西风颂OdetotheWestW.ppt

制作者：,两种译文鉴赏（江枫和王佐良） （of P.B. Shelley and his Ode the West Wind）,课件内容,1. 雪莱短暂的一生及其作品 （Biographical information） 西风颂的写作背景 （Setting background） 译者王佐良和江枫简介 4. 王和江的译文对比分析 5. 诗歌翻译的文学意境,Brief introduction of P.B. Shelley(17921822）,雪莱短暂的一生,Shelley was born on August 4,1792, near Horsham in Sussex, into an aristocratic family. His father was Sussex squire (乡绅) and a Whig Member of Parliament. In 1804, Shelley entered Eton College and in 1810, the Oxford University. In 1811, he was expelled from the college for publishing The Necessity Of Atheism， 无神论的必要性. He eloped with a sixteen- year-old girl, Harriet ，who got drowned in 1816. But during the ,1,雪莱短暂的一生,failed marriage, he fell in love with Mary Godwin, the a author of Frankenstein, and eloped with her to the European Continent. They got married a few weeks after Harriets body was found. On 8 July 1822, less than a month before his 30th birthday, Shelley drowned in a sudden storm while sailing back from Livorno to Lerici. His body was burned on the beach, and his ashes were placed in the Protestant cemetery at,2,雪莱短暂的一生,Rome, near the grave where, a few months before, Keats had been laid. After Shelleys death, Mary compiled and published The Complete Poetical Works of Percy Bysshe Shelley遗诗集 He established his heroes as those who are supported by others, and struggle for the collective bliss of a whole nation or of all humanity, instead of fighting only for personal happiness. ,3,雪莱的主要作品,The Revolt of Islam(1818) 伊斯兰的反叛 On A Faded Violet(1818) 一朵枯萎的紫罗兰 Ode To The West Wind(1819)西风颂 Prometheus Unbound(1819) 解放了的普罗米修斯 The Cenci(1819) 钦契 To A Skylark(1820) 致云雀 The Cloud(1820) 云 Ode To Liberty(1820) 自由颂,4,Shelleys Poetry,Assessment Most of Shelleys poetry reveals his philosophy, a combination of belief in the power of human love and reason, and faith in the perfectibility and ultimate progress of man. His lyric poems are superb in their beauty, grandeur, and mastery of language. Although Matthew Amold labeled him an “ineffectual angel,” 20th-century critics have taken Shelley seriously, recognizing his wit, his gifts as a satirist, and his influence as a social and political thinker.,西风颂是 雪莱“三大颂”诗歌中的一首，写于1819年。这首诗是诗人“骄傲、轻捷而不驯的灵魂”的自白，是时代精神的写照。 Lofty & dignified language（庄重的语言） Deep feelings & emotions（深沉的情感） 诗共分5节，每节的韵脚安排是：aba，bcb，cdc，ded，ee。,Shelleys Poetry,西风颂的写作背景,Event Time：August 16, 1819 Location ：The Slaughter of St. Peters. Manchester(彼得卢事件，曼彻斯特) Two party: Englands nobility & working-class citizens Relative words: Economic problems(经济问题） French Revolution（法国大革命） Established order（既定规章制度） Earliamentary reform & laws redesigned （重整国会&重订法律条文） Result: 11 killed & 500 injured（11死，500伤）,The Slaughter of St. Peter 彼得卢屠杀事件 1819.8.16,西风颂的写作背景,Place: a Forest in Western Italy Florence (弗罗伦斯) Arno River (阿诺河畔) Weather&Clime: Autumn Before the downpour Wild wind,Setting of the poem,西风颂的写作背景,Written in the Autumn, 1819, and published in the following year, this poem was conceived and chiefly written in a wood that skirts the Arno, near Florence, and on a day when the tempestuous wind, whose temperature is at once mild and animating, was collecting the vapors which pour down the autumnal rains. They began, as I foresaw, at sunset with a violent tempest of hail and rain, attended by that magnificent thunder and lightning peculiar to the Cisalpine regions.,西风颂雪莱“三大颂”诗歌中的一首，写于1819年当时，欧洲各国的工人运动和革命运动风起云涌。1819年8月，曼彻斯特八万工人举行了声势浩大的游行示威，反动当局竟出动军队野蛮镇压，制造了历史上著名的彼得卢大屠杀事件。拿破仑帝国的解体也大大促进了西班牙人民反对异族压迫和封建专制的革命运动，1819年1月，终于响起了武装起义的枪声。就在武装起义的前夕，海涅给西班牙人民献上了颂歌一首，为西班牙革命吹响了进军的号角。在意大利和希腊，民族解放运动方兴未艾，雪莱的西风颂发表不久，这两个国家也先后爆发了轰轰烈烈的武装起义。,西风颂的写作背景,面对着欧洲山雨欲来风满楼的革命形势，雪莱为之鼓舞，为之振奋，诗人胸中沸腾着炽热的革命激情。这时，在一场暴风骤雨的自然景象的触发下，这种难以抑制的革命激情立刻冲出胸膛，一泻千里，化作激昂慷慨的歌唱。这时诗人正旅居意大利，处于创作的高峰期。这首诗可以说是诗人“骄傲、轻捷而不驯的灵魂”的自白，是时代精神的写照。诗人凭借自己的诗才，借助自然的精灵让自己的生命与鼓荡的西风相呼相应，用气势恢宏的篇章唱出了生命的旋律和心灵的狂舞。,西风颂的写作背景,王佐良（1916-1995），英国文学专家,教授。浙江上虞人。1939年毕业于清华大学外语系。 1947年留学英国牛津大学。1949年回国任教。在诗歌和文学上都具有杰出成就。王佐良先生选择了英国诗史上从乔叟(Chaucer)、蒲柏(Pope)、拜伦(Byron)等到希尼(Seamus Heaney)近70位诗人的作品, 题材广泛, 诗体多样。其诗文凤上与彭斯一致。除先后出版英国诗文选译集、彭斯诗选(40首)、彭斯诗选(61首)、彭斯选集、苏格兰诗选，并且在1997年 王佐良文集中也有不少诗歌翻译作品。,译者王佐良和江枫的简介,1.王佐良,江枫（1916-1995），原名吴云森，安徽歙县人，1929年7月生于上海。曾就读于西南联大附中、清华大学外文系和北京大学中文系。 1996年被聘为清华大学外语系暨人文学院兼职教授。英国剑桥国际传记中心荣誉顾问；北京国际汉字研究会顾问。著有诗歌塞上行，剧本车夫之死，译著雪莱诗选、狄金森诗选、雪莱抒情诗全集、雪莱抒情诗选(英汉对照本)、美国现代诗抄、南斯拉夫马其顿诗选、中国的战歌、中国在反击、史沫特莱传、伊索寓言全集、雪莱全集等,译者王佐良和江枫的简介,2.江枫,Ode to the West Wind Stanza I O wild West Wind, thou breath of Autumns being, Thou, from whose unseen presence the leaves dead Are driven, like ghosts from an enchanter fleeing, Yellow, and black, and pale, and hectic red, Pestilence-stricken multitudes: O thou, Who chariotest to their dark wintry bed The winged seeds, where they lie cold and low, Each like a corpse within its grave, until Thine azure sister of the Spring shall blow Her clarion oer the dreaming earth, and fill (Driving sweet buds like flocks to feed in air) With living hues and odours plain and hill: Wild Spirit, which art moving everywhere; Destroyer and preserver; hear, oh hear!,Stanza II Thou on whose stream, mid the steep skys commotion, Loose clouds like earths decaying leaves are shed, Shook from the tangled boughs of Heaven and Ocean, Angels of rain and lightning: there are spread On the blue surface of thine aery surge, Like the bright hair uplifted from the head Of some fierce Maenad, even from the dim verge Of the horizon to the zeniths height, The locks of the approaching storm. Thou dirge Of the dying year, to which this closing night Will be the dome of a vast sepulchre, Vaulted with all thy congregated might Of vapours, from whose solid atmosphere Black rain, and fire, and hail will burst: oh hear!,Stanza III Thou who didst waken from his summer dreams The blue Mediterranean, where he lay, Lulld by the coil of his crystalline streams, Beside a pumice isle in Baiaes bay, And saw in sleep old palaces and towers Quivering within the waves intenser day, All overgrown with azure moss and flowers So sweet, the sense faints picturing them! Thou For whose path the Atlantics level powers Cleave themselves into chasms, while far below The sea-blooms and the oozy woods which wear The sapless foliage of the ocean, know Thy voice, and suddenly grow gray with fear, And tremble and despoil themselves: oh hear!,Stanza IV If I were a dead leaf thou mightest bear; If I were a swift cloud to fly with thee; A wave to pant beneath thy power, and share The impulse of thy strength, only less free Than thou, O uncontrollable! If even I were as in my boyhood, and could be The comrade of thy wanderings over Heaven, As then, when to outstrip thy skiey speed Scarce seemd a vision; I would neer have striven As thus with thee in prayer in my sore need. Oh, lift me as a wave, a leaf, a cloud! I fall upon the thorns of life! I bleed! A heavy weight of hours has chaind and bowd One too like thee: tameless, and swift, and proud.,Stanza V Make me thy lyre, even as the forest is: What if my leaves are falling like its own! The tumult of thy mighty harmonies Will take from both a deep, autumnal tone, Sweet though in sadness. Be thou, Spirit fierce, My spirit! Be thou me, impetuous one! Drive my dead thoughts over the universe Like witherd leaves to quicken a new birth! And, by the incantation of this verse, Scatter, as from an unextinguishd hearth Ashes and sparks, my words among mankind! Be through my lips to unawakend earth The trumpet of a prophecy! Oh Wind, If Winter comes, can Spring be far behind?,用最后一节来进行比较分析,Make me thy lyre, even as the forest is: What if my leaves are falling like its own 王佐良： 让我做你的竖琴吧，就同森林一般， 纵然我们都落叶纷纷，又有何妨！ 江枫： 象你以森林演奏，请也以我为琴， 哪怕我的叶片也象森林的一样凋谢！,王和江的译文比较鉴赏,分析：这两句中，王佐良是直接译出，未作词序上的变动，而江则进行了词序的大调整。总的从风格上来讲，王文断句上显得比较简练，基本符合中文的用于习惯，达意也比较明确，窃以为，这句话，王文要优于江文,The tumult of thy mighty harmonies Will take from both a deep, autumnal tone, 王佐良： 我们身上的秋色斑烂， 好给你那狂飚曲添上深沉的回响， 江枫： 你那非凡和谐的慷慨激越之情， 定能从森林和我同奏出深沉的秋乐，,王和江的译文比较鉴赏,分析：这两句中，由于比较抽象， 王、江二人均以意译的方式来处理，两者相比较而言，本人感觉江文略胜于王文，江还是在借助上一句中森林的意象进行分析，这样衔接比较妥当，森林即使凋谢，也亦有深沉的欢乐，与中国的 “化作春泥更护花”颇有贴近，诗人的乐观主义情怀跃然纸上。,王和江的译文比较鉴赏,Sweet though in sadness. Be thou, Spirit fierce, My spirit! Be thou me, impetuous one! 王佐良： 甜美而带苍凉。给我你迅猛的劲头！ 豪迈的精灵，化成我吧，借你的锋芒， 江枫： 悲怆却又甘冽。但愿你勇猛的精灵 竟是我的魂魄，我能成为剽悍的你！,分析：此文翻译后的意象 ， 两者竟然截然相反，由此可见诗歌翻译的不确定性，王文以自身为主，将自己的奋发的满腔激情注入西风这个精灵中，江文则反道而行，愿借西风的勇猛势头来坚定自己内心的意念，增强自己对革命必将胜利的勇气。而从背景中是诗人 借助自然的精灵让自己的生命与鼓荡的西风相呼相应的，某种程度上，二者已合二为一。所以译文无所谓对错，关键在于角度。,本人更倾向于王文，承上能把诗人的内心激荡的气势表现得更为有力，可以把勇气借给西风，来一扫肃杀的决心。,Drive my dead thoughts over the universe Like withered leaves to quicken a new birth! And , by the incantation of this verse, 王佐良： 把我的腐朽思想扫出宇宙， 扫走了枯叶好把新生来激发； 凭着我这诗韵做符咒， 江枫： 请把我枯萎的思绪播送宇宙， 就象你驱遣落叶催促新的生命， 请凭借我这韵文写就的符咒，,王和江的译文比较鉴赏,评析：这里两文的区别就只体现在选词上了，意境的营造已经出入不大了，但对于准确用词达意程度来说，王文明显高于江文，如红色部分所标，词汇选用不大妥帖，且江文末句相比较而言，也有失凝练。,Scatter, is from an unextinguished hearth Ashes and sparks, my words among mankind! Be through my lips to unawakened earth 王佐良： 犹如从未灭的炉头吹出火花， 把我的话散布在人群之中！ 对那沉睡的大地，拿我的嘴当喇叭， 江枫： 就象从未灭的余烬飏出炉灰和火星， 把我的话语传遍天地间万户千家， 通过我的嘴唇，向沉睡未醒的人境，,王和江的译文比较鉴赏,评析： 同样是选词上，这一段江的词语却又十分到位，刚柔得体，既十分大气，又不失文雅，如“余烬飏出”“万户千家”。在表意方面，比“喇叭”与“炉火”过的意象更为鲜明; 就气势上讲，江文也更为恢弘磅礴。,The trumpet of a prophecy! O Wind, If Winter comes , can Spring be far behind? 王佐良： 吹响一个预言！呵，西风， 如果冬天已到，难道春天还用久等？ 江枫： 让预言的号角奏鸣！哦，风啊， 如果冬天来了，春天还会远吗？,王和江的译文比较鉴赏,评析：此处江文的第二句话对我们来说，几乎早已耳熟能详，可见“如果冬天来了，春天还会