2018_2019学年高中英语Unit21HumanBiology单元小结学案（含解析）.docx

Unit 21 Human BiologyThe Olympic Games are not an annual event. According to the routine, it is held every four years.All athletes feel privileged to take part in the games. They come here not only to seek gold medals but also to challenge themselves. Its true that to win a gold medal means both a large fortune and a great fame.It goes without saying that every athlete aims to get the best results at all costs. However, some athletes turn to doping, which is absolutely prohibited. As is known to all, doping violates fundamental sports spirit and contradicts peoples faith in fair play. So the act of doping cannot be tolerated, and if an athlete wants to achieve success by abusing drugs, his efforts will surely be in vain.So every athlete must obey all the rules unconditionally. In no circumstances should they violate them. And the best performanceenhancing way is not pills but systematic training and hard work.When it comes to winning in sports, teamwork is very important. Meanwhile, every athlete must have faith in himself or herself.Among all Olympic events, track and field events are most exciting and attractive, especially dash, which is a competition of speed. Marathon is also very attractive, which is a test of both physical strength and perseverance.奥运会不是一年一次的赛事。根据惯例，它每四年举办一次。能参加这项体育盛会，所有的运动员都感到非常荣幸。他们不但是为了追求金牌，而且是为了挑战自我。不可否认，获得奥运会金牌既意味着一大笔财富，也意味着很高的知名度。不言而喻，每位运动员都想不惜一切代价取得最好的成绩。然而，有些运动员采取服用兴奋剂的下策，这是绝对禁止的。众所周知，服用兴奋剂既违背体育的根本精神，又违背人们对公平竞争的信仰。因此服用兴奋剂的做法是绝对不能容忍的，如果一位运动员想通过滥用药物来获得成功，他的努力必将是徒劳的。所以，每位运动员都必须无条件地遵守奥运会的一切规章制度，无论如何都不能违背。增强表现的最好办法就是系统的训练和努力工作，而不是药物。当谈到在比赛中获胜时，团队合作非常重要。同时，每位运动员还必须相信自己。在所有的奥运比赛项目中，田径项目是最令人激动和吸引人的，尤其是短跑，它是一项速度的较量。马拉松比赛也很吸引人，它是对体力和毅力的综合考验。第一部分听力(满分30分，限时20分钟)第一节(共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1Where does the conversation probably take place?AIn a restaurant. BIn a supermarket.CIn the kitchen.2What are the speakers talking about?AThe mans sister.BA party.CAn actor.3Who is going to work in Los Angeles?ASam.BBetty.CJohn.4What will the man do next?AGet the candle.BMake a phone call.CHand in his report.5What did the young man do?AHe hit a boy.BHe made a Uturn.CHe crossed the road quickly.第二节(共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。6How does the man get the information about homeless population?AFrom an article.BFrom the radio.CFrom TV.7Which country has the highest percentage of homeless people?AIndia.BThe US.CGermany.听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。8Where does the man work?AIn a school.BIn a gym.CIn a club.9How far can the woman run in an hour on the running machine?AAbout 7 kilometers.BAbout 8 kilometers.CAbout 10 kilometers.听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。10When did the woman catch the thief?AOn Monday morning.BOn Monday afternoon.COn Tuesday morning.11What did the thief buy?ASome small articles.BSome of the cheapest things.COne of the most expensive dresses.12Whats the real relationship between the assistant and the thief?AMother and daughter.BTeacher and student.CShop assistant and customer.听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。13What is the man doing here?ATaking a business trip.BHaving a holiday alone.CVisiting his girlfriend.14How much will the man pay for the insurance?AD|S15.BD|S45.CD|S135.15Where will the man return the car?AIn Los Angeles.BIn San Francisco.CIn New York.16What will the woman do next?ABring the man the keys.BTalk about the insurance.CBring the man some forms.听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。17What are “mall rats” according to the text?AThose who spend a lot of time in malls.BThose who shop regularly in malls.CThose who steal things from malls.18Which is not the reason why people like malls?AFeeling safe.BFree parking.CReasonable price.19How many night clubs are there in the Mall of America in Minnesota?A35.B8.C7.20When was the first indoor mall built in America?AIn 1935. BIn 1963. CIn 1965.答案：15ACCAB610ABCBA1115AACBA1620CACBC听力材料Text 1M：Ill have the steak, French fries and chocolate ice cream for dessert.W：Oh, no, you know these things are bad for your health. How about ordering some vegetables and fruits instead?Text 2W：I hate to say it, but Jacky isnt doing well in the new film.M：Well, I think hes only playing a different type of role. My sister thinks he is still the best.Text 3M：I met Sam on the street today.W：Really? Did he say something about his sister?M：Yes. Betty ought to be leaving New York very soon, because her husband, John, has taken a job in Los Angeles.Text 4M：A power cut. Oh, I have to hand in this report tomorrow.W：Just take out your cellphone to get the candle in the drawer.M：OK.Text 5W：Did you see what that young man did?M：No. I was looking at the other way.W：He made a Uturn in the middle of the block and almost hit a boy on a bicycle.M：Drivers get crazier these days.Text 6W：What are you looking at, Jim?M：Im reading an article about the worlds homeless population.W：Homeless population?M：Yes, sociologists define homeless people as those who have no fixed shelter on any given night. These figures show five countries with large homeless population.W：Wow, thats amazing. I never realized that there were so many homeless people in Germany and France.M：You know what? Our own country the USA ranks number one among these countries!W：Surely not! India tops the list with three million homeless people.M：Well, it depends on how you look at it. Although we have a million fewer homeless people than India, we have the highest percentage of homeless people.Text 7M：Hello, Madam. Were doing a survey of our customers. How often do you come to the club?W：Three times a week, usually.M：Can you run 10 kilometers in an hour on the running machine?W：Oh, no, I cant. Maybe 8 kilometers.M：Do you use the swimming pool? You know, the new swimming pool.W：No, I dont. I dont know how to swim. And Im scared of water.M：OK. You know, we offer lessons here. Im sure our trainer can help you.Text 8W：People are not so honest as they once were.M：Why do you say so?W：Some people are tempted to steal in large shops.M：Did you catch one of them?W：Yes, on Monday morning. There were few people in the shop, so I could catch the thief easily.M：Was it a man or a woman?W：A middleaged woman. She first bought some small articles. Then she chose one of the most expensive dresses in the shop.M：Did she catch the dress away quickly regardless of the assistants?W：Certainly not. An assistant wrapped it up for her and helped her walk out of the shop without paying.M：An assistant? How could she do that?W：She is the daughter of the woman. The girl “gave” her mother a free dress once a week!Text 9W：Good morning, sir. What can I do for you?M：I would like to rent a car with a good air conditioner.W：All our cars have air conditioners in them.M：Good. I am here visiting my girlfriend. I want her to have a good time.W：Oh, is that so? Well, then, let me show you something she might like.M：This is a Porsche!W：Yes. Beautiful, isnt it?M：Yes, it looks fantastic.W：So you will take the Porsche then, sir?M：Yes, for three days. And I want to buy the insurance too. I think its necessary.W：Youre smart to buy it. At 45 dollars for three days, it is a good deal.M：Can I return the car in San Francisco?W：San Francisco? No, sir. We only have this office here. You will have to return it here in Los Angeles.M：OK. It will be fun driving back down the coast. My girlfriend will like it.W：Its a beautiful drive.M：Where are the keys?W：Just a moment, sir. We have to finish filling out the forms first.Text 10Malls are popular places for Americans to go. Some people spend so much time at malls that they are called “mall rats”. Mall rats shop until they drop in the hundreds of stores under one roof.People like malls for many reasons. They feel safe because malls have police stations or private security guards. Parking is usually free, and the atmosphere inside is always fine. The newest malls have beautiful rest areas with waterfalls and large green trees.The largest mall in the United States is the Mall of America in Minnesota. It has 350 stores, eight night clubs, and a sevenacre park! There are parking spaces for 12,750 cars. About 750,000 people shop every week.The first indoor mall in the United States was built in 1965 in Edina, Minnesota. Now people shop in malls, of course. They also eat in food houses that have food from all over the world. They see movies here. Some people even get their daily exercise by doing the new sport of mall walking. Others go to malls to meet friends. In a word, now residents can actually live in their favorite shopping center.第二部分阅读理解(满分40分，限时35分钟)第一节(共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。AFear is an emotion like others such as happiness, anger, hurt and sadness.We need emotions to process information we receive and decide how to respond.Being afraid of fast cars, for example, is something that might protect us from harm.Being afraid of the consequence of a choice may prevent us getting into trouble.Fears in young children commonly center on certain animals like snakes or big dogs.Fears are caused often because of experiences or ideas expressed by others, and at times, the media.Many normal fears during the early years, like men with beards, or large dogs, disappear with age.Those fears relating to personal failure and ridicule (嘲笑) remain through adulthood and may need special help to overcome.Childrens fears are often trivial,_but that doesnt mean they should be ignored.They need to be recognized and accepted as real for that child.Only when we help children understand their fears can they grow normally in their ability to deal with them.Research shows that as a child grows up, the center of his fears changes a lot.Things like divorce, a teacher who “shouted at me”， people with guns, bullies, big boys, or “making fun of me” top the list of childhood fears.We cannot always prevent these experiences from happening, but its essential that children be allowed to freely express their emotions without judgment.Sympathy and a caring listener will help ease the pain of these fears.Read books and stories to your child about children who have experienced similar fears.This helps children talk about their fears and find ways to cope.With all emotions, fears become less of a problem for children as they gain selfconfidence and they find that fear is normal and can be dealt with.语篇解读：本文是说明文。文章主要讲的是小孩恐惧形成的原因及应对的办法，通过恐惧让孩子赢得自信，发现这种情感并不可怕，是可以克服的。21According to Paragraph 2, we can know that fears in young children_.Aonly center on frightening animalsBare not born but learnedCcan make sure of their safetyDneed special help to deal with解析：选B细节理解题。第二段提到“Fears are caused often because of experiences or ideas expressed by others, and at times, the media.”害怕可能由于别人对于事物的描述，或者媒体的描述所导致的，所以不是天生的而是后天所知道的，故选B项。22The underlined word “trivial” in the third paragraph probably means “_”AsmallBseriousCharmful Dcommon解析：选A词义猜测题。根据第三段“Childrens fears are often trivial, but that doesnt mean they should be ignored.”孩子的恐惧通常很小，但并不意味着它们应该被忽视，只有小才容易被忽视，故选A项。23From the passage we can learn that _.Asome childhood fears may have a lasting influenceBchildren should avoid the media to reduce their fearsCfears can be judged according to the environmentDchildren with similar fears can communicate easily解析：选A推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句话“Those fears relating to personal failure and ridicule remain through adulthood and may need special help to overcome.”那些与个人失败或被嘲笑有关的恐惧可能需要一些特殊的帮助才能克服，所以有些恐惧可能有持久的影响，故选A项。24Whats the best title for this passage?AHow to Overcome Childrens FearsBChildrens FearsCThe Kind of Childrens FearsDThe Bad Effects of Fears解析：选B标题归纳题。本文第一段提到恐惧是一种正常的情感，它的存在能让我们避免陷入困境，而孩子的恐惧有时是外界造成的而不是天生的，有时可能问题很小但并不能忽视，实验表明当孩子长大了，就会发生变化。我们不能阻止事情的发生，但允许孩子自由表达自己的看法是非常重要的，让孩子在这个过程中获得自信，所以B项符合题意。BFor many years, our nextdoor neighbors house was a terrible mess.It would be impossible to describe the awful smells of her house.The health department came and shut down an illegal puppy mill (幼犬繁育场) in the house a few years ago.The house was sold for a rather high price because of the good location of the neighborhood.My husband and I looked into the house at that time and were upset by the scene: black mold (霉菌) growing on the walls; cigarette ends all over the floor; the wall between the garage and the living room completely destroyed by water damage.We couldnt spend more than one second in the house before running away.We thought that it would be a teardown, but the new owners set about cleaning the inside.They worked for months making it safe and livable.After everything was clean and tidy, the owners decided to resell the house for a higher price.Yesterday while I was out in my yard, a potential buyer pulled up and asked me what I could tell her about the history of the house.I just said that I didnt know anything.What is my ethical obligation (道德义务) in this situation？Its possible that they have removed all the awful smells, dangerous mold and that the house is safe and livable.But its also possible that they have just structurally fixed the house and that some unsafe mold will take root in the future.I wouldnt personally live there knowing what I know.But really, its none of my business, and given the choice, I wouldnt talk to anyone about what I know.While it feels like a lie not to answer a direct question, I also feel that its not my place to potentially ruin the sellers business deal.If I am asked again, what should I say?语篇解读：本文是夹叙夹议文。是否该隐瞒自己所了解的邻居房屋的真实信息，文章作者就此征求意见。25What can be learned about the authors neighborhood?AIts nice. BIts noisy.CIts wealthy. DIts crowded.解析：选A细节理解题。由第二段中的“The house was sold for a rather high price because of the good location of the neighborhood.”可知，这座房子所在地的环境很好。26Why did the new owners give the house a thorough cleaning?ATo move into it.BTo please the neighbors.CTo get it ready for resale.DTo make it match the surrounding area.解析：选C细节理解题。由第三段中的“After everything was clean and tidy, the owners decided to resell the house for a higher price.”可知，主人对房屋进行彻底清扫是为再次出售做准备。27How did the author feel after saying she knew nothing about the houses history?ASad. BTroubled.CRelaxed. DProud.解析：选B推理判断题。由最后一段内容可知，没有告诉买家这座房屋的历史让作者内心很矛盾。28Why does the author write the text?ATo offer help. BTo ask for advice.CTo make a complaint. DTo give an explanation.解析：选B写作目的题。由文章最后一句“If I am asked again, what should I say？”可知，作者写此文的目的是征求意见。CTop 5 moneymaking websitesPicturenation.co.ukNew photographs are needed every day for company websites, publicsector newsletters, presentations and many other uses.This means anyone with a camera and an eye for a good image (图像) can sell photos for good money.Your earnings depend on the resolution and quality of your photos.Picturenation pays you a 40% commission (佣金) on all pictures, beginning at 40p for a subscription website resolution and going up to 30 for higher resolutions.JUse your drive or your garage to make money！Previously known as ParkatmyHouse, JustPark covers all the UK, and you can put your unused parking space on the site for anyone coming to your area to park in .for cash! If your home is near a railway station or education centre, your space and bank account certainly wont feel ignored.Its free to list on ParkatmyHouse, and you could make 100 per month.RIf youre looking for a better deal than the small savings rates offered by your bank, you can head to RateSetter, where lenders make an average return of 5.5%.RateSetter works as an online financial community by bringing lenders and borrowers together and cutting out the banks.You decide who to lend to and what rate youll charge, as well as how long to lend your money (choose from one to five years) and how much you want to lend (from 10 to 25,000)POnline surveys are a great way to earn money quickly.PineCone Research does better than all other online survey websites by giving you 3 for every completed questionnaire.Registration (注册) is quick and simple (not to mention free)DIf you have designer clothes, shoes or accessories (配饰) that youd like to offload, this website does a good job of selling them for you.They do charge a 40% commission, but once youve sent the item they do everything for you, including authenticating (鉴定) it and wrapping it nicely in tissue paper when its sent to the buyer.29What is the key to selling your photos for good money?ACopyrighting your photos.BOffering highquality photos.CMaking businessrelated photos.DAdding key words to your photos.解析：选B细节理解题。由Picturenation.co.uk介绍内容第二段中的“Your earnings depend on the resolution and quality of your photos.”可知，你的收入取决于你拍的照片的分辨率和质量，因此，要把照片卖个好价钱，你得提供高质量、高显像度的照片。30Which website should David visit if he wants to lend money for a higher rate?AR.BPicturenation.co.uk.CD.DP.解析：选A细节理解题。由题干中的lend money和a higher rate可直接定位到R部分，又由该部分介绍内容中的“lenders make an average return of 5.5%”可知，在R网站，用户可以以高息借出钱。31What do we know about P?AIt charges 3 for registration.BIts instructive to researchers.CIt provides free survey results.DIts competitive in similar websites.解析：选D细节理解题。由P介绍内容中的“Pin