of practical styles, producing faithful and acceptable translation works,Orientation,What could you gain from the course? Prepare yourself for possible translation tasks in the future. Being aware of the differences between English and Chinese. Learn about the possible aids in translation. Transaltion certificates,翻译资格证书简介 全国外语翻译证书考试(CATTI) 全国翻译专业资格（水平）考（NAETI） 上海外语口译岗位证书,Orientation,Requirement Attendance Participation,Criteria for a good translation,严复：信、达、雅 faithfulness, expressiveness, gracefulness faithful & acceptable,直译与意译 literal translation & liberal translation The conclusion we reach is that reform can not be put off. Literal translation, or direct translation, is the translation of text from one language to another “word-for-word” Liberal translation is the translation conveying the sense of the original text.,I have read your articles. I expected to meet an older man. The thick carpet killed the sound of my footsteps. Write my number down in order to remember it. 能直译的尽量直译，不能直译的就意译,语义理解和表达,reference resources,行为艺术 lined eye life expectancy If Main Street didnt understand it, Wall Street did.,search engine: google, baidu 在线词典：百度词典, 维基百科 翻译数据库：CNKI翻译助手（查找专业术语） 计算机辅助翻译软件：TRADOS, CAT 在线交流：翻译论坛，QQ群,Context 语境,The young man walked at the head of the parade. You should use your head a little bit. The dinner cost five dollars a head. He arranged his speech under five heads. Present at the meeting were the heads of government of the four countries. Heads or tails? We are heading south.,台湾问题完全是中国内政。 Taiwan _is entirely an internal affair of China. 大城市的交通问题必须解决。 Traffic _in big cities must be solved. 课后，他向我提了很多问题。 He asked many _to me after class. 你的计划是个好主意，现在问题是我们如何来实现。 Your plan is a good idea, but the _is how to make it.,用户对贵公司的产品意见很大。 The customers have a lot of complaints about your products. 我觉得这是个好主意，你的意见呢？ I think its a good idea. Whats your opinion? 我一定听从您的意见。 Ill follow your advice.,上膘 上当 上吊 上冻 上火 上课 上年纪 上相 上春晚,get fat be taken in hang oneself to freeze get angry attend the class get old/age look well in a photo/be photogenic attend the Spring Festival Gala,Cultrual background,Culture-loaded words: words that reflects cultural information and social life Adams apple He respected Tom. He was his man Friday. It is a Greek gift to you. Trojan Horse 随着该法规的出台，出版社有了紧箍咒。 With the regulation issued, publishers are supervised.,语义的表达,怎样选择最为恰当的表达？ 根据上下文，充分考虑惯用搭配，感情色彩，语体和文体等 惯用搭配：驾崩，阵亡，夭折 感情色彩：褒义：去世， 与世长辞 贬义：玩完了，咽气了 中性：死亡， 语体：书面语：去世，过世 口语：没了，走了 文体：新闻：罹难，遇难 科技说明文，法律文书: 死亡 文学作品：驾鹤西游，香消玉殒,These were all good eggs. 这都是新鲜鸡蛋。 Yesterday, we went to the museum and parks and restarant. 昨天我们参观了博物馆，逛了公园，还下了馆子。 In an effort to reach more readers, many publications have established their own websites. 为了争取更多读者，很多出版物建立了自己的网站。 Ambition is the mother of destruction as well as of evil. 野心不仅是毁灭的根源，也是罪恶的根源。 Her ambition was to be a great actress. 她的志向是成为一名伟大的演员。 I am writing the letter to convey my gratitude to your company. 我谨借本信向贵公司表示感谢/致谢。,归化和异化,to kill tow birds with one stone 一石两鸟，一箭双雕，一举两得 归化（domestication）和异化（foreignization） 归化：使翻译文本符合译入语的文化价值和审美情趣的翻译方法 异化：使翻译文本保留源语的语言文化特色的翻译方法。,Examples of Domestication,Wet like a drown rat Seek a hare in a hens nest Cry up wine and sell vinegar to paint the lily a heart-shaped face I got an O. Henry ending. Two heads are better than one as poor as a church mouse laugh off ones head 挥金如土 力大如牛,Examples of Foreignization,豆腐，功夫，饺子，麻将，关系, DINK, hacker, salad, chain-store to shed crocodiles tear Rome was not built in a day. A rolling stone gathers no moss.,Review,翻译的标准 ： 忠实、通顺 所谓“忠实”，是指译者应该正确地理解和表达原文的意思，保持原作的语气和文本风格。“通顺”，是指译文文字流畅地道，遣词造句应当符合译语的语法规范和表达习惯。在翻译实践中，译者应该恰当处理二者关系，避免译文生硬晦涩。,翻译两大基本方法： 直译 （literal translation）vs 意译 (liberal translation) 归化(Domestication) vs 异化 (Foreignization),直译：既保持原文内容又保持原文形式的翻译方法（形似）。要求在保持内容的前提下，力求使译文与原文在选词用字、句法结构、形象比喻及风格等方面尽可能趋于一致。 意译：忠实于原文内容而不拘泥于原文形式与修辞手法的翻译方法（神似）。即在必要时，可以完全舍弃原文形式.,直译 （literal translation）vs 意译 (liberal translation),英汉翻译的方法很多，其中最主要的方法是直译和意译或直译意译结合。直译不是死译、硬译，而是在尽量保持原文语言形式不变的基础上，用地道的汉语准确地再现原文的内容和风格。意译不是乱译、随心所译，而是舍其形式而取其内容，在不拘泥于原文形式的基础上准确地再现原文的意义。 在翻译实践中，我们一般坚持“能直译则直译，不能直译则意译，必要时则把直译和意译结合起来”的原则。,I wrote a letter to Mary who I belived, could lend me a hand. 我写信给我相信能借我一只手的玛丽。 我写信给我相信能帮助我的玛丽。 我写信给玛丽，相信她能帮我。 我相信玛丽能帮我，于是给她写了信。,文化信息： 专有名词：black horse, 馄炖, chain-store, 一国两制 习语俗语： as close as an oyster It rains cats and dogs. 归化：使翻译文本符合译入语的文化价值和审美情趣的翻译方法 （用译入语中相似的表达替换） 异化：使翻译文本保留译出语的语言文化特色的翻译方法 （音译、直译） You are as smart as King Solomon.,我就是跳进黄河也洗不清。 It cant make me clean even if I jump into the Yellow River. Nothing could bring back my innocence.,词义的引申,这些问题盘根错节。 These problems are too complicated. 他万万没有想到在他前进的道路上会出现这么多拦路虎。 He had never expected that so many obstacles would stand in his way. 这消息让我出了一身冷汗。 I was extremely terrified by that news. 这是他们之间的事情，你去插一脚干嘛？ Thats a business of them. Why should you get involved in it?,语义理解两要素： Context Cultural nbackground,她正在梳头。 一辆小车停在桥西头。 让我从头讲起吧。 Please tell me if you can help us. Im sure Ill beat John this time.,翻译表达四要素：惯用搭配，感情色彩，语体和文体 He is a man of great knowledge and experience. He is a good Christian. Hes very sensitive about being small, so dont mention it. When I need advice, he is a helpful and sensitive friend.,A Brief History of Translation,中国翻译史,佛经翻译,科技翻译,西方政治思想和文学的翻译,马克思主义的传播，五四之后,1,2,3,4,汉代至唐宋,明清交替之际,清末民初,民国之后,佛经翻译,西汉末 佛教传入中原，东汉时开始了佛经翻译,安世高:佛经汉译的创始人,东汉末至西晋 主力是外籍僧人和胡裔 无书面原文，合作翻译 直译,佛经翻译,东晋至南北朝 道 安 总结了比较完善的直译原则,集体翻译 有了梵文原本 翻译理论和技巧有了进步 佛教作为统治的工具,南无”，是梵文Namas的音译，读作那谟，亦译作“南谟”等，意为致敬、归敬、归命，是佛教信徒一心归顺于佛的用语，常用来加在佛、菩萨的名称或经典题名之前，表示对佛、法的尊敬和虔信。“阿弥陀佛”，是梵文Amitabha的音译，密教称甘露王，他是“西方极乐世界”的教主，他能接引念佛人往生“西方净土”，故又称为“接引佛”，意译为“无量寿佛”、“无量光佛”。阿弥陀经称，信徒只要一心念诵阿弥陀佛的名号并深信不疑，死后就可往生“西方极乐净土”。,法显,是我国有文字记载的到达中印度、斯里兰卡、印度尼西亚的第一人也是世界上横穿中亚、南亚次大陆并由南洋海路回到中国的第一人,鸠摩罗什 与真谛、玄奘、不空齐名称四大佛经翻译家 金刚经 临终前他说：“今于众前，发诚实誓： 若所传无谬者，当使焚身之后，舌不焦烂”。果然火化之后“薪灭形碎，唯舌不灰”。,唐宋时期 主译为本国僧人为多且都精通梵汉深晓佛理译经计划性强节译少全译多译场制度完备所译佛经忠实原著。四大佛经翻译家有两人玄奘和不空出自唐代 玄 奘 他是公认的佛经翻译大师。他亲自去印度取经，带回经书600余卷，其中一半以上由他译出。他主张以”信“为本兼顾其它的翻译思想。,汉魏至隋唐期间随著佛教文化的广泛渗入为中国传统文化带来了数万条词语在汉语词汇中留下了浓厚的佛教文化气息使汉语中的成语、词汇更加的丰富、五彩斑斓对中华民族的传统文化产生了深远的影响 如：常用词语都有近五百条。比如：现在、如实、