2018_2019学年高中英语Unit22EnvironmentalProtection单元质量检测（一）北师大版.docx

单元质量检测（一） (时间：100分钟满分：120分).阅读理解(共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。AVisitors to Hot Springs National Park in Arkansas really follow the crowd. The park contains 47 hot springs. And tourists can take relaxing soaks at a bathhouse in the park that uses warm water from the nearby hot springs.Great SpringsAt 5,550 acres, Hot Springs National Park is the smallest national park in the United States. People have been coming to the area for hundreds of years to enjoy its natural hot baths. Starting in the 19th century, several bathhouses that offered baths with spring water opened in the region. Many visitors with illnesses went there, believing that the waters could help cure (治愈) them.The area became a national park in 1921. People arent allowed to take baths directly in the springs. But you can still visit the one bathhouse that remains in operation at the park. You can also drink the spring water from special fountains (喷嘴式饮水器) around the park. And dont worry about burning your tongue. When the water flows from the ground into the pools, its very hot. But it cools before reaching the parks baths and fountains.Home at Hot SpringsBesides the springs, visitors to the park can also see some pretty cool wildlife. Sounds like there are a lot of ways to have fun at Hot Springs National Park!Fees & PassesThere is no entrance fee for the park.Camping FeesYour stay is limited to 14 days at a time. Longer stays require you to move to a different campground outside of the national park. All sites can be used for tent camping. All sites areD|S30 per night or D|S15 per night with a Senior Pass or Access Pass card. Senior and Access passes can be bought at the park store.语篇解读：本文是应用文。文章介绍了美国阿肯色州温泉国家公园。1What do we know about Hot Springs National Park?AIt was set up in the 1920s.BIts bath water is very hot.CIt is the smallest national park worldwide.DIts bathhouses were opened in recent years.解析：选A细节理解题。根据Great Springs中的“The area became a national park in 1921”可知，美国温泉国家公园成立于1921年。2What can visitors do at the park?ATake baths in the springs directly.BHave their illnesses cured.CVisit many old bathhouses.DDrink its spring water.解析：选D细节理解题。根据Great Springs部分中的“You can also drink the spring water from special fountains (喷嘴式饮水器)”可知应选D项。3If visitors want to camp at the park, they should .Abring their own tentsBgo to the park store firstCstay for no more than 14 daysDchange campgrounds every day解析：选C细节理解题。根据Fees & Passes部分中的“Your stay is limited to 14 days at a time”可知，在美国温泉国家公园露营一次最多只能停留14天。BWhales have been hunted for their meat and oil for centuries. In the 18th and 19th centuries, whaling (捕鲸) became an industry. As time went on, whaling ships caught more whales than the animals could reproduce. By 1930, 50,000 whales were killed every year.In the 20th century factory ships changed the whaling business completely. Whales were caught and processed on board. Advanced technology made it possible to track whales in the water.Whaling is important in Norway, Iceland and other countries in the northern Atlantic as well as in Japan. For many years, the International Whaling Commission (IWC) set quotas (配额) for each country. In 1986, it banned whaling altogether, so that the population would recover. Norway and Iceland, countries in which whaling is a major source of income, do not obey the ban, but they have set their own catch quotas. Since the ban, over 30,000 whales have been killed. Japan, on the other side, allows whaling for research purposes. Whale meat has always been an important part of the Japanese diet.The IWC allows some people to continue hunting whales, for example the Inuit of the Arctic region. They rely on whale meat for food and use whale oil in everyday life.All in all there are thirteen types of whales. Many of these species have been extremely decimated. Some are showing signs of population increase, but the blue and grey whales are still in danger of becoming extinct. There are other threats to whales as well. Some are killed through collision (碰撞) with ships, and others by the loud noises that ocean ships make.Whales are important to humans for many reasons. In remote regions, whale oil is still used as fuel for lamps. It has also been widely used to make cosmetics, soap, candle wax and washing powder. Many cultures used the mammals bones to make tools and carve masks. Although environmentalists are constantly campaigning against hunting whales, countries like Norway and Japan still say it is deeply rooted in their countrys tradition.语篇解读：本文是说明文。鲸鱼是海洋中体型最大的动物，是海洋中的巨无霸，然而近年来由于人类捕鲸技术的进步，鲸鱼被大肆捕杀，鲸鱼的命运岌岌可危。4What was the biggest threat to whales in the 20th century?ALoud noises.BAdvanced technology.CWater pollution. DCollision incidents.解析：选B细节理解题。由第二段“Advanced technology made it possible to track whales in the water”可知，二十世纪对鲸鱼的最大威胁是人类技术的进步。5What can we infer from Paragraph 3?AThe IWCs ban on whaling has been ignored.BThe IWC allows whaling for research purposes.CThe Inuit rely much on whaling for economic gains.DJapan has taken effective measures to protect whales.解析：选A推理判断题。由该段内容可知，IWC组织的有关禁止捕鲸的禁令并没有被相关国家遵守。 6What does the underlined word “decimated” in Paragraph 5 mean?AProcessed. BProtected.CDestroyed. DConcentrated.解析：选C词义猜测题。由画线词之后的“.but the blue and grey whales are still in danger of becoming extinct. There are other threats to whales as well”可知，decimated意为“大批杀死，毁灭”， 同destroy意义接近。 7What can we learn from the last paragraph?AWhales are hunted for no good reason.BThe future of whales is still worrying.CThe ban on whaling is unreasonable.DWhales are important in our lives.解析：选B推理判断题。由最后一段可知，尽管环保主义者不断反对捕鲸，但是挪威和日本这些国家仍坚称捕鲸是深植于他们文化中的传统。由此可知，鲸鱼的未来仍令人担忧。 CSquare foot gardening is a type of gardening made popular by Mel Bartholemew. It is based on the idea that the wide rows in traditional gardening are a waste of time, work, water and area. It shows that quality vegetables can be grown in less space with less work. In this method, the garden space is divided into “beds”. Each bed is 4 4 (16 sq ft)(120 cm 120 cm, 1.4m2)The beds are separated by paths (小路). These beds are further divided into squares of about one square foot. Common spacing is one plant per square for larger plants such as broccoli, four per square for medium large plants like lettuce, nine per square for medium small plants like spinach, and sixteen per square for small plants such as onions and carrots. The weeds (杂草) are removed from the beds and the plants are watered from the paths. This stops the soil from being compacted (压紧)Benefits of square foot gardening：Much less work. Normal gardening needs heavy tools to loosen the soil. In this method, the soil is never compacted and it remains loose.Water savings. The loose ground holds the water better. This type of garden needs water less often than other methods. Also, water is placed very near the plant roots. Less water is wasted.Very few weeds. The vegetables form a living mulch (覆盖物) and shade out many weeds before they can start to grow.Pesticides (杀虫剂) are not needed. Natural ways to keep pests away work very well in a close space. Many different types of plants in a small area also stop plant diseases from spreading easily.语篇解读：本文为说明文。文章介绍了平方尺菜园的操作方法和益处。8Why does square foot gardening become popular?AIt makes full use of space.BIt is suggested by Mel Bartholemew.CIt provides more vegetables for people.DIt produces vegetables of higher quality.解析：选A细节理解题。根据第一段的“It shows that quality vegetables can be grown in less space with less work”可知，平方尺菜园能够充分利用空间。9Why is the gardening called square foot gardening?AVegetables are grown in the squares.BYou can grow vegetables anywhere by using it.CThe smallest bed in it is only one square foot.DThe places where vegetables are grown are too small.解析：选C推理判断题。根据其名称和第一段中的“These beds are further divided into squares of about one square foot”可知正确答案。 10What can we infer from the text?ALoose soil is good for plant growth.BOnions and carrots need more space.CCompacted soil is important to some plants.DSquare foot gardening needs some heavy tools.解析：选A推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句和“Normal gardening needs heavy tools to loosen the soil”可知，松散的土壤有利于植物的生长。11Why are there fewer weeds in square foot gardening?AWeed killers are used.BWeeds cant get sunlight.CWeeds are short of water.DWeeds have been removed. 解析：选B细节理解题。从Benefits的第三条可知，蔬菜遮住了杂草的阳光，因为见不到阳光，所以杂草很少。DRegarded as geeks (怪人), scientists have been struggling with their image (形象) in society for decades. However, in recent years there has been a new understanding because of the rise of “Pop Star Scientists”. They are pioneers of a movement aiming to educate the general public about all matters relating to science, and most importantly inspire the next generation. But have these scientists actually made people develop an interest in science? Do popular science TV shows cover too little science to be correct?Scientists have a lot to thank Professor Brian Cox and Sir David Attenborough for. The two most outstanding science broadcasters of the moment have attracted a wide audience to their shows. Back in late March, Stargazing Live returned with special broadcasts from Australia attracting over 1.5 million viewers the top rated show of the day on BBC 2. In 2016 Planet Earth was the Radio Times Critics 8th best show of the year, and was more watched than The X Factor, with particular popularity among the 1635 age group.However, many believe that the task of making science popular would require a level of “dumbing down (弱智化)”. Professor Cox was blamed for some of his explanations given in a speech called “A Night with the Stars”. And yes, being completely correct is an important part of any field, but the media often act as the gateway to discovering science at a higher level.Since 2014, the number of college students choosing to study science has started to fall gradually. In 2016, only 4.2% of them chose physics. This worries both scientists and the government, and the latter has encouraged more students to study science. However, the evidence suggests that what is now being done is not enough to actually take the public further than simply watching a TV program, and more needs to be done to improve science in the media to reach todays children. The road to popularity is still a long one for scientists.语篇解读：本文是说明兼议论文。如今，有些明星科学家通过媒体向大众普及科学，这能让更多的人对科学产生兴趣甚至进入科学领域吗？本文对此展开了讨论。12How do “Pop Star Scientists” improve scientists public image?AThey value correctness in science.BThey work hard to become famous.CThey make science easily understood.DThey equip themselves with learning.解析：选C推理判断题。由第一段中的“They are pioneers of a movement aiming to educate the general public about all matters relating to science .”可知，这些明星科学家致力于向大众教授一切和科学有关的事物，即让科学变得通俗易懂，从而改变了科学家与世俗社会格格不入的传统形象。13What can be learned from Paragraph 2?AStargazing Live is a new science TV show.BScience broadcasters are usually leading scientists.CYoung people hadnt shown interest in science before.DScience programs are becoming popular among the public.解析：选D推理判断题。由第二段Stargazing Live超高的收视率和Planet Earth 在青少年中的流行可知，科学类节目正广受欢迎。14What does the author probably think of Professor Coxs work?ARather simple.BQuite helpful.CCompletely wrong. DTotally unnecessary.解析：选B推理判断题。由第三段中的“. but the media often act as the gateway to discovering science at a higher level”可知，尽管许多人认为科普会让高深的科学变得“弱智”，Cox教授也因为演讲中不精准的解说而被谴责，但是媒体只是通往更高水平的科学的入口。由此推知，作者认为Cox教授的工作是有其积极作用的。15What is the problem mentioned in the last paragraph?ANot so many students learn science at a high level.BScience TV programs are not suitable for children.CPhysics has become the least popular science subject.DScience cant be difficult and popular at the same time.解析：选A推理判断题。由最后一段可知，深入学习科学的学生正在逐年减少，政府和科学家已经意识到这一问题，因而用科学节目吸引当代学生，让科学变得受欢迎对于科学家来说依然任重道远。.阅读七选五(共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分)根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Want to live in a perfectly clean environment and make it shine brightly? 16 Then you will not need to purchase expensive cleaning products.Clean the toilet with Coke. Its amazing how powerful Coke might be as a toilet cleaner. 17 Youll save your health by not consuming chemicals that Coke contains and save money by not purchasing professional cleaners. Pour some cola over the stains and leave it all for a few hours. Then let water wash the toilet!Remove water stains with orange peels. Youve just eaten an orange. 18 Do not throw away those orange peels. You can use the skins to clean stainless steel. Your appliances will shine again after you rub (擦) them with the skins. The peels can easily make those stubborn stains disappear in a second.Use banana peels to polish leather furniture. Experts claim that banana peels are great for polishing leather sofas and armchairs. Banana skins are rich in oils and have the right texture to do the task. 19 Afterwards, remove the leftover with a cloth. This trick is simple and cheap. Use it if you want your leather furniture to look brand new again. 20 Why would you want to buy one when you can make your own product that is cheap and nontoxic (无毒的)? Just pour 2 liters of slightly warm water into a deep bowl. Then add 50ml white vinegar and half a teaspoon of dishwashing liquid. Shake the bowl and then fill up a plastic spray with the mixture. Use it to clean windows and mirrors. Make your glass surfaces clean and shiny.AWait a minute!BMake your own glass cleaner.CFollow the steps given below.DOf course your answer is “yes”EThey leave no marks or scratches.FInstead of drinking it, use it to clean the toilet bowl.GThey are economical and safe to use on all of furniture.语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。想生活在一个干净的生活环境中，让一切光洁发亮吗？那就按照以下步骤来做吧。无须购买昂贵的清洁用品，只需要一些小妙招。16解析：选C根据空格前后的内容以及接下来列举的几条小妙招可知，C项“跟着以下步骤做”能起到承上启下的作用。17解析：选F本段讲的是用可乐清洁厕所，故F项“不是喝掉可乐，而是用之清洁马桶”符合语境。18解析：选A根据下文中的“Do not throw away those orange peels”可知，吃了橘子后，稍等片刻，不要扔掉橘子皮，你可以用之清理不锈钢。所以选A。19解析：选E根据上文中的“Banana skins are rich in oils and have the right texture to do the task”可知香蕉皮富含油脂，材质也非常适合擦拭皮质，不会留下污痕或划痕。所以选E。20解析：选B根据下文中的“you can make your own product that is cheap and nontoxic (无毒的) .”“Use it to clean windows and mirrors. Make your glass surfaces clean and shiny”可知，本段讲的是如何自制玻璃清洁剂，故B项符合语境。.完形填空(共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分)阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Garbage trucks pick up rubbish and take it to dumps (垃圾场). Over time, the piles of rubbish at the dumps get bigger. The dumps are getting 21 . Now, we know that some things people throw away can be 22 . Recycling (回收) trucks come to many homes to 23 these recyclables.Some people sort their 24 into two separate boxes. This is called twostream recycling. One box 25 paper products, and one box holds plastic, glass, and metal materials. Other people 26 singlestream recycling. They do not sort their recyclables into 27 boxes.The recycling trucks collect the recyclables that people throw away and 28 the materials to recycling centers. In some places, workers 29 the materials by hand, 30 many places use workers as well as machines to sort the recyclables.New technology has made recycling centers more 31 . Large machines with magnets (磁铁) sort metal materials. The magnets separate steel cans from aluminum cans. The cans are crushed (压碎) and 32 to companies that reuse the metal. Other 33 crush paper and tie it together. Paper companies buy these things to 34 fresh paper.Recycling is 35 for many reasons. 36 we recycle everything we can, garbage dumps will not fill up so 37 . Also, by recycling old materials, we will use 38 new materials. Recycling uses less energy than making 39 products. Recycling saves fossil fuels (矿物燃料) and 40 pollution. This is good for our planets health.语篇解读：本文是说明文。文章介绍了垃圾回收利用的方法及优点。21A.smallBcleanCfull Dold解析：选C根据上文中的“Over time, the piles of rubbish at the dumps get bigger”可知，越来越多的垃圾使得垃圾场快“满(full)”了。22A.returned BboughtCreused Dfound解析：选C根据下文中的“Recycling (回收) trucks come to many homes”及“The recycling trucks collect the recyclables”可知，人们扔掉的垃圾中有些是可以“再使用的(reused)”。23A.break up Bpick upCthrow away Dsearch for解析：选B根据下文中的“The recycling trucks collect the recyclables”可知，垃圾回收车去家里“捡(pick up)”垃圾。24A.products BclothesCrecyclables Dbooks解析：选C根据下文中的“This is called twostream recycling”可知，有些人把“可回收的垃圾(recyclables)”放进两个不同的箱子里。25A.contains BprotectsClacks Ddestroys解析：选A根据下文中的“one box holds plastic, glass, and metal materials”可知，一个箱子“装(contains)”纸。26A.dislike BlearnCshare Duse解析：选D根据文中的“Some people sort their into two separate boxes ”及“They do not sort their recyclables into boxes”可知，有些人没有把可回收的垃圾放入“不同的(separate)”箱子里，他们“采用(use)”的是单流程的回收方式。27A.big BpublicCcommon Dseparate解析：选D参见上题解析。28A.bring BsellCpass Dturn解析：选A垃圾回收车把人们扔掉的垃圾回收起来“送到(bring)”回收中心。29A.produce BsortCrepair Dcheck解析：选B根据下文中的“many places use workers as well as machines to sort the recyclables”可知，有些地方的工人是手工将垃圾“分类(sort)”。30A.and BbecauseCso Dwhile解析：选D根据文中的“In some places, workers the materials by hand”与“many places use workers as well as machines to sort the recyclables”可知，两种工作方式形成对比，故用“但是(while)”。31A.usual BspecialCcomfortable Defficient解析：选D根据下文中的“Large machines with magnets (磁铁) sort metal materials. The magnets separate steel cans from aluminum cans”可知，科技让垃圾回收站更有“效率(efficient)”。32A.introduced BlentCsent Dshown解析：选C根据下文中的“companies that reuse the metal”