《现在分词用法》PPT课件.ppt

语法复习,The ing form 用法讲练 宝鸡石油中学 雷扬,objective,To learn to use the verbs ing form correctly,【2011全国卷II,18】Sarah pretended to be cheerful, _ nothing about the argument. A. says B. said C. to say D. saying 【解析】句意为“Sarah假装开心，对那次争论什么也没说。”A和B项是谓语动词形式，句中没有连词，故排除；C项是作目的状语，而句中是伴随状态，故选D。,【2011四川卷,2】Linda doesnt feel like _ abroad. Her parents are old. A.study B.studying C. studied D.to study 【解析】句意为“Linda不愿意去国外留学，因为她的父母年纪大了。”feel like doing sth.想要做某事，习惯表达法。因此选B。,1.v-ing分词名词性功能； 2.v-ing分词形容词性功能； 3.v-ing分词副词性功能； 4.过去分词与现在分词一般式的区别； 5.过去分词与现在分词主动完成式的区别； 6.过去分词与现在分词一般被动式的区别,非谓语动词 The ing form考查要点,非谓语动词,动名词,分词,现在分词,过去分词,动词不定式,1.谓语动词：,概述：,2. 非谓语动词：,在句子中担任谓语的动词,是动词的特殊形式，在句中可以作除谓语外的所有成分,一个句子当中，已经存在一个主句（谓语动词）,又没有连词的情况下, 还有别的动词出现时。,非谓语动词使用条件,She got off the bus, leaving her handbag on her seat. She got off the bus, but left her handbag on her seat.,I hope you dont mind my saying it. Have you finished reading the book? Looking after the patients is a nurses job. When my father heard the news, he couldnt help laughing. Marys coming late made her teacher angry,Find out the gerund from the sentences.,一. 动名词的基本构成,动名词既具有动词的特点又具有名词的特点，具体表现为：,1.动名词可以被定冠词和物主代词修饰,I hope you dont mind my saying it.,2. 动名词可带有自己的宾语和状语,Are you for or against having the meeting. I insisted on leaving at once.,二. 动名词的性质,三.动名词的功用,1.可作主语,Seeing is believing,Reading newspapers can increase our knowledge.,no use no good no fun Its + a shame + doing a waste of time/money useless dangerous There is no + doing.,2.可作宾语, S. + vt.+ doing,Have you finished reading the book? I suggest doing it in a different way.,在某些动词后要求用动名词作宾语，不能用不定式，常见的这类动词有：,避免错过 (少) 延期 avoid miss delay/postpone 建议完成 (多) 练习 suggest / advise finish practise 喜欢想象 禁不住 enjoy/appreciate/ imagine/ resist/cant help 承认 否定 (与) 嫉妒 admit deny envy 逃脱 冒险 (莫) 原谅 escape / envy /risk /pardon / excuse 忍受 保持 (不) 在意 stand keep / keep on mind,注：在动词advise, allow, forbid(禁止)，permit（允许）等后，如果没有人称宾语，后跟动名词；如果有人称宾语则后跟不定式。例如,preferto look forward to be used to put off give up S. + keep on + doing succeed in cant help feel like be busy be worth have difficulty/trouble/problem (in),作介词/短语动词的宾语:,S. + v. + prep. + doing,主动表被动:,want (需要) need (需要) sth + require (需要) + doing,使用动名词作宾语时，用主动形式表达被动含义,to be done,使用不定式作宾语时，依然用被动形式表达被动含义,be worth (值得)+ doing,d）动词 “like, love, hate, prefer”后接动名词表示“习惯性动作”，后接不定式表示“心理或一次具体动作”。当用在 should, would之后时，只跟不定式。,I like swimming, but I dont like to swim this afternoon.,我喜欢游泳，但今天我不愿去游泳。,What would you like to eat tonight? 你今晚上想吃什么？,动名词的复合结构,动名词前可以加一个 物主代词或 名词所有格来表示 这个动名词逻辑上的主语 ，构成动名词的复合结构或动名词短语 1).物主代词 / 名词所有格 + 动名词 在句中作主语: Marys coming late made her teacher angry. Do you mind my smoking? Do you mind my reading your paper? Their coming to help was a great encouragement to us.,2).人称代词宾格 / 名词 + 动名词 在句中作宾语: Im sure of him coming on time. He has never heard of a woman being a pilot. I dont mind Jack (him) going. She hates young people (them) smoking.,1) The soldier wounded in the war has become a doctor. 2) He is a promising young man. 3) The man, having been disturbed so badly, almost lost his memory 4) We found the boy sleeping.,Find out the participles.,一 分词的概述,1. 分词是“非谓语动词”的另一种形式，它有两种形式：现 在分词（Present Participle）和过去分词（Past Participle）。,2. 现在分词：doing 过去分词：规则动词 V+ed 不规则动词,3.分词在句中起形容词和副词的作用。在句中作表语、定语、状语和宾语补足语。,现在分词与过去分词的区别：,1.语态上：现在分词表主动，过去分词表 被动,Do you know the woman talking to Tom? The soldier wounded in the war has become a doctor.,2. 时态上：现在分词表进行，过去分词表完成,Developing country boiling water Developed country boiled water,二、分词的作用,1 作定语,分词作定语有两种形式。它可以放在被修饰的名词之前，称为前置定语。有的放在被修饰的名词之后，称为后置定语。,（1）前置定语,He is a promising young man. Make less noise. Theres a sleeping child. We only sell used books. 我们只卖用过的书。,（2）后置定语,The young man sitting between John and Mary is the editor of the campus newspaper.,现在分词作定语表示动作。如果是单词，放在被修饰的名词前；如果是短语，就放在被修饰的名词之后。,（3）分词短语作定语必须置于被修饰词之后， 相当于一个定语从句。,Those who wish to join the club should sign here,(Those wishing to join this club should sign here.,),The man, who had been disturbed so badly, almost lost his memory.),(The man, having been disturbed so badly, almost lost his memory.,2、作表语,现在分词作表语表示主语的某种性质或状态。,What you said is really inspiring. 你所说的真令从鼓舞。,3、作宾语补足语,可以跟宾语补足语的谓语动词有 see, watch, hear, set, keep, find, have, get 等词。,I saw him walking in the street. 我看见他在街上走。 I heard them singing in the classroom. 我听见他们在教室里唱歌。 We found the boy sleeping. 我们发现小孩睡着了。,现在分词与过去分词在作状语的区别,四、作状语,现在分词表主动进行，过去分词表被动完成,1. (Seeing/seen) from the top of the tower, we can see a beautiful factory. (Seeing/seen) from the top of the tower, the factory looks beautiful. 2. (Hearing/heard) the bad news, they couldnt help crying. 3. (Giving/Given) more time, we could do it better.,将下列状语从句改为非谓语短语作状语： 1. Because she was moved by the hero, she decided to study harder.,2. When he found the door locked, he went home.,He started early in order that he could get there on time.,分词时态、语态的用法,分词所表示的动作与谓语动词同时发生,且与其逻辑主语的关系是主动的，用现在分词的一般式，如果是被动关系，要用过去分词。,1. _(look) out of the window, I can see many cars and buses. 2._ (see) from the top of Dragon Tower, Harbin looks more beautiful. 3.The teacher came in, _many students.(follow) 4.The teacher came in, _by many students.(follow),following,followed,Looking,Seen,如果强调分词表示的动作正在进行时，要 用分词的进行时态。,1. Being repaired, the building is forbidden to enter. 2. The building being built now is a Hope Project School. 3. Passing by the accident scene, I saw the man badly hurt being carried onto an ambulance.,如果强调分词表示的动作发生在谓语动词之前，要用完成形式。,Not having finished his homework, Tom was made to stay at school . Having closed all the windows, I went home. Having been invited to the party, Tom was very happy .,独立主格结构,一般来说，分词或分词短语作状语，其逻辑主语要和句子的主语一致。但有时候，分词的动作不是由句子的主语发出来的，它有自己的逻辑主语。 独立主格结构（Independent Genitive）有两部分组成，前一部份是名词或者代词，后一部分是非谓语动词（不定式、动名词和分词)或形容词、副词、或介词短语。前后两部分具有逻辑主谓关系。独立主格结构在句中做状语，多用于书面语。,The pupils are walking slowly, their teacher following.,Nobody having any more to say, the meeting was closed.,独立主格结构本身不是句子，在句子中作状语，表示时间、原因、条件、伴随、目的等。,1独立主格结构的形式：,（1）名词 / 代词 + -ing分词及其短语,The moon appearing, they decided to go on with their journey.,（2）名词 / 代词 + -ed分词及其短语,Good-bye said, we went home. All things considered, it is a good plan.,（3）名词 / 代词 + 形容词及其短语,The weather (being) hot, we all went swimming. Dinner ready, the hostess asked her guests to be seated.,（4）名词 / 代词 + 不定式及其短语,The money to be paid by the driver, the police went away. Here are the first two volumes, the third one to come out next month.,（5）名词 / 代词 + 副词及其短语,The meeting (being) over, we left the room.,（6）名词 / 代词 + 介词及其短语,She stood there, book in hand. Everybody at home, we sat down to dinner.,2with + 复合宾语结构,这种结构也可以看成是一种独立主格结构。这种结构有较鲜明的特色。在这种结构中，with后的宾语相当于该结构中的逻辑主语，其后面的词相当于这个结构中的逻辑谓语。这个结构很像一个用来说明附带情况或细节的，可以起状语作用的句子。翻译时，with原有的含意往往不翻译出来。,（1）with + 名词 / 代词 + 名词 The brave man fought the tiger with a stick his only weapon. He was carried into the hospital, with his face a mass of bleeding flesh.,（2）with + 名词 / 代词 + 介词短语 1) The teacher came into the classroom with a book in his hand. 2) He was asleep with his head on his arms. 3) Family dependants, when ill, enjoy free medical treatment, with medicines at half price.,（3）with + 名词 / 代词 + 副词 1) He went out with his hat on. 2) The square looks more beautiful than ever with her lights on.,4）with + 名词 / 代词 + 形容词 Dont speak with your mouth full. The once lowly serfs now walk with heads high.,5）with + 名词 / 代词 + -ing分词(表主动） 1) With the old man leading, the two started toward the mountains. 2) With everyone surrounding us we can certainly succeed. 3) She felt very nervous with so many people looking at her.,（6）with + 名词 / 代词 + -ed分词（表被动) All the afternoon he worked with the door locked. He died with his lifes work still unfinished. With his matter settled, we left the room.,（7）with + 名词 / 代词 + 不定式(表将来） With so much work to do , I cannot spare a minute. With five minutes to go before the last train left, we arrived here.,实战高考,1. The next thing he saw was smoke _ from behind the house. (2011全国) A.rose B.rising C. to rise D.risen,2. The island, to the mainland by a bridge, is easy to go to. (2011 全国) A. joining B. to join C. joined D. having joined,3. Sarah pretended to be cheerful, _ nothing about the argument. (2011全国) A. says B. said C. to say D. saying,4. Sit down, Emma. You will only make yourself more tired,