高中英语之现在分词.ppt

现在分词,一、构 成 形 式,现在分词：,二、语 法 功 能,1作表语 2作定语 3作状语 4作宾语补足语,1作表语。表示主语所具有的特征或属性 The news was exciting. The situation is encouraging. She looked disappointed.,2作定语： 单独作定语，应放在被修饰的名词之前，如： Barking dogs seldom bite. I met a runing boy in the playground. 用分词短语作定语，这时分词短语应放在被修饰的名词之后，在意义上相当于一个定语从句，如： Who is the man standing by the door (= who is standing)? They built a highway leading into the mountains (= which leads). Have you read any novels written by Lu Xun?, 作定语的现在分词所表示的动作发生的时间有两种情况： a. 表示正在进行的动作, (变为从句时要用进行时态), 如： Did you see the man talking to the manager(who was talking)? b. 表示经常性的动作, 或现在 (或当时) 的状态, (变为从句时, 用一般时态), 如： The house standing at the corner of the street was built in 1955 (= which stands).,注：如果所表示的动作现刻正在发生，或是与谓语所表示的动作同时发生，可以用现在分词的被动形式来表示，如： The meeting being held is very important. 注：如果所表示的是一个未来的动作，可以用一个不定式的被动形式来表示，如： The meeting to be held next week is very important.,3作状语： 一、 现在分词作状语，表示伴随情况，如： The children ran out of the room, laughing and talking merrily. She sat at the desk reading a newspaper. 二、现在分词作状语，表示原因或理由，如： Seeing nobody at home, she decided to leave them a note. Not knowing her address, we couldnt get in touch with her. 注：如果分词表示的动作在谓语所表示的动作之前发生，则要用完成形式，如： Having finished his homework, Tom went home. Not having received an answer, he decided to write another letter.,三、现在分词作时间状语（相当于 when 引导的从句），如： Hearing the news, they all jumped with joy. Seeing those pictures, he couldnt help thinking of those days in Beijing. 注：如果两个动作是完全同时发生的，多用 when 或 while + 分词这种结构，如： Be careful when crossing the street. Dont mention this while talking to him. 注：如果要强调谓语动词的动作发生时，分词的动作已经完成，这个分词要用完成形式，如： Having heard the result, the spokeswoman expressed her opinion .,四、现在分词作状语还可以表示结果、条件和让步，如： The bus was held up by snowstorm, thus causing the delay. (结果) Working hard, you will succeed. (条件) Weighing almost 100Kg, the stone was moved by him alone. (让步),4作宾语补足语： 现在分词做宾语补足语，如： Im sorry to have kept you waiting for so long. He tried to leave the engine running. The words immediately make us all laughing. 注：现在分词做宾语补足语表示动作与谓语同时发生或正在进行，强调动作过程。 现在分词做宾语补足语时，与宾语有着逻辑上的主谓关系: He saw an old man getting on the bus. An old man was getting on the bus.,现在分词的完成形式和被动形式, 现在分词的完成形式主要用在状语中，表示动作在谓语动作之前发生，如： Having been there many times, he offered to be our guide. 在表示一个被动的动作时，如果这个动作是现刻正在进行的，或是与谓语表示的动作同时发生的，就可以用现在分词的被动形式。这种形式可以作定语、状语或构成复合宾语，如： That building being repaired is our library. （定语） Y