英语国家社会与文化入门u.ppt

Education in the United States,Trends in Degree Programs Education for All,Trends in degree program,1970s to 1980s: Many students were choosing major fields that would prepare them for specific jobs. They chose management, computer and information science, economy and other fields which can give them a high income .,Trends in degree program,But , some observers believe this trend toward pre-professionalism may be ending and students are switching back to tradition areas of study,Flourishing of Large Universities factors contributing to the flourishing of large universities in America,-Large universities offer the best libraries and facilities for scientific research. -Large universities provide students with “mainframe”(大型机，主机) computer. -Large universities attract students with modern laboratories.,Puritan contribution to American education,-1. In 1634, they open a “Latin grammar” school, a school for those who wanted to prepare for college. -2. In 1636, Harvard College was founded for the training of religious ministers -3. In 1634 and 1638, the Puritans passed laws declaring that all property could be taxed for the common good, which included the support of schools.(清教徒制定的法律规定，所有的财产都要上税，用于支持公益项目，包括对学校的赞助),what students do in their spare time?,Education for All-GI Bill of Rights,The Servicemens Readjustment Act of 1944 ,known informally as the G.I. Bill, was a law that provided a range of benefits for returning World War II veterans (commonly referred to as GI.s). benefits included low-cost mortgages, loans to start a business or farm, cash payments of tuition and living expenses to attend college, high school or vocational education, as well as one year of unemployment compensation. It was available to every veteran who had been on active duty during the war years for at least ninety days and had not been dishonorably discharged. By the end of the program in 1956, 7.8 million of 16 million World War II veterans (49%) had used the GI Bill education benefits and 2.4 million had home loans backed by the Veterans Administration,GI Bill of Rights,“Buy-up” Option Time Limit/eligibility Education,GI.Bill,Education for All-Affirmative Action,Affirmative action is that, absent discrimination, an employers workforce, generally, will reflect the gender, racial, and ethnic profile of the labor pools from which the employer recruits and selects. An affirmative action program is a management tool designed to ensure equal employment opportunity, and includes those policies, practices, and procedures that the Laboratory implements to ensure that all qualified applicants and employees are receiving an equal opportunity for recruitment, selection, advancement, training, development, and every other term, condition, and privilege of employment.,Affirmative Action,An affirmative action program contains quantitative analyses designed to evaluate the composition of the Laboratory workforce and compare it to the composition of the relevant external labor pools; action-oriented programs with specific practical steps to address underutilization of minorities and women (if women and minorities are not being employed at a rate to be expected given their availability in the relevant external labor pools); internal auditing and reporting systems to measure the Laboratorys progress in hiring minorities and