传感器新技术的发展外文资料翻译0.doc

developmentofsensornewtechnologysensor is one kind component which can transform the physical quantity, chemistry quantity and the biomass into electrical signal. the output signal has the different forms like the voltage, the electric current, the frequency, the pulse and so on, which can satisfy the signal transmission, processing, recording, and demonstration and control demands. so it is the automatic detection system and in the automatic control industry .if automatic technology is used wider, then sensor is more important. in information age, the information industry includes information gathering, transmission, process three parts, namely sensor technology, communication, computer technology. because of ultra large scale integrated circuits rapid development after having been developed modern computer technology and communication, not only requests sensor precision reliability, speed of response and gain information content request more and more high but also requests its cost to be inexpensive. the obvious traditional sensor is eliminated gradually because of the function, the characteristic, the volume, the cost and so on. as world develop many countries are speeding up to the sensor new technologys research and the development, and all has obtained the enormous breakthrough. now the sensor new technology development mainly has following several aspects:using the physical phenomenon, the chemical reaction, the biological effect as the sensor principle therefore the researches which discovered the new phenomenon and the new effect are the sensor technological improving ways .it is important studies to developed new sensors the foundation. japanese sharp corporation uses the superconductivity technology to develop successfully the high temperature superconductivity magnetic sensor and get the sensor technology significant breakthrough. its sensitivity is so high and only inferior in the superconductivity quantum interference component. its manufacture craft is far simpler than the superconductivity quantum interference component. may use in magnetism image formation technology. so it has the widespread promoted value.using the immune body and the antigen meets one another compound when the electrode surface. it can cause the electrode potential change and use this phenomenon to be possible to generate the immunity sensor. the immunity sensor makes with this kind of immune body may to some organism in whether has this kind of ant original work inspection. like may inspect somebody with the hepatitis virus immune body whether contracts the hepatitis, plays to is fast, the accurate role. the us uc sixth branch has developed this kind of sensor.the sensor material is the important foundation for sensor technology, because the materials science is progressive and the people may make each kind of new sensor for example making the temperature sensor with the high polymer thin film; the optical fiber can make the pressure, the current capacity, the temperature, the displacement and so on the many kinds of sensors; making the pressure transmitter with the ceramics. the high polymer can become the proportion adsorption and the release hydrogen along with the environment relative humidity size. the high polymer electricity lies between the constant to be small, the hydrogen can enhance the polymer the coefficient of dialectical loss. making the capacitor the high polymer dielectric medium, determines the electric capacity cape city the change, then obtains the relative humidity. making the plasma using this principle to gather the legitimate polystyrene film temperature sensor below, it has the characteristic.measured the wet scope is wide; the temperature range is wide, may reach -400 +1,500 ; the speed of response is quick, is smaller than 1s; the size is small, may use in the small space measuring wet; the temperature coefficient is small.the ceramic electric capacity type pressure transmitter is one kind does not have the intermediary fluid the dry type pressure transmitter. uses the advanced ceramic technology, the heavy film electronic technology, its technical performance is stable, the year drifting quantity is smaller than 0.1%f.s, warm floats is smaller than 0.15%/10k, anti- overloads strongly, may reach the measuring range several hundred times. the survey scope may from 0 to 60mpa.german e+h corporation and the american kahlo corporation product is at the leading position.the optical fiber application is send the material significant breakthrough, its uses in most early the optical communication techniques. in the optical communication use discovered works as environmental condition change and so on the temperature, pres-sure, electric field, magnetic field, causes the fiber optic transmission light wave intensity, the phase, the frequency, change and so on the polarization condition, the survey light wave quantity change, may know causes these light wave physical quantity the and so on quantitative change temperature, pressure ,electric field, magnetic field size, uses these principles to be possible to develop the optical fiber sensor. the optical fiber sensor and the traditional sensor compare has many characteristics: sensitivity high, the structure simple, the volume small, anti-corrosive, the electric insulation good, the path of rays may be curving, be advantageous for the realization telemeter and so on. optical fiber sensor japan is in the advanced level. like idec izumi corporation and sun x corporation. the optical fiber send receiver and the integrated path of rays technology unify, accelerates the optical fiber sensor technology development. will integrate the path of rays component to replace the original optics part and the passive light component; enable the optical fiber sensor to have the high band width, the low signal processing voltage, the reliability high, the cost will be low.in semiconductor technology processing method oxygenation, the photo etc hang, the proliferation, the deposition, the plane electron craft, various guides corrosion and steams plates, the sputtering thin film and so on, these have all introduced to the sensor manufacture. thus has produced each kind of new sensor, like makes the silicon micro sensor using the semiconductor technology, makes the fast response using the thin film craft the gas to be sensitive, the wet sensitive sensor, the use sputtering thin film craft system pressure transmitter and so on.the japanese horizontal river company uses various guides corrosion technology to carry on the high accuracy three dimensional processing; the system helps the silicon resonance type pressure transmitter. the core partially presses two resonant liang by the feeling which above the silicon diaphragm and the silicon diaphragm manufactures to form, two resonant liangs frequency difference correspondence different pressure, measures the pressure with the frequency difference method, may eliminate the error which factor and so on ambient temperature brings. when ambient temperature change, two resonant liang frequencies and the amplitude variation are same, after two frequency differences, its same change quantity can counterbalance mutually. its survey most high accuracy may reach 0.01%fs.american silicon microstructure inc.(smi) the company develops a series of low ends, linear in 0.1% to 0.in 65% scope silicon micro pressure transmitter, the lowest full measuring range is 0.15psi (1kpa), it makes take the silicon as the material, has the unique three dimensional structure, the light slight machine-finishing, makes the wheat stone bridge many times with the etching on the silicon diaphragm, when above silicon chip stress, it has the distortion, the resistance produces presses the anti- effect but to lose the bridge balance, the output and the pressure becomes the proportion the electrical signal.such silicon micro sensor is the front technology which now the sensor develops, its essential feature is the sensitive unit volume is a micron magnitude, is the traditional sensor several dozens, several 1%. in aspect and so on industry control, aerospace domain, biomedicine has the vital role, like on the airplane the use may reduce the airplane weight, reduces the energy. another characteristic is can be sensitive is small surveyed, may make the blood pressure pressure transmitter.the chinese aviation main corporation beijing observation and control technical research institute, the development cyj series splashes thanks the membrane pressure transmitter is uses the ion sputtering craft to process the metal strain gauge, it has over come the nonmetallic strain gauge easily the temperature influence insufficiency, has the high stability, is suitable in each kind of situation, is measured the medium scope widely, but also overcame the tradition lowly to glue the precision which the type brought, sluggish big, shortcoming and so on slow change, had the precision high, the re-liability is high, the volume small characteristic, widely used in domain and so on aviation, petroleum, chemical industry, medical service.integrates the sensor the superiority is the traditional sensor is unable to achieve, it is a simple sensor not merely, it in at the same time the auxiliary circuit part and send the part will integrate on together the chip, will cause it to have the calibration, to compensate, from the diagnosis and the network correspondence function, it might reduce the cost, the gain in yield, this kind of blood pressure sensor which american lucas, novasensor corporation will develop, each week will be able to produce 10,000.the intellectualized sensor is one kind of belt microprocessor sensor, is achievement which the microcomputer and the sensor unifies, it has at the same time the examination, the judgment and the information processing function, compares with the traditional sensor has very many characteristics:has the judgment and the information processing function, can carry on the revision, the error to the observed value compensates, thus enhancement measuring accuracy; may realize the multi-sensor multi parameters survey; has from the diagnosis and from the calibration function, enhances the reliability; the survey data may deposit and withdraw, easy to operate; has the data communication interface, can and the microcomputer direct communication.the sensor, the signal adjustment electric circuit, the monolithic integrated circuit integration forms ultra large-scale integrated on a chip the senior intelligence sensor. american hony well corporation st-3000 intelligence sensor, the chip size only then has 342mm3, uses the semiconductor craft, makes cpu, eprom, the static pressure, the differential pressure, the temperature on the identical chip and so on three kind of sensitive units.the intellectualized sensor research and the development, us is at the leading position. american space agency when development spaceship called this kind of sensor for the clever sensor (smart sensor), on the spaceship this kind of sensor is extremely important. our country in this aspect research and development also very backward mainly is because our country semiconductor integrated circuit technological level is limited.the sensors development is changing day after day since especially the 80s humanities have entered into the high industrialization the information age, sensor techno-logy to renewal, higher technological development. us, japan and so on developed country sensor technological development quickest, our country because the foundation is weak, the sensor technology compares with these developed countries has the big disparity. therefore, we should enlarge to the sensor engineering research, the development investment, causes our country sensor technology and the foreign disparity reduces, promotes our country instrument measuring appliance industry and from the technical development.传感器新技术的发展传感器是一种能将物理量、化学量、生物量等转换成电信号的器件。输出信号有不同形式，如电压、电流、频率、脉冲等，能满足信息传输、处理、记录、显示、控制要求，是自动检测系统和自动控制系统中不可缺少的元件。如果把计算机比作大脑，那么传感器则相当于五官，传感器能正确感受被测量并转换成相应输出量，对系统的质量起决定性作用。自动化程度越高，系统对传感器要求越高。在今天的信息时代里，信息产业包括信息采集、传输、处理三部分，即传感技术、通信技术、计算机技术。现代的计算机技术和通信技术由于超大规模集成电路的飞速发展，而已经充分发达后，不仅对传感器的精度、可靠性、响应速度、获取的信息量要求越来越高，还要求其成本低廉且使用方便。显然传统传感器因功能、特性、体积、成本等已难以满足而逐渐被淘汰。世界许多发达国家都在加快对传感器新技术的研究与开发，并且都已取得极大的突破。如今传感器新技术的发展，主要有以下几个方面：利用物理现象、化学反应、生物效应作为传感器原理，所以研究发现新现象与新效应是传感器技术发展的重要工作，是研究开发新型传感器的基础。日本夏普公司利用超导技术研制成功高温超导磁性传感器，是传感器技术的重大突破，其灵敏度高，仅次于超导量子干涉器件。它的制造工艺远比超导量子干涉器件简单。可用于磁成像技术，有广泛推广价值。利用抗体和抗原在电极表面上相遇复合时，会引起电极电位的变化，利用这一现象可制出免疫传感器。用这种抗体制成的免疫传感器可对某生物体内是否有这种抗原作检查。如用肝炎病毒抗体可检查某人是否患有肝炎，起到快速、准确作用。美国加州大学巳研制出这类传感器。传感器材料是传感器技术的重要基础，由于材料科学进步，人们可制造出各种新型传感器。例如用高分子聚合物薄膜制成温度传感器；光导纤维能制成压力、流量、温度、位移等多种传感器；用陶瓷制成压力传感器。高分子聚合物能随周围环境的相对湿度大小成比例地吸附和释放水分子。高分子电介常数小，水分子能提高聚合物的介电常数。将高分子电介质做成电容器，测定电容容量的变化，即可得出相对湿度。利用这个原理制成等离子聚合法聚苯乙烯薄膜温度传感器，其有以下特点：测湿范围宽；温度范围宽，可达-400+1500；响应速度快，小于1s；尺寸小，可用于小空间测湿；温度系数小。陶瓷电容式压力传感器是一种无中介液的干式压力传感器。采用先进的陶瓷技术，厚膜电子技术，其技术性能稳定，年漂移量小于0.1%f.s,温漂小于0.15%/10k,抗过载强,可达量程的数百倍。测量范围可从0到60mpa。德国e+h公司和美国kahlo公司产品处于领先地位。光导纤维的应用是传感材料的重大突破，其最早用于光通信技术。在光通信利用中发现当温度、压力、电场、磁场等环境条件变化时，引起光纤传输的光波强度、相位、频率、偏振态等变化，测量光波量的变化，就可知道导致这些光波量变化的温度、压力、电场、磁场等物理量的大小，利用这些原理可研制出光导纤维传感器。光纤传感器与传统传感器相比有许多特点：灵敏度高，结构简单、体积小、耐腐蚀、电绝缘性好、光路可弯曲、便于实现遥测等。光纤传感器日本处于先进水平。如idecizumi公司和suns公司。光纤传感受器与集成光路技术相结合，加速光纤传感器技术的发展。将集成光路器件代替原有光学元件和无源光器件，使光纤传感器有高的带宽、低的