主谓一致课件周子莙.ppt

主谓一致现象,一、自主学习及情景诱思 1、什么叫主谓一致？ 2、主谓一致的分类原则：,主谓一致现象,二、精讲点拨 1、什么叫主谓一致现象？,主谓一致是指谓语动词在人称和数上与句子的主语保持一致。,a, 语法一致原则 b, 就近原则和就远原则 c, 谓语动词只用单数的情况 d, 谓语动词只用复数的情况 e, 谓语动词用单数或复数均可的情况 d, 需要特别提醒的情况,2、主谓一致的分类原则：,语法 一致 原则,单数,单数,The boy was struggling for a better life.,复数,复数,The students are working hard to go to college.,2、主谓一致的分类原则,就 近 原 则,由or, either. . . or. . . , neither. . . nor. . . , not only. . . but also. . . 等连接 两个或两个以上的主语时,由there, here引起的主语不止一个时,与最近的主语在单复数上保持一致,和最邻近的主语保持一致,Either the shirts or the sweater is a good buy. Not only the students but also their teacher is enjoying the film.,Here are the two pencils and a pen for you. There stands the temple.,就 远 原 则,当主语后有介词 with, together/along with, including, like, but, except, other than, rather than和 as well as+ 等名词 短语时，谓语动词 应和前面的主语在 人称和数上保持一致。,The teacher as well as the students was excited at the news. 听到这个消息，老师和学生们 都很激动。 Nobody except my parents knows anything about it. 除了我父母之外，没有人知道 这事。,意 义 一 致 原 则,由连词and连接的并列 成分指的是同一概念， 兼具身份或匹配出现。 此时名词前往往仅有一个冠词,no/ each/every/many a +单数名词+and+no/each/every/many a+ 单数名词,one/every one/each/ either/the number +of+复数名词,单数,The poet and writer has come. The poet and the write have come .,Each boy and each girl has an apple. Many a student is from the countryside,The number of students from the north is small.,意 义 一 致 原 则,clothing,furniture, traffic, jewellery, baggage, equipment, luggage等无生命的集 体名词,以-s结尾的表示学科、国家、机构、书籍、报刊等名称的词,表示时间、重量、距离、价格、金钱、体积等的复数名词表达一个整体概念,单数,Clothing is badly needed in this flooded area. The equipment of this house is really bad .,Politics is often a topic for discussion.,Ten years is a moment in the long history.,意 义 一 致 原 则,由every-, any-, some-, no-和-one, -thing, -body等所构成的不定代词,动词-ing形式、动词 不定式和名词性从句,单数,Is everybody here today?,Persuading him to join us seems really hard. Whatever left was taken away.,意 义 一 致 原 则,由and，bothand.连接的两个并列成分如名词、代词、动词不定式、动名词短语或从句等表示两个不同的概念,people, police, cattle等有生命的集体名词,复数,1. A poet and a writer have come. 2. What I saw and what I heard are the same.,1. Most People read for pleasure during their spare time. 2. A lot of cattle are eating grass on the hill.,意 义 一 致 原 则,一些常用作复数或只有复数形式的名，如compasses，goods, scissors, stairs, arms等,山脉、群岛、瀑布、运动会等以-s结尾的专有名词,复数,The goods in the shop are sold out.,The Olympic Games are held once every four years.,意 义 一 致 原 则,a number of/ quantities of/+名词 one or two,复数,Great quantities of fish were caught that day.,意 义 一 致 原 则,集体名词class, family, army, team, club, population, company, minority，enemy, party, crowd, crew, audience, public, government, majority, group等强调整体谓语用单数， 指个体成员谓语用复数, Our family has a reunion 团聚 every year. His family are waiting for him.,单复数同形的名词， 如means, works, deer, fish, sheep等, Every means has been tried. All possible means have been tried.,单 复 数 视 情 况 而 定,意 义 一 致 原 则,all, none, some, any等 不定代词作主语，根 据其指代的内容而定, All is going on very well. All are present besides the professor.,“half/ most/ enough/ part/ the rest/ the last/lots/plenty/分数词/ 百分比+ of+ 名词” 作主语, 谓语要和of之后的名词的单复数保持一致,About one third of the books are worth reading. Only 60 percent of the work has been done yesterday.,单 复 数 视 情 况 而 定,1. What we want most at present _a lot of money. 2. It is Jim who _ (enjoy)chatting on the Internet. 3. A number of students_ (be) my friends. The number of students _(be) 2,000. 4. These pairs of trousers _( belong ) to Jim. 5 . In the south of the town _ (stand)an ancient temple. Now _(come) your turn. 6. Quantities of good earth being washed away each year.,are,are,is,stands,comes,三、合作探究，从中归纳出主谓一致的特殊情况,is,enjoys,belong,2. 在定语从句中，关系 代词作主语，其谓语动 词的数和先行词保持一 致，但“one of+复数名 词”后面的定语从句的谓 语动词用复数，而在 “the (only/very)one of+ 复数名词”后面所接的定 语从句中，谓语动词却 用单数。,特 别 提 醒,He is one of the students who have taken part in the activity. 他是参加过这个活动的学 生之一。 He is the only one of the students who has taken part in the activity. 他是惟一参加过这个活动 的学生。,特 别 提 醒,3. 由两部分构成的表示物体 的名词，如 trousers, glasses clothes,scissors (剪刀), compasses(圆规)等作主语时，谓语动词常用复数， 但是如果这类名词前 用了a pair of/a set of / a kind of来修饰时，谓语动 词在数上要与pair /set /kind 保持一致。, These trousers need cleaning. 这些 裤子需要洗。 This pair of trousers is mine. 这 条裤子是我的。,特 别 提 醒,1.what和whatever 引导主语从句时谓语动词的单复数根据从句所表达的意义上的数确定; 再者可以视其后面的表语的单复数而定, What he says and does do not agree. 他言行不一。 What he says and does does not concern me. 他的言行与我无关。 3.What we have now are just some hard-working helpers帮手 .,特 别 提 醒,4. a quantity of / quantities of 后既可接可数名词复数， 也可接不可数 名词, 其谓语 动词视quantity 单复数而定。,With more forests being destroyed, a large quantity of good earth is being washed away each year. =With more forests being destroyed, quantities of good earth are being washed away each year. 随着越来越多的森林被砍伐，每年 有大量的优质泥土被冲刷走了。,特 别 提 醒,5. a number of + 复数名词,用复数谓语； the number of + 复数名词，用单数谓语 6. 在here/there/in/out/ up/down等副词，表方位的介词短语以及作表语的分词用于句首的完全倒装句中，谓语动词跟后面的主语一致。,1. A number of students have joined clubs in our school. 我们学校的很多学生都加入了社团。 2. There stands a tall tree in front of the house. 房子的前边耸立着一棵高树。 3. Left on the table are two bananas and an apple 桌子上剩下二根香蕉和一个苹果。,四、课堂运用 主谓一致在写作中的运用 （2012年江西高考卷）某英文报社举办以“ I like reading”为主题的征文活动， 你打算投稿。请根据以下要点写一篇短文： 1. 你为什么喜欢读书。 2. 你喜欢读哪一类的书。 3. 说明你喜欢的理由。（100字左右） 以下是其范文，仔细阅读短文，用所给的单词的适当形式填空。,Reading _ (be) my favorite hobby. I can never stop the love for reading because books _ (be) like wise teachers as well as good friends in my life. As we know,books are the source of knowledge. I _ (benefit ) a great deal from reading. There _ (be) a variety of books for us to choose from, like history books, science books, literary books and so on. But what interests me most _ (be) literary books,especially those by famous writers. For one thing, they _ (help) to improve my writing skills and broaden my horizon. For another, they can enrich and provide me with great fun. _(be not )it a pleasure for you while you _ (be) reading ?,is,are,benefit,are,are,help,Isnt,are,1. 11湖南）One-third of the country_covered with trees and the majority of the citizens_black people. A. is; are B. is; is C. are; are D. are; is,2. 1999年上海）E-mail ,as well as telephone,_an important role in daily communication nowadays. A. is playing B.played C. had played D. was played,A,A,五、巩固提高：完成下列练习，并背诵其句子,3. 2010湖南Listening to loud music at rock concerts _caused hearing loss in some teenagers. A. is B. are C. has D. have,4. 2010四川Such poets as Shakespeare_ widely read, of whose works, however, some_difficult to understand. A. are; are B. is; is C. are; is D. is; are,C,A,5. 2009湖南Either you or one of your students _to attend the meeting that is due 原定于tomorrow. A. are B. is C. have D. be,6. 2009陕西Dr. Smith, together with his wife and daughters,_ visit Beijing this summer. A. is going to B. are going to C. was going to D. were going to,B,A,7. The number of people invited _ fifty, but a number of them _ absent for different reasons. A.were , was B