句子结构分析法巧解语法填空题.ppt

句子结构分析法 巧解语法填空题,语法填空是对考生语法和上下文的语境理解的考查;要求考生具备语法知识、语篇知识、单词拼写和逻辑推理的能力等，对考生来说，难度较大。分析句子的结构对解答语法填空题很有帮助。,一、句子的基本结构 掌握简单句的基本句型结构： (1)主语+谓语(+宾语+宾补) (2)主语+系动词+表语 复合句：主句+从句,掌握充当各个句子成分的典型词类：,名词或代词、 动名词、不定式短语,动词,形容词,形容词或形容词性物主代词,副词,1.(2008广一模)At that moment an attractive young lady _ noticed my book came up to me and introduced _. She said her name was Miss Bai She,who/that,herself,2.(2008年广一模) That was definitely not an attractive idea so I politely declined her invitation, _ (close) my book and walked away.,closed,3.(2008韶关一模)While your IQ tells you how _ (intelligence) you are, your EQ tells you how well you use your intelligence.,intelligent,4. (2007东莞一模)They can see plays, films, operas, and shows of every kind, not to mention the latest _ (excite) football match. 5.(2007深圳一模)“Thirty-five cents,” she said _ (rude).,rudely,exciting,6.(2007东莞一模)The television viewer makes no choice and no judgment. He is completely passive and has everything _ (present) to him without any effort on his part.,presented,掌握句子的扩展结构：两个或几个简单句之间若不用句号或分号，就必须要用连词，否则，句子的结构就不完整。 连词主要有四类：,(1)并列句: (2)状语从句: (3)定语从句: (4)名词性从句:,and, but, or, while(而，却), when(就在这个时候)等。,if, unless, before, after, until, although, though, as, since, because, so, so that等。,who, which, that, when, where, why等。,that, if /whether(是否), wh-等词。,7.(2007广一模)Then I went to the department store _ I worked part-time and bought her an expensive gift box of Sichuan beef. 8.(2007深圳二模)I almost started to yell his name _ I suddenly remembered he was in bed asleep.,where,when,二、运用句子结构分析法解题 在解答语法填空题时，分析句子结构可以迅速确定所要填的词语的词类或大致方向，若再结合语境就可以很快得出具体的词语或词形。请看下面的例题。 通过语感解题。,Do paper exercise,从上述解题过程可以看出，80%的题目可以用句子结构分析法解答，但要得出最终答案，还需综合考虑以下两个点： (1)语境因素。要根据上下文的意思、逻辑关系、前后词语的搭配关系来确定所填词语的语境意义，进而确定要填的词语。 (2)一致关系。要考虑主谓一致、时态一致、指称一致等，才能确定所填词语的具体词形。,针对这一考查方式，备考复习时要达到以下几个基本要求： (1)对于连词、介词、关系代词、关系副词等，不仅要理解它们的意思，还要熟记它们，在考试时能准确、快速地提取它们。 (2)对于动词，要掌握常用的时态、语态和非谓语动词的用法。 (3)对于句子，要能够分析其结构，懂得在什么时候该用什么词性。 (4)对于单词，不仅要背诵其意义和拼写，还好掌握基本的词形变换。,practice,Homework 英语2008年零距离突破 P35 实战操练 1-3篇,Thank you,Thirty-two people watched Kitty Genovese 1 (kill) right below their windows. She was 2 neighbor. Yet 3 of the 32 helped her. Not one even called the police. John Barley and Bib Fatane went beyond the headlines to research into the 4 why people didnt act. They found that a person has to go through two steps 5 he can help. First he has to notice that it is 6 emergency (紧急情况). Is the smoke coming into the room 7 a leak in the air conditioning? Is it “steam pipes”? Or is it really smoke from a fire? Its not always easy to tell if you are faced with a real emergency. Second, and 8 important, the person faced with an emergency must feel personally 9 (responsibility). He must feel that he must help, 10 the person wont get the help he needs.,Thirteen-year-old Andrew will never forget that Saturday. He was relaxing on his familys sofa with his sister, Susan. Suddenly the heater exploded. His sister, who was unhurt, managed to pull 36 away from the fire 37 his mum dialed for an ambulance. 38 ambulance soon arrived and rushed him to Childrens Hospital 39 he was operated on immediately. Doctors told his mum there was little chance of Andrew being able to walk again. The damage to his body was so bad and the cuts in his legs so deep that the 40 (operate) took 11 hours. After a couple of weeks, he 41 (allow) to go home but had to spend the next six weeks in a wheelchair. 42 the help of his doctor, this brave young boy returned to school after only two and a half months. 43 (look) back on the accident,