2020版高考英语复习课时作业（二十四）（含解析）北师大版选修8.docx

课时作业(二十四)授课提示：对应学生用书第363页课时练(一)阅读理解提速练练速度(限时：35分钟)阅读理解(共两节，满分40分)第一节(共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。A2019湖北调考Taking your English into the real worldThere is nothing quite like trying out your English in a country where the natives speak it fluently. Chen Yuan， a 24yearold senior from Fudan University， Shanghai， faced a series of challenges while visiting Europe， Australia and the US.What was the first thing you noticed when you arrived？When I first arrived， my biggest problem was that I didnt know any slang terms (俚语). I was greeting people with， “How are you？” while everyone else was saying， “Whats up？” I was finding it hard to communicate with local people even when they used simple words.What were the differences between the English you learned in the classroom and the English you had to use abroad？In the classroom I would remember patterns of speech. I knew that when someone asked. “How are you？” I should reply， “Fine， thank you. And you？” The problem came when people replied to me in different ways. I didnt know how to continue the conversation.What was the hardest thing to adapt to？Life in the West is very different. In the US I found it hard to travel about， as there was not much public transport. In New York there may be a subway， but it was hard to find a bus. In some smaller cities， everyone drove a car. It is not easy for a backpacker to travel around these places. I also didnt enjoy a lot of the food， because I think I was too used to Chinese cooking.Tell us a funny story from your time abroad.When I first arrived in Britain， I wanted to buy some shoes， but didnt know the word for pigskin or leather. I asked the salesman， “Are the shoes made of beef or pork？” I still remember the look on his face.【语篇解读】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文，主要介绍了复旦大学的Chen Yuan去国外旅行期间遇到的各方面问题，尤其是语言交流问题。【长难句分析】I was finding it hard to communicate with local people even when they used simple words.(第三段最后一句)分析：本句中it是形式宾语，真正的宾语是动词不定式短语to communicate with local people； when引导时间状语从句。译文：我发现即使当地人使用简单的词汇，我也很难与他们交流。【词汇积累】pigskin n.猪皮backpacker n.背包旅行者reply to回答1.What was Chen Yuans biggest barrier when she first arrived abroad？A.How to communicate.B.How to travel.C.What to eat.D.What to buy.答案与解析：A考查细节理解。关键句：When I first arrived， my biggest problem was that I didnt know any slang terms (俚语).(第三段第一句)译文：我刚到的时候，最大的问题是我不知道任何俚语。根据关键句及第三段最后一句“I was finding it hard to communicate with local people even when they used simple words.”可知，当Chen Yuan第一次到国外的时候，她最大的障碍就是不知道任何俚语，不懂得如何与外国人交流。故选A。2.What probably was the root of her communication problems？A.The way she greeted people.B.The way people replied to her.C.The way she started a conversation.D.The way she learned English in class.答案与解析：D考查细节理解。关键句：The problem came when people replied to me in different ways. I didnt know how to continue the conversation.(第五段最后两句)译文：当人们用不同的方式回答我时，问题来了。我不知道如何继续谈话。根据关键句及第五段第一句可知，Chen Yuan在中国英语课堂上注重语法的学习，可是在外国真正与外国人交流时就出现了问题，故出现交流问题的根源就是她在课堂上学习英语的这种方式。故选D。3.Which means of transport worried Chen Yuan in New York？A.Bus.B.Car.C.Subway. D.Railway.答案与解析：A考查细节理解。关键句：In New York there may be a subway， but it was hard to find a bus.(第七段第三句)译文：在纽约可能会有地铁，但是很难找到一辆公共汽车。根据关键句可知，在纽约很难找到公共汽车。故选A。4.Where can we most probably find this article？A.In a travel brochure.B.In a daily newspaper.C.In a historical novel.D.In a fashion magazine.答案与解析：B考查文章出处。本文主要讲述复旦大学的Chen Yuan去国外旅行期间遇到的各方面问题，且文中有问有答，故最有可能选自一份日报。故选B。BMy arms shook. The bow was almost as tall as I was， and it was equipped with an arrow， ready to be shot. Never had a more illsuited person handled a weapon. But my editor had sent me on a mission：to find my inner Katniss Everdeen at one of Beijings indoor archery clubs.The brilliant archer Everdeen is the lead character in The Hunger Games movies， the final of which was just released in cinemas. Her arrows can hit almost anything： swordswinging enemies， fierce animals， even aircraft somehow. Me？ I cant throw a paper ball into a trashcan with any precision. And I was warned that archery would require a great deal of upper body strength， though I hadnt seen the inside of a gym in years.News outlets like The New York Times and NPR have reported an increase of interest in archery， thanks to movies like The Hunger Games， Brave and The Avengers. Archery clubs have showed up in many major cities. In Jian Club， an archerythemed bar， we paid 120 yuan for an hours worth of target practice and prepared our bows and arrows.We were told to stand sideways， with one shoulder facing the bulls eye. Your weaker arm would hold the bow， while the other would pull the bowstring back until the arrow was right next to your face. Then it was meters away. Well， sort of. Instead of sending the arrows whistling through the air， my first few simply dropped onto the ground.The failure was a good reminder that archery is a demanding， Olympiclevel sport. It worked muscles in my back and arms that I just didnt have yet. An hour came and went， and I found myself leaving with a couple pierced (刺穿的) bulls eyes and sore shoulders. Was I ready to shoot down aircraft with a swift arrow？ Not quite. But I was definitely ready for a return trip.【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章叙述了作者应主编的要求，在北京一家箭术俱乐部首次体验射箭的经历。【长难句分析】And I was warned that archery would require a great deal of upper body strength， though I hadnt seen the inside of a gym in years.(第二段最后一句)分析：that引导宾语从句；though引导让步状语从句。译文：而且我被提醒说，射箭需要大量的上身力量，尽管我多年来都没有去过健身房。【词汇积累】arrow n.箭brilliant adj.杰出的bowstring n.弓弦archery club箭术俱乐部5.Why did the author visit an archery club？A.Because of working as a photographer.B.Because of being a fan of The Hunger Games.C.Because of being given a task by the editor.D.Because of wanting to try a new exercise form.答案与解析：C考查细节理解。由第一段最后一句“But my editor had sent me on a mission：to find my inner Katniss Everdeen at one of Beijings indoor archery clubs.”可知，作者去箭术俱乐部体验射箭的原因是要完成主编交代的任务。故正确答案为C。6.What best describes the authors trip to the archery club？A.Boring. B.Fascinating.C.Fruitless. D.Risky.答案与解析：B考查推理判断。关键句：But I was definitely ready for a return trip.(最后一段最后一句)译文：但我确实准备好了再次光顾。由关键句可知，作者第一次体验射箭后，虽然不算精通，但是很感兴趣，已经决定会再来练习；由此可推知，这次体验对于作者来说是有吸引力的。故正确答案为B。7.What can we learn about archery？A.It is not an Olympic event.B.It is a sport practiced singlehanded.C.It takes little effort to be good at it.D.It has gained more popularity recently.答案与解析：D考查推理判断。由第三段前两句“News outlets like The New York Times and NPR have reported an increase of interest in archery， thanks to movies like The Hunger Games， Brave and The Avengers. Archery clubs have showed up in many major cities.”可知，由于一些电影大片的影响，现在射箭这一活动很流行，大城市出现了很多箭术俱乐部。故正确答案为D。8.Whats the purpose of the text？A.To record an unforgettable experience.B.To discuss several hot films.C.To instruct readers to practice archery.D.To introduce a gym in Beijing.答案与解析：A考查写作意图。通读全文可知，文章叙述了作者第一次在箭术俱乐部体验射箭的难忘经历。故正确答案为A。C2019乌鲁木齐诊断The Queen has had to say goodbye to one of her longtime companions， her beloved pet corgi Holly， who has sadly passed away aged 13. The corgi will probably be familiar to royal fans who would recognize her from the 2012 London Olympics opening video.The dog was suffering from old age and was put down at Balmoral after suffering from an illness， leaving Her Majesty three surviving pet dogs， Willow and two corgidachshund crosses， Vulcan and Candy.According to a spokesperson for Buckingham palace， the Queen was deeply upset by Hollys passing and she doesnt like seeing her dogs suffer. Holly had attained a very good age. She gets more unsettled if they suffer and she knows that putting a dog down is often the kindest solution. She was devoted to Holly and wherever the Queen was， the dog was never far behind.Holly was included in one of the portraits for the Queens 90th birthday， along with her other three pet dogs. Although the Queen usually has several pet corgis， it was recently revealed that she is keen not to breed (繁殖) any more of the dogs. Monty Roberts， a horse trainer who has previously given advice to Queen， told the Daily Mail， “She wouldnt leave any young dogs behind if she died. She wanted to put an end to it. Her Majesty， had previously named one of her dogs after her friend， but the dog died in 2012. Dogs live for less time than human beings and we know were going to lose them but they are part of the Queens family. Shell be quite upset.”【语篇解读】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要报道了深受英国女王喜爱的宠物狗Holly死亡的消息。【长难句分析】Although the Queen usually has several pet corgis， it was recently revealed that she is keen not to breed (繁殖) any more of the dogs.(第四句第二句)分析：本句是一个复合句。Although引导让步状语从句；“it was recently revealed that she is keen not to breed (繁殖) any more of the dogs”中的it是形式主语，后面that引导的从句是真正的主语。Paraphrase(英英释义)：Actually， the Queen doesnt want her pets to give birth though she usually keeps a few pet corgis.【词汇积累】companion n.伙伴attain v.达到unsettled adj.不安的reveal v.显示9.What does the author mean by “putting a dog down” in Paragraph 3？A.Helping a dog to survive.B.Letting a dog go.C.Writing down the story of a dog.D.Killing a dog without causing any pain.答案与解析：D考查词义猜测。该题问的是第三段中“putting a dog down”是什么意思。根据第三段中的“she doesnt like seeing her dogs suffer. She gets more unsettled if they suffer”可知，英国女王不愿意看到她的宠物狗受苦如果让它们受苦，她会更加不安。言外之意是，女王不愿意看到自己的宠物痛苦地活着，想让它死的时候没有痛苦。由此可推知，putting a dog down指“在没有痛苦的情况下杀死一只狗”。故选D。10.We may learn from the text that _.A.the pet corgi Candy once appeared in London Olympics opening videoB.the Queen felt upset for the passing away of her beloved pet dogC.the Queen has decided to reproduce another young pet corgiD.there are altogether three dogs mentioned in the text答案与解析：B考查细节理解。关键句：According to a spokesperson for Buckingham palace， the Queen was deeply upset by Hollys passing. (第三段第一句)译文：据白金汉宫的一位发言人说，英国女王对Holly的死感到非常难过该题问的是从文中我们可以得知什么信息。根据关键句可知，英国女王对Holly的死感到很难过。故选B。11.The text is most probably taken from _.A.a newspaper B.a film reviewC.a biography D.a documentary答案与解析：A考查文章出处。该题问的是本文最有可能摘自哪里。本文从客观角度简要介绍了英国女王的宠物狗Holly死亡的消息和女王的情况。由此可推知，本文是一篇新闻报道，最有可能摘自一份报纸。故选A。D2019海口调研When we think about endangered species， we typically think of mammals such as whales， tigers or pandas. But the over 5,500 of mammal species on Earth is a relatively poor number and it pales in comparison with bacteria， of which there are at least a million different species.Despite their vast numbers， little research has been done to understand the impact that modern human practices have on these tiny organisms (生物)， which have an important influence on many aspects of our lives.There are also reasons for concern over the way humans are affecting bacterial species， and in many cases we are causing the same type of problems that affect larger organisms. Bacterial population structures are definitely changing， and bacterial species are being transported to new locations. Perhaps some bacteria are even on their way to extinction， although we dont really have enough information to be certain yet.Why should we care if bacteria are being spread to new places？ Besides the obvious potential for spreading diseases to humans， animals and crops， there are also hidden dangers.Microorganisms are invisible to the naked eye， so we tend to ignore them and dont necessarily appreciate their role in how the planet operates. Bacteria are very important to biogeochemistry the cycling of nutrition and other chemicals through ecosystems. For instance， before humans invented a way to make fertilizer industrially， every single nitrogen (氮) atom in our proteins and DNA had to be chemically caught by a bacterial cell before it could be taken in by plants and then enter the human food chain. The oxygen we breathe is largely made by microorganisms in the oceans rather than mainly by rainforests， as is opposite to common belief.Our effects on bacteria have the potential to change these basic bacterial functions. It is vital to gain a better understanding of how humans are affecting microorganisms distribution， their abundance， and their lifekeeping processes. Although bacteria are invisible， we overlook them at our own risk.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了微生物对人类生活的影响。【长难句分析】But the over 5,500 of mammal species on Earth is a relatively poor number and it pales in comparison with bacteria， of which there are at least a million different species.(第一段第二句)分析：这是一个并列复合句。and连接两个分句，of which引导的定语从句修饰先行词bacteria。Paraphrase(英英释义)：Mammal species are much less than bacteria species. The number of mammal species is more than 5 500， and that of bacteria species is more than a million.【词汇积累】relatively adv.相对地influence n.影响common adj.普遍的，普通的in comparison with. 与比较12.What can be learned about the bacteria according to the text？A.Their population is becoming larger.B.They only cause great threat to other creatures.C.Some of them may become endangered species.D.Much attention has been drawn to their researches.答案与解析：C考查细节理解。关键句：Perhaps some bacteria are even on their way to extinction， although we dont really have enough information to be certain yet.(第三段最后一句)译文：也许有些细菌甚至已经濒临灭绝，尽管迄今为止我们还没有足够的信息来确定。根据关键句及第三段内容可知，一些细菌可能已经成为濒临灭绝的物种。故选C。13.What was the first step of the cycling of a nitrogen atom before entering our body？A.Being taken in by plants.B.Entering the human food chain.C.Being transported by humans.D.Being caught by a bacterial cell.答案与解析：D考查细节理解。关键句：. every single nitrogen (氮) atom in our proteins and DNA had to be chemically caught by a bacterial cell before it could be taken in by plants and then enter the human food chain.(倒数第二段第三句)译文：我们体内的蛋白质和DNA中的每一个氮原子在被植物吸收然后进入人类食物链之前，必须经由细菌细胞以化学方法进行捕捉。根据关键句可知，氮原子在进入我们的身体之前的第一步是经由细菌细胞的捕捉。故选D。14.Where is the majority of oxygen produced according to the text？A.In the oceans.B.In the rainforest.C.In the mountains.D.In the human food chain.答案与解析：A考查细节理解。关键句：The oxygen we breathe is largely made by microorganisms in the oceans rather than mainly by rainforests， as is opposite to common belief.(倒数第二段最后一句)译文：我们呼吸的氧气主要是由海洋中的微生物制造的，而不是主要由热带雨林制造的，这与人们的普遍看法相反。根据关键句可知，大部分氧气产自海洋。故选A。15.What is the authors attitude towards the opinion that we should learn more about bacteria？A.Ambiguous. B.Positive.C.Indifferent. D.Critical.答案与解析：B考查观点态度。关键句：It is vital to gain a better understanding of how humans are affecting microorganisms distribution， their abundance， and their lifekeeping processes.(最后一段第二句)译文：更好地了解人类如何对微生物的分布、丰富度和维持生命的过程产生影响至关重要。根据关键句并结合文章内容可推知，作者认为我们应该更多地去了解细菌。故选B。第二节(共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分)根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。2019河北衡水中学模拟Runners need to move 15 per cent faster on a treadmill (跑步机) to burn the same number of calories as jogging outdoors， research reveals. Researchers found running on treadmills significantly reduces the amount of oxygen joggers use. _1_The experiment procedure. Researchers from Milan University analysed the difference between running outdoors and on a treadmill in 15 physically fit males with an average age of 21. _2_ And it was followed by 30 seconds of recovery for a total of 15 minutes both outdoors and on a treadmill. Oxygen use and exercise intensity were measured after both types of running.The Results.The results revealed that when on a treadmill， runners use significantly lower amounts of oxygen， suggesting less effort is required. _3_4_ A 15 per cent increase in running speed during a high intermittent (间歇的) intensity treadmill training session is the optional solution to reach the same physiological responses as an outdoor training session.Possible reasons for the difference. _5_ But the previous research suggests the moving belt of a treadmill propels (推进) joggers forward， causing them to move faster. Exercising indoors also means gymgoers do not have to fight with steep hills or wind resistance. Michael Silverman， director of rehabilitation and wellness at Northern Westchester Hospital in New York， said， “Outdoors， you are changing surfaces constantly， fighting the wind， and making quick and sudden starts and stops， which all lead to increased caloric burn.”A.The solution.B.The study suggested that we do sports outdoors.C.The participants ran as fast as they can for 30 seconds.D.And that suggests running on treadmills requires less effort.E.The study did not work out why treadmill running appears to be less strenuous (费力的).F.Why there is difference in calory burning between doing sports on a treadmill and jogging outdoors？G.Therefore， runners must move faster on a treadmill to achieve the same results as exercising outdoors.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。一项研究表明，跑步者在跑步机上的速度要比户外慢跑快15%才能与其燃烧同等热量，因此人们应尽量去户外运动。【长难句分析】The results revealed that when on a treadmill， runners use significantly lower amounts of oxygen， suggesting less effort is required.(第三段第一句)分析：本句是主从复合句。that引导的宾语从句作revealed的宾语；在宾语从句中，when引导时间状语从句，意为“当的时候”；suggesting less effort is required是现在分词作结果状语。译文：结果表明，在跑步机上跑步时，跑步者的耗氧量大大降低，这表明在跑步机上跑步需要的力气较少。【词汇积累】reveal v.显示，揭示analyse v.分析response n.反应，回应previous adj.先前的1.答案与解析：D根据上一句可知，在跑步机上跑步时，跑步者的耗氧量大大降低，表明这种方式更省力；结合第三段中的“suggesting less effort is required”可知，D项符合语境。故选D。2.答案与解析：C根据第二段小标题及内容可知，本段介绍了实验的过程；再根据上一句中的“in 15 physically fit males with an average age of 21”可知，15名平均年龄为21岁的健康男子是该实验的参与者，C项中的“The participants”指这些健康男子。故选C。3.答案与解析：G根据第三段内容可知，本段主要介绍了实验的结果，G项与其相呼应，也是实验的结果，即跑步者必须在跑步机上跑得更快才能达到和户外运动一样的效果。故选G。4.答案与解析：A根据本段中“the optional solution”可知，本段介绍了解决方法。故选A。5.答案与解析：E根据下一句可知，以往的研究表明，跑步机上移动的跑带会推动跑步者向前，从而让他们跑得更快，这是以往的研究解释了在跑步机上更省力的原因。E项中的“why treadmill running appears to be less strenuous(费力的)”与之呼应。故选E。课时练(二)英语知识运用板块练练准度(限时：30分钟)英语知识运用(共两节，满分45分)第一节完形填空(共20小题；每小题1.