红字thescarletl.ppt

Nathaniel Hawthorne (1804-1864),The Scarlet Letter,鲁凤鸣19 赵文琪31,留玉琼 05 张佳美17,谢俊文28,Identity Tag Biography Influences on Hawthorne Hawthornes point of view content Thematic Concerns Hawthornes Major Works Hawthornes aesthetic ideas Style The Scarlet Letter,3,American novelist Short story writer A central figure in the American Renaissance Greatest Romance writer Pioneering psychological novelist Moral novelist,“Like EdgarAllan Poe, Hawthorne took a dark view of human Nature.”,Identity Tag:,4,Born July 4, 1804,entered Bowdoin College in 1821,first work Fanshawe, in 1828,marrying Sophia Peabody in 1842,Scarlet Letter in 1850,Died May 19, 1864,Biography:,Influences on Hawthorne,Salem - early childhood, later work at the Custom House. Puritan family background - one of his forefathers was Judge Hathorne, who presided over the Salem witchcraft trials, 1692. Belief in the existence of the devil. Belief in determinism（宿命论）.,Hawthornes point of view,Hawthorne is influenced by Puritanism（清教主义） deeply. He was not a Puritan himself, but he had Puritan ancestors who played an important role in his life and works. Melville : “霍桑描写黑暗的巨大力量，是由于受到加尔文派关于与生俱来的堕落与原罪思想的影响。没有一位思想深邃的人能完全摆脱这种思想所发生的各种形式的影响。” Hawthorne评Melville:“他既不肯信教，又对自己的不信感到惶恐不安。”对霍桑同样适用。,(1) Evil is at the core of human life.,Hawthorne sense of sin and evil in life, “black” vision of life and human is haunted Evil exists in the human heart, human heart is the source of evil. Everyone possesses some evil secret. Evil is mans birthmark（胎记）. a most disturbed and tormented one, discusses sin and evil in almost every book literary world rejects the Transcendentalist optimism looks more deeply and more honestly into life, finding much suffering & conflict in it, (2) Whenever there is sin, there is punishment. Sin or evil can be passed from generation to generation,The House of the Seven Gables 带有七个尖角阁的房子Colonel（陆军上校） Pyncheon takes the land of Matthew Maule and builds a house on the land-is haunted by ghost-his offspring （后代）wither and die out “God will give him blood to drink” 霍桑在探讨罪恶时，不是宣扬加尔文教义，而是抨击了它对人性的摧残，是要使人正视罪的存在，并把人从泯灭人性的罪恶感中解脱出来。,加尔文主义（Calvinism),加尔文主义即是新教神学家加尔文毕生的许多主张的统称，在不同的讨论中有不同的意义。在现代的神学论述习惯当中，加尔文主义的意思是指“救赎预定论”跟“救恩独作说”。 加尔文支持马丁路德的“因信称义说”，主张人类不能透过正义的行为获得救赎、恢复逐渐被天主教所遗弃的奥古斯丁学说“救恩独作说”、反对逐渐成为天主教神学主流的“神人合作说”，因此加尔文建立的教会命名为“归正宗”。,back,10,(3) Evil educates.,Achievement is “under the impact of and by engagement with evil” 经历过犯罪，受到其影响，人们才能有所成就 Man is better for the crime which brings about the fall. 人在犯罪后才能更好的完善自己,(4) He has disgust in science. One source of evil is overweening 自负的(too proud of oneself) intellect.,His intellectual characters are villains, dreadful and cold-blooded. E.g. Roger Chillingworth in The Scarlet Letter,“There is no good on earth; and sin is but a name. come, devil! for to thee is this world given” -Young Goodman Brown 如果我是为了不可告人的罪恶而隐藏自己的面孔，那么请问，难道有什么人可以不这样做呢？” - The Ministers Black Veil,Hawthornes Major Works,Two collections of short stories: Twice-told Tales 故事重述,1837 + Mosses from an Old Manse 古宅青苔, 1843 The Scarlet Letter 红字,1850,His masterpiece, which established him as the Leading American native novelist of the 19th century,Hawthornes Major Works,The House of the Seven Gables,七个尖角阁的房子,1851 The Blithedale Romance 福谷传奇,1852 The Marble Faun 大理石雕像, 1860 Short stories:,Young Goodman Brown 好小伙儿布朗 The Ministers Black Veil 教长的面纱 The Birth mark胎痣,Thematic Concerns : 1. Morality The Scarlet Letter deals with mans moral growth and degeneration “Young Goodman Brown” wants to prove that everyone possesses some evil secrets in his heart.,16,2. Dark View of Human Nature: Evil as well as good impulses were native to every human heart and must be combated afresh by every man and woman in every generation. One had to work and strive against temptation in order to win salvation. There could be no magic carriage which would enable one to reach heaven without toil or trouble. It is only through evil that maturity and tragic grandeur are possible to man. - A Dialectical View,17,3. Sin and Its Effects the moral, emotional and psychological effect generated by sins on the people in general and those complicated in it in particular,Hawthornes aesthetic ideas,1) he took a great interest in history and antiquity(古物）. To him these furnish （提供）the soil on which his mind grows to fruition. Trying to connect a bygone time with the very present, he makes the dream strange things look like truth.,Hawthornes Aesthetic Ideas,2) he was convinced that romance(传奇） was the best form to describe America The poverty of materials+the avoidance of offending the puritan taste romances rather than novels to tell the truth and satirize and yet not the offend,20,Style typical romantic writer,a man of literary craftsmanship，extraordinary in,the use of symbol,the use of ambiguity,revelation of characters psychology,the use of supernatural,The symbol serves as a weapon to attack reality. It can be found everywhere in his writing,to keep the reader in the world of uncertainty multiple point of view,Features of his works,setting themes Idea Feature technique,Puritan New England Evil & sin “black vision” toward human beings Ambiguity（意义含糊） symbolism,The Scarlet Letter红字,The Scarlet Letter that is notable for its allegory and symbolism is regarded as the first symbolic novel in American literature.,The Scarlet Letter红字,Setting (time ): middle of the seventeenth century Setting (place ). Boston, Massachusetts Protagonist : Hester Prynne Major conflicts : Hester Vs. her community（社区）; Chillingworth Vs. Dimmesdale; Dimmesdales inner conflict.,Theme of The Scarlet Letter,To escape the bondage of religion either on peoples spirit or on peoples natural desire. The theme of the story should be the moral, emotional and psychological effects or consequences of the sin on people.,Symbols in the novel,The scaffold（绞刑台） : a Symbol of penitence（赎罪） and Gods platform on the Day of Judgement Prison : a symbol of isolation（隔离） and alienation（异化，疏远） The Rose Bush : a constant reminder of salvation and hope to all the prisoners. The Forest : her inability to find happiness or warmth; hope Color: dark-her dull, gloomy life Bright color-the childs free spirit Stream : the symbol of line between evil and pure.,The Symbolic Meaning of the Four Major Characters,Hester - beauty “The young woman was tall, with a figure of perfect elegance, ” - strong will and endurance “I will not speak. It is too deeply branded. Ye cannot take it off. And would that I might endure his agony,as well as mine!” - kindness,Arthur Dimmesdale - Arthur Dimmesdale AD Adultery - weak and coward Roger Chillingworth - “chill” cool - heartless and merciless - his misshapen body reflects or symbolizes the evil in his soul, which builds as the novel progresses.,Pearl - She is the scarlet letter in another form, the scarlet letter endowed with life; - She is the symbol of the ardent(热烈的)love; - She serves as moral in the novel; - She symbolizes the revolt agains