2018_2019学年高中英语单元质量检测（一）（含解析）.docx

单元质量检测(一)(时间：100分钟满分：120分).阅读理解(共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。AGreeting Gesture Bowing is the traditional form for both greeting and departing. Western and Korean male friends usually greet with both a slight bow and shaking hands. When shaking hands, both hands are sometimes used. Women usually do not shake hands, especially with men, but usually just nod lightly. The senior person offers to shake hands first, but the junior person bows first.Avoid hugging and kissing when greeting. Long direct eye contact is considered impolite. When saying goodbye, the traditional gesture is the bow.Touching GesturesGenerally speaking, the Koreans are not a touching society. So avoid touching or any long form of body contact.You seldom see public display of affection. On the other hand, you may note people of the same sex walking handinhand, which is simply a gesture of friendship. Dont worry about a bit of pushing in stores or when groups board public buses or trains. Apologies are neither offered nor expected.Beckoning GesturesThe open hand or the middle finger is used for pointing: To beckon (招手) someone, the palm (手掌) faces downward and the fingers are moved. Using the arm and hand up, with palm toward the face, is used only for calling dogs or children.Other GesturesRespect is always shown to elderly people, so it is common to stand up when a person, especially an elderly man enters the room. However, an elder may not give up a seat for a young boy. Men generally have priority (特权) in Korea: go through a door first, walk ahead of women, and women may help them with their coats.语篇解读：了解一个国家首先要了解这个国家的文化，本文主要向我们介绍了韩国的一些肢体语言。1The text is mainly about _.Apoliteness of KoreaBcustoms in KoreaCbody languages in KoreaDrelations between Koreans解析：选C主旨大意题。从本文的各个小标题可知，本文主要是介绍韩国的一些身势语，故C项正确。2How does a westerner usually greet his male Korean friend?AWith bowing.BWith hugging and kissing.CWith shaking hands.DWith a slight bow and shaking hands.解析：选D细节理解题。根据第一部分的第二句可知，他们通常以微微点头并握手表示问候。3From the first part of the text we can know that _.Ashaking hands is a must for visitorsBkissing each other is polite when two people meetClong direct eye contact should be avoidedDthe old often nod towards the young解析：选C细节理解题。从文章第二段“Long direct eye contact is considered impolite.”可知C项正确。4According to the text, in Korea _.Ayou can always hear people say “Lady first”Bpeople often show affection in public placesCit is common for boys to walk handinhand with girlsDtheres no need to say sorry when you push others in stores解析：选D细节理解题。由文章第二部分最后两句话可知D项正确，其他三项均与文意不符。BAn epidemic (流行病) of the use of streetculture language broke out in some English exams, according to examiners.A report said there were “a surprising number of small mistakes” in standard English. It asked teachers that they should prevent pupils from using “street language and text style”， adding, “Most answers require formal expression of language.”“Many concerns were expressed by examiners about basic errors, often appearing in the work of clearly able students，”the report continued.It added that the use of street and text language “appeared with surprisingly regularity in the work of students who clearly desired a higher grade”“Most answers require formal expression but even when an informal style is appropriate students should know the examination context and, in particular, should not use street language and text style，” it said.There is rising concern about pupils writing skills, especially among boys. National test results for 11yearold boys writing standards had fallen this year. Only 55 percent reached the level expected of an 11yearold by the time they left primary school, the results showed.Many educationalists are now arguing that teachers should also think of ways of improving writing standards.The report said spelling was “in general inconsistent (不一致)” and “variety of vocabulary and of sentence structure is often limited”. It went on，“Punctuation (标点符号) errors continue to be widespread.”However, it added，“Some examiners felt that this year they had met an improvement in the whole structure of students writing.” 语篇解读：本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要报道了街头语言出现在英语考试中这一现象。5What does the passage mainly talk about?AThe streetculture language is being examined in English exams.BStreet language is appearing in the standard English exams.CThe English say no to the streetculture language in daily life.DWhat the streetculture language is in England.解析：选B主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是文章第一段可知，本文主要介绍了街头语言出现在英语考试中这一现象，故答案选B。6The underlined word “appropriate” in Paragraph 5 means “_”Acomfortable BpossibleCacceptable Dvaluable解析：选C词义猜测题。画线词前半句意为“大多数答案需要用规范的表达”，根据but可知此处表示转折，本句应理解为“非正式的形式也是可以接受的”，故appropriate在此处与acceptable意义相近，故选C。7What problems concerned examiners?ASmall mistakes in spelling and punctuation.BLimited vocabulary of boy pupils.CTeachers teaching writing skills.DPoor sentence structure and errors in spelling and standard English.解析：选D细节理解题。根据第二段第一句可知，mistakes in standard English是考试专家所担心的；根据倒数第二段内容可知，poor sentence structure和errors in spelling也是专家所担心的，故答案选D。CWhy do some people live to be older than others? You know the standard explanations: keeping a moderate diet, engaging in regular exercise, etc. But what effect does your personality have on your longevity? Do some kinds of personalities lead to longer lives? A new study in the Journal of the American Geriatrics Society looked at this question by examining the personality characteristics of 246 children of people who had lived to be at least 100.The study shows that those living the longest are more outgoing, more active and less neurotic (神经质的) than other people. Longliving women are also more likely to be sympathetic and cooperative than women with a normal life span. These findings are in agreement with what you would expect from the evolutionary theory: those who like to make friends and help others can gather enough resources to make it through tough time.Interestingly, however, other characteristics that you might consider advantageous have no impact on whether study participants are likely to live longer. Those who are more selfdisciplined, for instance, are no more likely to live to be very old. Also, being open to new ideas have no relationship with long life, which might explain all those badtempered old people who are fixed in their ways.Whether you can successfully change your personality as an adult is the subject of a longstanding psychological debate. But the new paper suggests that if you want long life, you should strive to be as outgoing as possible.Unfortunately, another recent study shows that your mothers personality may also help determine your longevity. That study looked at nearly 28,000 Norwegian mothers and found that those moms who were more anxious, depressed and angry were more likely to feed their kids unhealthy diets. Patterns of childhood eating can be hard to break when were adults, which may mean that kids of depressed moms end up dying younger.Personality isnt destiny, and everyone knows that individuals can learn to change. But both studies show that long life isnt just a matter of your physical health but of your mental health.语篇解读：文章介绍了与长寿相关的研究，探究了影响长寿的因素。8According to the author, outgoing and sympathetic people _.Ahave a good understanding of evolutionBare probably more active and neuroticCare more likely to recover from hardshipDgenerally appear more resourceful解析：选C细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句“These findings . those who like to make friends and help others can gather enough resources to make it through tough time.”可知，爱交友(外向)及乐于助人(有同情心)的人在困难时会有足够的资源助其渡过难关。故选C项。9What finding of the study might be out of our expectation?AHelpful people can live a relatively long life.BBeing selfdisciplined makes no difference to longevity.CReadiness to accept new ideas offers more possibility to enjoy longevity.DPersonality characteristics that prove advantageous actually vary with times.解析：选B细节理解题。根据第三段第一、二句可知，我们认为某些性格特征可能有益于长寿，然而事实并非如此，比如自律和长寿无关，这点出乎我们的意料。故选B项。10What does the recent study of Norwegian mothers show?AMothers depression may affect their childrens life spans.BPeople with unhealthy eating habits are likely to die at a young age.CMothers may have a longer influence on children than fathers.DChildrens personality characteristics are always shaped by their mothers.解析：选A细节理解题。根据第五段最后一句“Patterns of childhood . kids of depressed moms end up dying younger.”可知，母亲的抑郁情绪会影响孩子的寿命。故选A项。11What can we learn from the findings of the two new studies?AAnxiety and depression more often than not cut short ones life span.BA persons lifestyle is largely related to his or her health.CPersonality plays a decisive and significant role in how healthy one is.DA mixture of mental and physical health produces longevity.解析：选D推理判断题。根据文章最后一句可知，长寿与否受身体健康和心理健康两方面的影响。由此可知选D项。DMost of us line up a large number of times during our lives. Think about it. Banks. Restaurants. Doctors. Waiting lines are such a thorn in our sides at popular destinations (目的地) Disney World, the Empire State Building that many of us are willing to pay to avoid lines.Culture has much to do with how we handle waiting lines. The British are the best people in the world at waiting in lines. Ive never seen a people less concerned with lines than the British.If youve been to Wimbledon you know what I mean. There are no online ticket sales for this fortnight of tennis. You queue up for hours, often a halfday or more with 8,000 others on a golf course near the stadium, suffering whatever rain, wind or sun.It is an unwritten but ever present rule at Wimbledon that you never talk about or even admit that the queue exists. Youll hear and participate in every conversation imaginable while waiting. Its not really possible to jump or breakin a queue at Wimbledon because of the stewards and the timedated stamps they hand out, but its considered bad behavior anywhere by the British.Some places such as restaurants in Canada and in the States are getting wise. The host or hostess greets you, and says almost apologetically (道歉地). “Sorry, but it will be about 45 minutes！” Almost always youll be seated in just 20 to 30 minutes. Its called managing_expectations. But, now youre very happy as if you had something to do with getting a table earlier.Finally, technology promises to save some queuing time. In the years ahead, stores will adopt Apples methods, with every salesperson capable of taking payments. Then the lines will disappear.With age, perhaps, comes wisdom. I do whatever I can to avoid activities where queues are quite common. But you cant always avoid lines, so I make the best of them. I usually start conversations with total strangers in a queue . at the very least you open yourself up to an opportunity for an engaging conversation. Queues, like life, have a lot to do with attitudes.语篇解读：本文是议论文。作者在文中叙述了个别国家对于“排队等候”的态度，并表明了自己对此的观点和态度。12Why does the author say that waiting lines are a thorn in our sides?ALining up makes us hurt.BWe have to pay to avoid lines.CWe spend most of our life queuing.DWaiting lines are unavoidable in our life.解析：选A细节理解题。由第一段可知，受欢迎的景点的长队让人很痛苦，以至于我们宁愿花钱去避免排队。13While queuing in Wimbledon, _.Ayou will be fined if you break inBeverybody is used to waiting longCpeople prove the existence of queuesDthe waiting time depends on the weather解析：选B推理判断题。由第二段和第四段“It is an unwritten but ever present rule at Wimbledon that you never talk about or even admit that the queue exists”可知，在Wimbledon，甚至人们都看不到“队伍”的存在，这里的人们都已经习惯了排队等候。14What does the underlined part “managing expectations” in Paragraph 5 refer to?AReducing waiting times at queue lines.BHaving high expectations for customers.CTrying to live up to customers expectations.DLetting customers wait shorter than they expected.解析：选D词义猜测题。由第五段可知，在加拿大和美国的一些餐馆，服务生会告诉人们一个比实际等待时间要长的时间，这样顾客会早于他们期待的时间落座，这被称为“管理期待”。15What is the authors attitude towards lines?AAnnoyed. BUnclear.CPositive. DIndifferent.解析：选C观点态度题。由最后一段可知，作者学着用智慧来解决排队问题，即使躲避不过，也会很好地利用“排队等候时间”。故作者对排队持有积极的态度。.阅读七选五(共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分)根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Are you expecting better results in your life? Do you want to achieve more in your career and relationships? _16_ Here Id like to share something you should change in your life to get what you want.Change your priorities (优先顺序)This is important if you want to live a balanced life. Many people are successful in their career but dont have good relationships with their companions or families because of wrong priorities. They put things like money and reputation above their relationships. Dont let it happen to you. _17_Change your motivation.Motivation is the reason why we do things. _18_ You can significantly change the way you do things simply by changing your motivation.The way to change your motivation is to upgrade your motivation to higher levels. For example, if your motivation to work is money, you can upgrade it to helping others.Change your habits.Is there any bad habit that holds you back? _19_ For instance, perhaps you have the habit of rising late. But since many people agree that early morning is the most productive time that means that you lose the most productive time of the day. You can get better results simply by replacing the old habit with a new habit of rising early._20_Your inputs determine your outputs. There is no way you can get highquality outputs if you feed your mind with lowquality inputs. So watch your inputs carefully. What programs do you watch on TV? What books, magazines, or blogs do you read? Get rid of the lowquality inputs and replace them with highquality ones.AChange your inputs.BChange your outputs.CIt gives us the power to move and work.DIf so, we must change the way we do things.EYou should put relationships as your top priority.FIf the answer is yes, then you should replace it with a good one.GTake one new habit you want to build and do it every day for at least 30 days.语篇解读：文章就促进事业和人际关系的发展提出了几点建议，认为人们应当在生活中做出适当的改变。16选D根据设空前的问句以及设空后的“share something you should change”可知，D项符合语境，If so承接了前句的问题，又引出了后文的should change.。17选E根据“Change your priorities(优先顺序)”标题中的priorities和这一标题下内容的中心词relationships及设空前的“They put things like money and reputation above their relationships. Dont let it happen to you.”可知，本段建议改变你的优先顺序，不要让金钱和名誉之类的事情凌驾于与家人和朋友的关系之上，故E项符合语境。18选C根据“Change your motivation.”标题中的motivation可知，这一标题下的内容强调内在动力，故C项“它赋予你前进和工作的力量”符合语境。19选F根据小标题“Change your habits.”及设空前的“Is there any bad habit that holds you back？”可知，这一标题下的内容强调坏习惯的改正，由此可知，F项符合语境，“If the answer is yes”恰好回答了前句的问题。20选A本空为最后一段的小标题，观察前面的小标题格式可知，A、B两项符合；根据本段中的“So watch your inputs carefully.”及“Get rid of the lowquality inputs and replace them with highquality ones.”可知，本段强调的是inputs，故选A项。.完形填空(共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分)阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Born in America, I spoke English, not Chinese, the language of my ancestors. When I was three, my parents flashed cards with Chinese _21_ at my face, but I pushed them _22_. My mom believed I would learn _23_ I was ready. But the _24_ never came. On a Chinese New Years Eve, my uncle spoke to me in Chinese, but all I could do was _25_ at him, confused, scratching my head. “Still cant speak Chinese？” He _26_ me, “You cant even buy a fish in Chinatown.” “Hey, this is America, not China. Ill get some _27_ with or without Chinese.” I replied and turned to my mom for _28_. “Remember to ask for fresh fish, Xin Xian Yu，” she said, handing over a $20 bill. I _29_ the words running downstairs into the streets of Chinatown. I found the fish _30_ surrounded in a sea of customers. “Id like to buy some fresh fish，” I shouted to the fishman. But he _31_ my English words and turned to serve the next customer. The laugh of the people behind increased _32_ their impatience. With every _33_， the breath of the dragons (龙) on my back grew stronger my blood was boiling _34_ me to cry out, “Xian Sheng Yu, please.” “Very Xian Sheng，” I repeated. The crowd erupted into laughter. My face turned _35_ and I ran back home _36_， except for the $20 bill I held tightly in my pocket. Should I laugh or cry? Theyre Chinese. Im Chinese. I should feel right at _37_. Instead, I was the joke, a disgrace (丢脸) to the language. Sometimes, I laugh at my fish _38_， but, in the end, the joke is on _39_. Every laugh is a culture _40_； every laugh is my heritage (传统) fading away.语篇解读：作者作为一个从小在美国长大的中国孩子，不能讲一口流利的汉语，以致闹出笑话。因此作者反思自己应该继承中国的文化传统。21A.custom BgamesCcharacters Dlanguage解析：选C根据上下文可知，作者出生在美国，他的父母很想让他学会母语，所以经常拿汉字卡片教他识字。character“文字”。22A.ahead BaroundCalong Daside解析：选D根据下文可知，作者不愿学习汉语，故此处用push aside，意为“把放一边不考虑”。23A.when BbeforeCunless Duntil解析：选A此处是when引导的时间状语从句。24A.success BstudyCtime Dattempt解析：选C承接上文，此处意为“我准备好学汉语的时刻一直没有到来”。25A.aim BjokeCnod Dstare解析：选D由上文可知，作者一直不愿意学汉语，自然也听不懂汉语，所以在他叔叔用汉语跟他说话的时候，他只能迷惑地看着他。stare at“凝视，注视”。26A.cared about Blaughed atCargued with Dasked after解析：选B根据作者的叔叔所说的话可以看出，他在“嘲笑”作者不懂母语。27A.right now Bfrom nowCat times Din time解析：选A面对叔叔的嘲笑，作者自然是不服气，故在话语中用right now“立刻，马上”强调自己可以做到叔叔所说的事。28A.decision BpermissionCinformation Dpreparation解析：选B根据下文可知，作者征得母亲的“同意”去唐人街买鱼。29A.repeated BreviewedCspelled Dkept解析：选A根据常识可知，作者不会说汉语，母亲教给他的话，他要重复几遍才能勉强记住。repeat“重复”；review“复习”；spell“拼写”；keep“保留，遵守”。30A.farm