2018_2019学年高中英语Unit24SocietySectionⅢLesson2.docx

Section Lesson 2 & Lesson 3Pre-readingAEvery year thousands of tourists flock to China with the latest edition of Chinas “Lonely Planet” guidebook in their hands. They come to see the grand sights of the Great Wall and the Forbidden City but often it is the hutongs that leave the strongest impression， as they offer travellers a rare view into Chinas past. Hutongs the many little alleys that connect the rectangular courtyards of traditional houses are a feature of ancient Chinese architecture and are still found in the old quarters of a few Chinese cities. Beijings hutongs are particularly famous, however, as there are thousands of them. Nowadays, the word “hutong” has come to mean more than just the alleys that connect the courtyards. It also refers to the courtyards themselves and even to the communities that live there.BThe majority of Beijings hutongs were built between the 13th and 19th centuries during the Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties. To help them keep control over the city, the Emperors during these periods arranged different areas of Beijing in neat blocks of houses built around courtyards.They were then able to place guards at the entrances of the various hutongs, which made it easier to keep an eye on peoples movements. The Emperors home, the Forbidden City, was in the centre of Beijing and the homes of the nobles and wealthy citizens were in the hutongs closest to the royal palace. Ordinary citizens lived in the hutongs further away from the palace.flock to蜂拥而至latest adj.最新的，最近的edition /IdIn/n.版本grand adj.雄伟的，壮丽的“It is/was被强调部分that .”是强调句型，强调the hutongs。leave/make the . impression (on sb.)(给某人)留下印象alley /li/n.胡同，小巷rectangular /rektjl/adj.长方形的feature n特色，特征particularly adv.特别，尤其come to达到(认识、理解或相信的程度)more than后接名词，表示“不仅仅”。refer to指的是the majority of .的大多数keep control over控制arrange vt.整理，布置at the entrance(s) of在的入口处keep an eye on照看，留意which made it easier to keep an eye on .是which引导的非限制性定语从句，修饰前面整个主句的内容。在定语从句中，it是形式宾语，比较级easier作宾补，动词不定式短语to keep an eye on .是真正的宾语。further away from离较远。further是far的比较级。A每年成千上万的游客带着最新版孤独星球中国旅游指南涌向中国。他们来看长城和故宫的壮丽景色，但常常是那些胡同给他们留下最深的印象，因为透过难得一见的胡同，游客能看到中国的过去。胡同很多条连接四合院的小巷子是中国古代建筑的一大特色，今天仍然能在中国少数几个城市的老城角落里见到。然而，北京的胡同格外著名，因为它有数千条。现在，“胡同”这个词不仅仅指连接四合院的小巷子，它还指四合院本身，甚至包括住在四合院里的人们。B北京的胡同大部分建于13至19世纪的元、明、清三个朝代。为了维持对整个城市的统治，那些朝代的皇帝们把北京城的不同地区划分成整整齐齐的四合院院落。他们派士兵把守着胡同的入口，这样做使他们容易监视人们的举动。皇家官邸，即紫禁城，在北京城的正中央，贵族与富豪的府邸位于距离皇宫最近的胡同，普通老百姓住在离皇宫较远的胡同。CBy connecting peoples homes, the hutongs in fact connected peoples lives, whether the lives of the rich or the lives of the ordinary citizens. Because the houses were built facing each other around courtyards, the families who lived there were an important part of each others lives. They supported each other when help was needed and shared the joy and sadness of everyday life, no doubt sharing recipes, borrowing mops, and burning fragrant incense together. The children played in the courtyards and because of the hutongs, courtyards were joined together for miles around creating a network of people working, playing and living together a real community.DTowards the end of the Qing Dynasty, the conditions in Beijings hutongs went down as the political situation cast a dark cloud on Chinas economy. Many new hutongs were quickly built to house the increasing population but these were poorly made. The turning point came when the Peoples Republic of China was set up. Conditions improved a great deal and the government undertook the preservation of many of the oldest hutongs.EHutongs are still an important part of Beijing life and it is not surprising that tourists love the hutongs. They can walk up Sanmiao Street, which dates back 900 years, wander down Rongxian the longest hutong at 2 km or squeeze through Qianshi the narrowest at only 40 cm wide! They can also stop under a stone arch and watch the hutong world go by while enjoying a plate of Beijings best “Peking Duck” or satisfying their thirst with a cold Tsingtao beer. The hutongs not only link Beijings streets and communities after all, but also its past and present, showing that Beijing is truly an ancient yet modern city.the rich富人，“theadj.”表示一类人。whether . or .不管是还是share the joy and sadness同甘共苦fragrant /freIrnt/adj.有香味的incense n香(尤指宗教礼仪用的)现在分词短语creating a network of people .作结果状语，其中working, playing and living together又作people的后置定语。cast /kst/vt.投下cast a dark cloud on .在投下一片阴云as the political situation cast a dark cloud on .是as引导的原因状语从句。house vt.安置poorly adv.糟糕地turning point转折点set up建立(国家、组织、机构等)a great deal许多，大量a great deal of后跟不可数名词。undertake /ndteIk/vt.着手做，从事preservation /prezveIn/n.维护，保存walk up沿走up此处意为“沿着(一般指向高处、向上游、向北、向大城市)”。date back (to .)追溯(至)squeeze /skwiz/vt.挤arch /t/n.拱顶go by经过，过去satisfy vt.满足，使满意thirst /st/n.口渴while enjoying .是状语从句的省略。当状语从句中的主语与主句的主语一致，且其谓语部分含有be的某种形式时，可将主语和be动词一起省略。showing that .是现在分词及其后的宾语从句作状语，表示伴随。C胡同不仅使家家户户相通，实际上不管是富人还是普通人，他们的生活都被胡同联系起来了。因为四合院的房子门对门围绕院子四面建成，所以生活在那里的人都成为彼此生活中重要的一部分。他们相互扶持，同甘共苦，更不用说分享菜谱、借用拖把和一起点香了。孩子们在院子里一起玩耍，也正因为有了胡同，方圆好几里的四合院被连接起来，构成了人们一起工作、一起娱乐、一起生活的网络一个真正的社区。D到了清朝末年，中国的经济受到政治局势的不良影响，北京胡同的状况也每况愈下。为了容纳新增的人口，很多新胡同都是草草建成，质量欠佳。中华人民共和国成立以后情况有了转机，胡同的条件得到了很大的改善，政府对很多早期的胡同进行了修缮和保护。E胡同仍然是北京生活的一个重要的部分，难怪游客们喜爱胡同。他们可以在900年前修建的三庙街散步，或徜徉在最长达两千米的绒线胡同，或侧身挤过最窄处只有40厘米的钱市胡同！他们还可以在石拱门下停留，享受一盘最好的北京烤鸭或一杯解渴的冰镇青岛啤酒的同时，望着这胡同世界缓缓而过。胡同不仅连通了北京的街道和社区，它还联系着北京的过去和现在，它证明了北京的确是一座古老而现代的城市。PrereadingPlease match the words with their proper meanings.1rotAto press something firmly together with your fingers or hand2cast Bnot to read, mention, or deal with something that would normally come or happen next3squeeze Cto decay by a gradual natural process, or to make something do this4skip Dto make light or a shadow appear somewhere5undertake Eto promise or agree to do something6collision Fselect by a vote for an office or membership7merciful Gshowing or giving mercy8elect Han accident resulting from violent impact of a moving object答案：15CDABE68HGFLeadinAs we all know, Beijing is famous for its Hutongs and the Great Wall. If you visit Beijing, which one do you want best and why?参考答案：I_want_to_visit_the_Great_Wall.Chinas_Great_Wall_is_known_to_the_world_as_one_of_the_seven_great_wonders_of_the_world._It_is_located_in_North_China._It_is_over_6,000_kilometres_in_length_and_25_feet_high_on_average._The_ancient_people_started_to_built_the_wall_in_the_7th_century_BC_with_earth,_brick_and_stone,_and_joined_it_in_the_Qin_Dynasty._The_Great_Wall_was_built_in_ancient_China_to_keep_out_invaders,_however,_it_is_now_regarded_as_one_of_the_most_important_tourist_spots_in_our_country_or_even_in_the_whole_world._Every_year,_it_is_visited_by_thousands_of_people_from_all_over_the_world.WhilereadingFastreadingScan Lesson 3 and answer the following questions.1Whats the best title for the article?Beijings_Hutongs.2What do foreigners want to see in Beijing?The_grand_sights_of_the_Great_Wall,_the_Forbidden_City_and_the_hutongs.3What did the government do with the hutongs after 1949?The_government_undertook_the_preservation_of_many_of_the_oldest_hutongs.CarefulreadingFill in the blanks according to the text.ParagraphsMain ideasDetailsParagraph 1Definition ofthe hutongOriginally, the hutong refers to the 1.many_little_alleys connecting the courtyards of traditional houses. Now “hutong” also refers to the 2.courtyards_themselves and even to the communities that live there.Paragraph 2History of hutongsMost hutongs in Beijing were built between 3.the_13th_and_19th_centuries. Hutongs made it easier for the rulers to 4.keep_control_over_the_city.Paragraph 3Life connectionHutongs connect peoples homes as well as 5.peoples_lives. People living in hutongs share their 6.joys_and_sadnesses.Paragraph 4Bad times for hutongsTowards 7.the_end_of_the_Qing_Dynasty,_the conditions in Beijings hutongs went down. 8.The_turning_point came when the Peoples Republic of China was founded.Paragraph 5Hutongs todayHutongs are still an 9.important_part of Beijing life. The hutongs not only connect Beijings streets and communities, but also its 10.past_and_present.StudyreadingAnalyze the following difficult sentences in the text.1They supported each other when help was needed and shared the joy and sadness of everyday life, no doubt sharing recipes, borrowing mops, and burning fragrant incense together.句式分析本句中第一个and连接两个并列分句，第一个分句中含有when引导的时间状语从句，第二个分句省略了主语they；三个并列的现在分词短语sharing recipes, borrowing mops, burning .作伴随状语。尝试翻译他们相互扶持，同甘共苦，更不用说分享菜谱、借用拖把和一起点香了。2The children played in the courtyards and because of the hutongs, courtyards were joined together for miles around creating a network of people working, playing and living together a real community.句式分析尝试翻译孩子们在院子里一起玩耍，也正因为有了胡同，方圆好几里的四合院被连接起来，构成了人们一起工作、一起娱乐、一起生活的网络一个真正的社区。.阅读理解AWhen I arrived at 6 am. in the hospital kitchen, Rose was already checking name tags (标签) on the trays (托盘)“Hi, Im Janet.” I tried to sound cheerful, although I already knew Roses reputation for being impossible to work with. “Im scheduled to work with you this week.”Rose, a middleaged woman, stopped what she was doing and looked closely over her reading glasses. I could tell from her expression she wasnt pleased to see a student worker.“What do you want me to do? Start the coffee？” I asked.Rose nodded and went back to checking name tags.I filled the 40cup pot with cold water and began making coffee when Rose yelled, “Thats not the way to make coffee！” She stepped in and took over. Nothing I did pleased her.Back at home, I stayed alone in my room, fighting back tears. I thought, “Maybe she didnt feel well. Maybe she had some trouble.” I decided to forgive her and try to get along with her.The next morning, I ignored the hurtful remarks thrown in my direction and did things Roses way as much as possible.Over the next few days an amazing thing began to happen. My focus shifted from what she was doing to me, and I started seeing Rose as the person she was hurting. The icy tension began to melt away.Throughout the rest of the summer, we had numerous opportunities to work together. Each time she seemed happy to see me. As I worked with this lonely woman, I listened to her something no one else had done. I learned that she was burdened by elderly parents who needed her care and her own health problems.That summer I learned a lesson Ive never forgotten. The world is full of people like Rose annoying, demanding, unlovable yet hurting inside. Ive found that love is the best way to turn an enemy into a friend.1What was Roses attitude towards the author the first day they met?APolite.BCurious.CDissatisfied.DUnashamed.解析：选C推理判断题。由第六段末的“Nothing I did pleased her.”可推断， Rose 与作者认识的当天对作者很不满意。2After getting home from work, the author _.Awas very tiredBfelt quite upsetCwas pretty lonelyDfelt generally unwell解析：选B细节理解题。由第七段中的“fighting back tears”可知，作者回家后感到很不开心。3What did the author do after her first day of working with Rose?AShe hurt Rose.BShe helped Rose.CShe ignored Rose.DShe tolerated Rose.解析：选D细节理解题。由第七段中的“I decided to forgive her and try to get along with her.”可知，与Rose 第一天合作后，作者开始包容Rose。4What can we infer from the text?ANever judge by appearances.BFriendship is love with understanding.CMisfortunes test the sincerity of friends.DMan has not a greater enemy than himself.解析：选B推理判断题。由最后两段尤其是文章末句“Ive found that love is the best way to turn an enemy into a friend.”可知，作者对Rose采取了包容的态度后两人关系变得和谐，作者逐渐理解了Rose，且两人最终成了朋友。据此可推断，友谊就是爱和理解。BEvery time your fingers touch your cellphone, they leave behind trace amounts of chemicals. And each chemical offers clues to you and your activities. By analyzing them, scientists might be able to piece together a story about your recent life, a new study finds.A molecule (分子) is a group of atoms. It represents the smallest amount of some chemical. Your skin is covered in molecules picked up by everything youve touched. With each new thing your skin contacts, you leave behind some small share of what itd touched earlier.Researchers at the University of California, San Diego (UCSD) recently analyzed such chemical leftovers on the phones of 39 volunteers. The study was led by biochemist Amina Bouslimani. To explore those residues (剩余物), the UCSD team wiped the surface of each volunteers phone with a cotton swab (药签). The scientists also swabbed each persons right hand. Then the researchers compared the chemicals found on each cellphone.The scientists discovered as many of the molecules as they could. They then compared these to a database of chemicals. Pieter Dorrestein, a UCSD pharmaceutical chemist, had helped set up that database a few years earlier, which contains various substances, including spices, caffeine and medicines.Traces of anywhere from hundreds to thousands of different molecules turned up on each phone. The molecules reflected what had been in the body, and what each person had handled before touching the phone. From all these molecules, Bouslimani says, “We could tell if a person is likely female, uses highend cosmetics (化妆品), dyes her hair, drinks coffee, prefers beer over wine or likes spicy food.”Police already use molecular analyses to look for traces of explosives or illegal drugs. To date, Dorrestein says, hes never heard of police using phone residues to narrow down behavioral clues to search for a suspect. But detectives might one day use such data to track down someone who left a phone behind at a crime scene.语篇解读：本文是说明文。研究发现，通过分析遗留在手机上的化学物质可以了解手机使用者的生活方式。5By analyzing the residues on the phone, we can conclude its users _.ApersonalityBlifestyleCappearanceDintelligence解析：选B推理判断题。由第一段中的“By analyzing them, scientists might be able to piece together a story about your recent life”和倒数第二段中的“We could tell if a person is likely female, uses highend cosmetics, dyes her hair, drinks coffee, prefers beer over wine or likes spicy food.”可推知，通过分析遗留在手机上的化学物质可以了解手机使用者的生活方式。 6What was the first thing the researchers had to do for the study?AComparing different chemicals.BHiring volunteers with cellphones.CCollecting the chemicals from phones.DBuilding a database containing chemicals.解析：选D细节理解题。由第四段中的“Pieter Dorrestein, a UCSD pharmaceutical chemist, had helped set up that database a few years earlier, which contains various substances, including spices, caffeine and medicines.”可知，研究员们所做的第一项工作是建立数据库。7Whats the authors attitude towards the application of the research finding?ADoubtful.BDisappointed.CPositive.DUninterested.解析：选C推理判断题。由末段中的“But detectives might one day use such data to track down someone who left a phone behind at a crime scene.”可推知，作者对研究结果的实用性持认可的态度。8What should be the best title for the text?ACellphones will be used in more fieldsBMolecules are used to search for illegal drugsCYour phone may be home to various chemicalsDFingers leave telltale clues about you on your phone解析：选D标题归纳题。本文旨在说明手机上遗留的化学物质可以透露出手机使用者的一些情况，故D项作标题最能概括文章主旨。CIf youre a college student, who could blame you for not paying attention to that mounting student loan (贷款) balance? But once you graduate, your new monthly student loan bill will be hard to ignore. After all, missing a payment isnt like turning in a term paper late; debt collectors arent nearly as forgiving as your Chemistry 201 professor. What can you do to repay your student loans sooner?If you can manage it, repay your loans on the standard 10year repayment plan. Youll pay less interest and get rid of your loans sooner. And its a good idea to throw extra money at your bill when you can to speed up the process. If youre really troubled with cash, switch to an incomedriven student loan repayment plan. The government offers four options that make your payments a percentage of your income, so youll pay less when you earn less.Next, think about where you can cut costs elsewhere in your life so you can pay your loan bills. Focus on saving money in ways that make sense for your lifestyle. That way you wont feel deprived of (被剥夺) everything you enjoy, and you can cut out expenses that you truly dont need.Car payments can be especially costly. Consider giving up a car and signing up for Zipcar, car2go or another car sharing service if its available in your city. These companies let you rent a car hourly, which can help when public transportation wont get you where you need to go.Now its on to smaller expenses and some you might not even know youre paying. Its easy to sign up for a service that automatically charges you every month, such as the gym, ClassPass, Spotify or Netflix. Cancel them if youre not using them at least a few times a week. A service such as Truebill will track your monthly payments and show you which ones youre not using so you can cancel.语篇解读：本文是说明文。大学毕业后，很多人面临助学贷款的压力，该如何按时还贷呢？9What does the author aim to tell us in Paragraph 1?AMissing a payment is common for graduates.BThere are good ways to pay student loan bills.CPaying student loan bills on time is necessary.DSome students easily ignore their student loan bills.解析：选C推理判断题。由第一段中的“But once you graduate, your new monthly student loan bill will be hard to ignore. After all, missing a payment isnt like turning in a term paper late; debt collectors arent nearly as forgiving as your Chemistry 201 professor.”可知，作者想表明的是：必须按时还助学贷款。10What is a disadvantage of following an incomedriven student loan repayment plan?AYou will be offered only one option.BYou may end u