2020版高考英语复习课时作业（十七）（含解析）北师大版.docx

课时作业(十七)授课提示：对应学生用书第321页课时练(一)阅读理解提速练练速度(限时：35分钟)阅读理解(共两节，满分40分)第一节(共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。A2019南昌模拟Brochure Design ServiceProfessional Brochure DesignsBrochures have proven to be one of the most costeffective marketing methods for product and service companies worldwide. Creating a brochure is a delicate and important design process for any business, and must be left in the hands of professional brochure designers. It requires graphic design skills, specific techniques, and a deep understanding of marketing and printing technology.A Professional Brochure Design ServiceBrochure Design Service is a team of professional brochure designers that create company brochures and product catalogs for businesses. At Brochure Design Service you will find the design solutions for your organization brochures from the outline of design drafts, concepts and messages, to the final brochure printing.As experts in design, we make the highestquality brochures you will ever come across, quickly and affordably. You only need to answer emails and provide feedback on our designs.Creating Professional Brochures for Your CompanyAffordable and highestquality end products. Brochures that will certainly beat your competitors and give you the edge in marketing your business.Brochure design samples are ready in 2 business days or less. Do you have a trade show next week? Call us! We can meet tight deadlines.We have been serving thousands of clients all around the world for more than 15 years.Access to royaltyfree (版权免费) images included in our design fees.Lightweight：digital brochures in PDF format included.Save time by avoiding endless meetings and appointments. Our service is faster, more reliable and costeffective than a traditional design agency.Unparalleled service：unlimited revisions till your final approval, plus 100% money back guarantee.Contact us right now! Te1：(814)7553560 Email: smith brochure. ca【语篇解读】本文是一篇广告类应用文。文章主要介绍了广告手册专业设计服务公司的设计特色、服务特点、设计周期、价格信息、联系方式等信息。【长难句分析】As experts in design, we make the highest quality brochures you will ever come across, quickly and affordably.分析：该句为主从复合句。句中“you will ever come across”为省略了关系代词的定语从句，修饰先行词“the highestquality brochures”；come across为固定短语，意为“偶然遇见”。译文：作为设计专家，我们制作你所遇到的最高质量的广告手册，不仅快速而且实惠。1What is needed in creating a brochure?A. Handwriting techniques.B. Photographing skills.C. Communicating strategies.D. Graphic design ability.答案与解析：D考查细节理解。根据第一段尾句“It requires graphic design skills, specific techniques, and a deep understanding of marketing and printing technology”可知，专业广告手册的制作需要平面造型设计技能、专业技术以及营销和印刷技术，故D项正确。【干扰项分析】A项意为“书写技巧”；B项意为“摄影技术”；C项意为“交流策略”。根据第一段尾句可知，这些都不是制作广告手册需要的技术，故都排除。2Brochure Design Service can offer customers _.A. a trade showB. PDF versions of brochuresC. a printing machineD. Internet images答案与解析：B考查细节理解。根据Creating Professional Brochures for Your Company部分的第五点“Lightweight: digital brochures in PDF format included”可知，客户将得到PDF格式的电子广告手册，故B项正确。3The main purpose of the text is to _.A. entertain B. suggestC. advertise D. warn答案与解析：C考查写作目的。通读全文可知，本文是一篇广告类应用文，主要介绍了广告手册专业设计服务公司的设计特色、服务特点、设计周期、价格信息、联系方式等信息。据此可以判断，本文旨在推广广告手册专业设计公司的商业服务，故C项正确。【干扰项分析】A项意为“娱乐”，B项意为“建议”，D项意为“警告”，都与文意不符。B2019齐鲁名校调研 Since January 2, a stray female dog has been consistently visiting the Kanjurmarg Railway Station in Mumbai, India. When the Kalyanbound train comes every night around 11 pm., she chases after the womens coach, peeking into doorways and scanning windows in search of something or someone. “I think someone has left her or she was abandoned，” says Sameer Thorat, a local who filmed the clip. As an IT specialist, Thorat commutes (经常乘车) to work every day between 3 pm. and midnight, and he started seeing the reoccurring dog about two weeks ago. Thorat wanted to help the dog and figure out her reason for running after the train, so he posted footage of the dog on social media. Although hes taken the post down, the clip attracted concerned commuters who soon discovered the dog has four 10to12dayold puppies. “We are not moving her from that place because the puppies are very small，” Thorat says. “Their eyes are not open yet.” Thorat suspects an owner abandoned the dog after she got pregnant, and he has coordinated (协调) with locals and organizations to care for and feed her. He says he has tried to find her owner, but in vain. “Dogs have no concept of death, but they do have a concept of loyalty，” says Stanley Coren, a University of British Columbia psychology professor and author on all things dog psych. “The mind of a dog is sort of the mind of a 2 or 3yearold toddler.” Theres the famous story of Hachiko, an Akita dog born in 1925 who used to greet his owner every day at Tokyos Shibuya Train Station. After the man died at his university job, the dog continued the ritual for nearly a decade. Today, theres a popular statue dedicated to the dog next to the station. Theres also the story of Shep the sheep dog. When his owner died in the summer of 1936, he kept waiting at a station for him for the next five and a half years.【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了几个关于狗的忠诚的故事。它们对死亡没有任何概念，但却懂得忠诚。【长难句分析】Although hes taken the post down, the clip attracted concerned commuters who soon discovered the dog has four 10to12dayold puppies.(第三段最后一句)分析：Although引导让步状语从句；who引导定语从句，修饰和限制先行词commuters。译文：尽管他把这个帖子撤了，但这段视频吸引了乘车者的关注，他们很快发现这只狗有四只10到12天大的小狗。【词汇积累】stray adj.走失的consistently adv.连续的；坚持的scan v细看；察看abandon v抛弃，遗弃suspect v怀疑loyalty n忠诚4Why does the dog return to the same train every day?ATo chase after the train.BTo feed her babies.CTo find her owner there.DTo meet the IT specialist.答案与解析：C考查细节理解。由第一段中的“When the Kalyanbound train comes every night around 11 pm., she chases after the womens coach, peeking into doorways and scanning windows in search of something or someone.”可知，这只狗每天去同一个车站是为了在那里找到自己的主人。故选C。5What happened after Thorat posted the clip on social media?AHe became an instant hit on the Internet.BThe dogs babies were adopted by commuters.CThe owner refused to take the dog home.DThe dog got noticed by many more people.答案与解析：D考查细节理解。由第三段中的“Although hes taken the post down, the clip attracted concerned commuters who soon discovered the dog has four 10to12dayold puppies.” 可知，Thorat在社交媒体上发布了视频后，这只小狗得到了更多人的关注。故选D。6The underlined word “ritual” in Paragraph 7 is similar in meaning to “_”ApracticeBrouteCexperience Dproject答案与解析：A考查词义猜测。根据第七段中的“who used to greet his owner every day”和“After the man died at his university job, the dog continued”可知，尽管主人已经去世，但是狗还是继续每天去车站接主人。由此可推知，画线词义为“习惯”，与practice意思一致。故选A。7The last two paragraphs are intended to show that _.Amany dogs are abandoned by their ownersBpeople usually put away their dogs at stationsCdogs are loyal animals to human ownersDa dog has the mind of a 2or 3yearold toddler答案与解析：C考查推理判断。最后两段讲述了两位狗主人去世后，狗还是每天去车站等待主人的感人故事，表现了狗对主人的忠诚。故选C。C2019河北衡水中学模拟 Over a hundred years ago in 1911, something strange was found in the glaciers of Antarctica. Crilffith Taylor an Australian geologist, had discovered a bloodred stream pouring out of the ice cascades (瀑布) of Talor Glacier! Popularly known as the Blood Falls, scientists had not been able to find the reason behind the bloodred liquid flowing through the ice until recently. The mystery of the Blood Falls had finally been solved. When these falls were first discovered, scientists had believed that the red colour came from a large amount of red algae (海藻) concentrated in the water. Red algae contain a pigment (色素) which reflects red light, making the algae appear red. This theory made sense, until it was later found that algae do not play a part in the red color of the flowing liquid at all. What really causes Talor Glaciers waters appear bloodred is the presence of iron oxide in the liquid. The waters of the blood falls are rich in salt and iron content, and when this water comes in contact with the air, it turns red just like rust! The water in these falls is often referred to as “brine” by scientists because of the high salt content in the water. This reasoning behind the red colors of the falls was found back in 2003. However, the entire mystery had not yet been solved. How is it then that the Blood Falls are not frozen? Researchers at the University of Colorado and University of Alaska found that inside the glacier, there was a network of channels and reservoirs that move the water around. Salt water has a lower freezing temperature. In addition, when any substance undergoes a change in state, it gives off heat. Therefore, the brine actually warm itself up while its freezing! How this works is that when the brine is flowing through the Talor Glacier, some of it does freeze. As a result of changing state from liquid to ice, the brine gives off heat. This heat is enough to keep the rest of the brine in liquid form, which is why it flows out of the glacier. Incredible new chemistry facts found, and mystery solved!【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了神秘的Blood Falls呈血红色以及不会结冰的原因。【长难句分析】Popularly known as the Blood Falls, scientists had not been able to find the reason behind the bloodred liquid flowing through the ice until recently. (第一段第三句)分析：Popularly known as the Blood Falls是过去分词作状语；flowing through the ice是现在分词作后置定语。Paraphrase/英英释义：It is not until recently that scientists had been able to find the reason behind the blood red liquid flowing through the ice, which is popularly known as the Blood Falls.【词汇积累】glacier n冰川mystery n神秘；奥秘；谜make sense讲得通，有意义，合乎情理的8According to the text, the red algae theory was once considered _.Aridiculous BreasonableCimpractical Dcomplex答案与解析：B考查推理判断。由第二段中的“When these falls were first discovered, scientists had believed that the red colour came from a large amount of red algae (海藻) concentrated in the water.” 及第三段第一句可知，红藻理论曾经被科学家认为是合理的。故选B。9Why does the Blood Falls look red in colour?ABecause there is too much salt and iron in its water.BBecause its liquid is rich in red algae.CBecause the flowing liquid reflects red sunlight.DBecause the air is thin and rare in Antarctica.答案与解析：A考查细节理解。由第三段中的“What really causes Talor Glaciers waters appear bloodred is the presence of iron oxide in the liquid. The waters of the blood falls are rich in salt and iron content, and when this water comes in contact with the air, it turns red just like rust！”(译文：真正导致Talor Glacier的水呈血红色的原因是液体中的氧化铁。这些血瀑布水中的盐和铁的含量很高，当这种水接触到空气时，它就会变成红色，就像生锈一样！)可知，Blood Falls看起来是红色的原因是该瀑布的水中含有大量的盐和铁。故选A。10What is the main reason for the Blood Falls not freezing?AThe water continued flowing constantly.BThere is too much salt in the water.CThe brine gives off heat while freezing.DTemperatures arent high enough for flowing water.答案与解析：C考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段最后三句可知，Blood Falls不结冰的一个主要原因是盐水在结冰时会释放出热量。故选C。11What is the passage mainly about?AThe discovery of the blood glacier.BThe birth of the Talor Glacier.CThe flowing red water in Antarctica.DThe mystery of the Blood Falls.答案与解析：D考查主旨大意。根据文章内容可知，第一段提到了神秘的Blood Falls；下面几段都是解释Blood Falls呈血红色的原因以及不会结冰的原因。所以D项准确地概括了文章的主旨。故选D。D2019青岛统一检测 For so long, failure has been pictured as something negative, something to be ashamed of and something to be kept a secret. But a Swedish psychologist, Samuel West, has decided to put our worst fears on the table. He is opening a museum the Museum of Failure in Helsingborg, Sweden, this June. Instead of showing successes, as museums usually do, the Museum of Failure will display over 60 “failed” products from bigname companies such as Nokia, Apple and CocaCola. “I really hope you see that these megabrands that everybody respects, they screw_up too，” West told The New York Times. “I hope that makes you feel less nervous about learning something new.” Wests opinion isnt a new one. Albert Einstein once said, “A person who never made a mistake never tried anything new.” And this idea has been embraced by lots of companies in the US. Silicon Valley, for example, is the home of some of the worlds most creative companies, yet its slogan turns out to be, quite surprisingly, “Fail fast, fail often.” However, there are reasons for this. “The best companies are those that encourage failure, embrace outofthebox thinking, and allow employees to make mistakes and see what happens，” wrote Simon Casuto of Forbes. But some people are skeptical of this socalled “culture of failure”. They are worried that if failure becomes “a symbol of honor”， as Wired magazine put it, it may even be seen as “uncool” when someone tries to reduce the risk of failure. This may push people to care too little and try too little. “Sometimes people hide behind failure, when they could have prevented it，” wrote Anna Isaac of The Telegraph. So its important that you set apart the two kinds of failure the kind that makes you a loser and the kind that takes you forward. The key is whether youve learned something from your mistakes. “Learning is the only process that turns failure into success，” West told The Guardian. “If you dont learn from your failures, then youve really failed.”【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。很多人把失败看成是一种消极的东西，一种难以启齿、不想让他人知道的东西，而Samuel West博士决定把这些最令人恐惧的失败展示出来，为此在Helsingborg开办了“失败博物馆”。作者在文中介绍了一些人对失败的看法。【长难句分析】They are worried that if failure becomes “a symbol of honor”， as Wired magazine put it, it may even be seen as “uncool” when someone tries to reduce the risk of failure. (第五段第二句)分析：本句是主从复合句。that引导宾语从句；if引导条件状语从句；as Wired magazine put it是插入语；when引导时间状语从句。译文：正如连线杂志所说的，他们担心如果失败成为一种“荣誉的象征”，那么当有人努力减少失败的风险时甚至可能被视为“不厚道”。【词汇积累】picture v描述；想象embrace v接受；信奉slogan n标语；口号skeptical adj.怀疑的12What does the underlined phrase “screw up” in the second paragraph mean?AMake a profit.BMake a mess.CMake a highlight.DMake a risk.答案与解析：B考查词义猜测。由第二段中的“Instead of showing successes, as museums usually do, the Museum of Failure will display over 60 failed products from bigname companies such as Nokia, Apple and CocaCola.”可推知，此处指West博士希望大家看到每个人都尊崇的这些大品牌也曾经搞砸过。故选B项。13What message does the slogan “Fail fast, fail often.” convey?AThe more failure, the better.BAccept failure, and try new things.CThe more you fail, the less success you achieve.DFailure is more important than success.答案与解析：B考查句意理解。由第三段中的“Albert Einstein once said, A person who never made a mistake never tried anything new. And this idea has been embraced by lots of companies in the US.”可推知，这个标语表示要接受失败，并尝试新的事情。故选B项。14Which magazine shows doubt about the culture of failure?AThe New York Times.BForbes.CWired.DThe Guardian.答案与解析：C考查细节理解。由第五段中的“But some people are skeptical of this socalled culture of failure. They are worried that if failure becomes a symbol of honor， as Wired magazine put it, it may even be seen as uncool when someone tries to reduce the risk of failure.” 可推知，连线杂志对“失败文化”持怀疑态度。故选C项。15Whats Wests opinion about failure?AFailures value lies in learning from it.BIf you fail, you are a loser.CIts not necessary to try to reduce the risk of failure.DFailure is the key to put you forward.答案与解析：A考查细节理解。由最后一段中的“Learning is the only process that turns failure into success， West told The Guardian. If you dont learn from your failures, then youve really failed.”可知，West认为失败的价值在于我们能从中学到一些东西。故选A项。第二节(共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分)根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。2019山西八校联考Having success and being able to meet ones goals requires many things: knowledge, a sense of direction, hard work, luck, connections and perhaps a strong belief in yourself. We accomplish our goals one step at a time, doing a little each day. _1_ 1.Get up an hour early. People who get up early in the morning have a jump on the day. _2_ And some studies show that the willpower and attention are strongest in the morning. In fact, the morning may be the most productive part of your day. 2.Drink a glass of water with lemon juice. While your coffee is being prepared or waiting for the water to heat up, drink a glass of water with lemon juice. Why? Health experts say that drinking a combination of lemon juice and water first in the morning jumpstarts the bodys metabolism (新陈代谢) 3.Exercise! _3_ Exercising in the morning may not be for everyone. Some people like to exercise after work or at night. Physical fitness experts and trainers often suggest some form of exercise in the morning because the middle of the day is a busy time for most people. By the days end, you may not have the time or energy to exercise. 4._4_ Take time at the end of the day to think back on all the things that have happened. _5_ And spend a little time thinking about tomorrow. It may help you to prepare if you take a few minutes to think about what you need to do the next day.AMake a plan for tomorrow.BFor starters, they are awake!CThink about your day at night.DSome people may disagree with this one.ESo using your day effectively is important.FGive thanks to wonderful things, if you want.GWell, dont, as it is a great way to forget about the day ahead.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章向读者介绍了有效利用每一天的四个习惯。1答案与解析：E从空前一句和下文中的四个建议可知，本空承上启下，E项符合语境，E项中的“using your day effectively”是关键信息。2答案与解析：B根据空处所在段的小标题“Get up an hour early”并结合选项可知，B项符合语境。3答案与解析：D根据该段小标题和空处后两句内容可知，有些人可能是不同意早上锻炼的，故选D项。4答案与解析：C由本段内容特别是第一句可知，本段主要讲的是一天结束时要进行思考，故选C项。5答案与解析：F本空前一句内容是回顾一天发生的事情，故可推知空处应指回顾过后可对美好的事情表达一下感谢，故选F项。【易错分析】本