次集体备课：动词的八大时态与语态.ppt

动词的八大时态和语 态,What is verb？,T: Is Kiss a noun or a verb?？ S: Its conjunction。Because when kiss happened, they must be mouth to mouth.,1. Which words are verbs? 2. How many kinds of verbs are there? 3. Do you know anything about the verb tenses?,行为动词 Action Verbs,系 动 词 Link Verbs,助 动 词 Auxiliary Verbs,情态动词 Modal Verbs,含有实在的意义，表示动作或状态，在句中能独立作谓语。put, run,本身有一定的词义，但不能独立作谓语，必须与表语一起构成谓语。be look get，feel，,本身没有词义，不能独立作谓语，只能和主要动词一起构成谓语动词，表示否定、疑问、时态或其他语法形式.,本身有一动的意义，但不能独立作谓语，只能和主要动词一起构成谓语动词，表示说话人的语气和情态。情态动词没有人称和数的变化。,She has some bananas. They eat a lot of potatoes.,His father is a teacher. Twins usually look the same.,He doesnt speak English. We are playing basketball. Do you have a brother? She had been to America.,You can keep them for two weeks. May I smoke here?,Review：动词种类,分类：,考向一：一般体,考点1：一般现在时的用法 表示现状、性质、状态、经常发生的或习惯性的动作，且常与usually, always, every day, twice a week, seldom, sometimes 等频度副词连用。 eg. John sometimes sits up very late. I eat breakfast every day. (注意：第三人称单数的变形),考向一：一般体,考点1：一般现在时的用法 表示客观事实或普遍现象。 eg. The sun rises in the east. Knowledge is power. 主将从现：即如果主句是一般将来时，那么时间，条件等状语从句中用一般现在时表示将来。 eg. If it rains tomorrow, I wont go there. (注意：第三人称单数的变形),1. He, She, It He likes watching TV. 2.单数可数名词，this, that, the+单数可数名词 3. 单个人名，地名，称呼作主语时 4. 不可数名词作主语 Water is pure. 5. 数字或字母作主语时 6 is a lucky number . 6. someone, somebody, nobody, everything, something 等不定代词作主语时 Everyone is here. 2)This book is yours. 3)Beijing is in China .,注意：第三人称单数(哪些主语是“三单 ”),对应训练4题：,1. My parents_in HongKong. they were born there and have never lived anywhere else. A.live B. lived C. were living D. will live 2. Water _at 100. In such hot weather, it wont take much time to boil water. A. boils B. is boiled C.will boil D.is boiling,A,A,对应训练：,3. -Youd better keep quiet in class. -Sometimes I _. Yesterday, I was as quiet as a mouse during my English class. A.would B. do C. did D. was 4.We_(have) dinner at six oclock when JSTV _(start) to show the film If You Are Not the One.,B,will be having,starts,考点2：一般过去时(往往暗示现在“已不再这样),表示过去经常性、习惯性的动作或表示在过去某个时候发生的动作或状态。 She went to the cinema last night with her boyfriend. When I was in the countryside, I often called on my old friends there.,考点2：一般过去时(往往暗示现在“已不再这样),表示事先不知道或不记得，但现在已知道或记得的事情。 Sorry, I didnt know you were here.,注；背诵不规则动词过去式和过去分词表 teach taught taught , see saw see leave left left , make made made tell told told , talk talked talked think thought thought,考点3：一般将来时, “will do“ 表从现在来看以后要发生的动作或存在的状态，指事物的固有属性或必然趋势。 Fish will die without water. “be going to do“表示打算或计划要做某事；还表说话人根据已有的事实或迹象 ，对未来进行推断。 They are going to meet outside the school gate.,考点3：一般将来时, “be about to do“ 表“即将.“,因此不与表示时间副词或时间状语连用。 The English evening is about to start. “be to do“表示按计划、安排即将发生的动作；还可表示“吩咐、命令、禁止等。 Theres to be a slide show this afternoon. You are to hand in your papers by 10 oclock.,考点3：一般将来时, 有些动词如：go, come, begin, leave, arrive, return, take等，其一般现在时、现在进行时都可以表按计划或安排将要发生的动作或状态。 Im leaving for Tibet on Sunday.,对应训练6题：,1. -Ann is in hospital -Oh, really? I _(not) know. I _ (go) and visit her. 2. -The telephone is ringing. -I_(answer) it. 3. The sky is clouding over; we can see there _ (be) a rainstorm. 4. Its really time I went home but Im enjoying myself, so I_(stay) here a bit longer.,didnt,will go,will answer,is going to be,am staying,对应训练6题：,5. On the stage in a theatre, where a consert _(hold) , some young people were busily setting the musical instruments. 6. -What did you do last Sunday, Peter? -Well, I_(go) to see a friend of mine, but in the end I stayed at home doing nothing.,was to be held,was going,考向二：进行体,考点1：现在进行时的用法 表示此时此刻正在进行的动作或现阶段正在进行的动作，由“be V-ing“构成。 What are you doing? Im doing/ He is doing. 表示按计划安排即将发生的动作 She is leaving for.tomorrow.,考向二：进行体,考点1：现在进行时的用法 与always,forever,constantly, continually 等词连用表示赞赏，厌恶等感情色彩。 He is always helping others. 用进行时表示渐变过程 The food is getting cold.,对应训练4题：,1.-John, what_you_(hold) in your hand? -Look! Its a birthday gift for my grandma. 2. -Tom, lets go and see if the football match has started -Started? It has nearly got to the end. It must be clear who_(win) by now. 3. -_Mr Brown_this week? (work) -No. He is on holiday. 4.How can I ever consentrate if you_ continually _ me with silly questions? (interrupt),are holding,is winning,考向二：进行体,考点2：过去进行时的用法 表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间内正在进行的动作，由“was/were V-ing“构成。 She was watching TV at six yesterday? 表示动作在另一过去动作发生时进行 He was reading a novel when I came in.,考向二：进行体,考点2：过去进行时的用法 表示过去计划好或安排好的将来动作(只限于come, go, leave, move, arrive, start, sail, travel, fly等) He said she was arriving the next day.,对应训练4题：,1.-Have you finished reading Jane Eyre? -No! I _(do)my homework all day yesterday. 2. -Mum, you should have taken me to the park this morning. -I had planned to, but I couldnt afford the time. I _(give) a lecture.,was doing,was giving,3. -Hi, Susan, where were you at lunch time? I_(save) a seat for you in the coffee shop. -Oh, sorry to miss you. My political science class ran longer than usual. 4. -I missed Jackies party last night because my car broke down. -Pity! You could have borrowed mine. I_(not use)it.,was saving,wasnt using,考向三：完成体,考点1：现在完成时 1. 表示过去发生的动作对现在产生的影响或结果，或说话时已完成的动作。常用的状语有：already, just, yet, never, before等。 I have already posted the photos. 2. 表示从过去开始的动作或状态一直持续到现在，往往和for, since, up to now, recently, so far等表一段时间的状语连用。 They have worked here since they left college.,考向三：完成体,3. It/This is the first/second time that(从句)。 This/It is the first time I have been here. 4. 用在状语从句中表将来某时以前完成的动作。 When you have learned English, you will find it a bridge to so much knowledge.,对应训练5题：,1. This is the first time we _(see) a film in the cinema together as a family. 2. Excuse me, I wonder if you can help. I _ (lose)my ID card. -But where did you lose it? 3. Do you know our city of Xian at all? -No, not at all. You see, this is the first time I_ (come) here.,have seen,have lost,have come,4. Years ago we didnt know this, but recent science _ (show) that woman who drink more than two cups of coffee every day are more likely to have heart disease than those who dont. 5. By the time he realizes he _ (walk) into a trap, itll be too late for him to do anything about it.,has shown,has walked,考向三：完成体,考点2：过去完成时 1. 表示过去某一动作以前已经发生或完成了的动作(过去的过去)。时间状语用by, before等构成的短语，也可用时间状语或通过上下文的语境表示。 He said that he had been abroad for 3 years.,2. 表动作在过去某一时间之前开始，一直延续到过去的这一时间，而且还可能延续下去，常用时间状语有：by then, by the end of, by the time, until, before等。 Until then he had known nothing about it yet. 3. 用在It was the first/ secondtime that This was the first time that they had met in 39 years.,4. It was 一段时间 since It was ten years since we had had such a wonderful time. 5. 表愿望或打算一类的词，如intend, mean, hope, want, plan, suppose, expect, think等，其过去完成时表过去未曾实现的意图或希望等，含有某种惋惜。 I had intended to call you yesterday, but I had an unexpected visitor.,6. 用在表“刚一就”句型中。 Hardly / Scarcely/ Barely had 主语 V-ed when did No sooner had 主语 V-ed thandid. Hardly had she gone to bed when the bell rang.,对应训练7题：,1. Were you surprised by the ending of the film? -No. I _(read) the book , so I already knew the story. 2. Suddenly everyone stopped talking, it became clear that something unexpected _(happen). But for a while, I didnt know what it was.,had read,had happened,3. Hurry up! Alice and Sue are waiting for you at the school gate. -Oh! I thought they _(go) without me. 4. John, a friend of mine, who got married only last week, spent $3,ooo more than he _(plan) for the wedding. 5. The young girl sitting next to me on the plane was very nervous. She _ (flow) before.,had gone,had planned,hadnt flown,6. No soon _the news than they rushed out into the street. A. they heard B. they had heard C. did they hear D. had they heard 7. It was the third time that he _the same mistake. A. has made B. had made C. makes D. made,D,B,考向四：完成进行体,现在完成进行时 表示一个动作开始于过去，一直持续到现在，并有可能延续下去。完成进行体是完成体和进行体的结合。它具有未完成性、短暂性、感情色彩等特点。 We have been discussing the matter several times this years. They have been living here for ten years.,对应训练4题：,1. The manager_(tell)the workers how to improve the program since 9am. 2. I wonder if John has forgotten my number. I _(expect) him to call me for the past two hours. 3. I havent seen Mary these past few days. Im afraid she _(feel) herself for some time. 4.Hi, Tracy, you looked tired. -I am tired. I _(paint)the living room all day.,has been telling,have been expecting,hasnt been feeling,have been painting,主动语态变被动语态,主动语态变被动语态：三变三不变 三变： 原句宾语变主语 原句主语变成by短语 原句谓语动词由主动变被动,三不变：时态不变 句意不变 除主谓宾以外的成分不变,主动语态变被动语态,考向五：主动语态和被动语态,1. 不知道谁是动作的执行者，或没必要指出谁是动作的执行者 This jacket is made from cotton. 2. 为了强调或突出动作的承受者事件本身 Visitors are requested not to touch the exhibits. 3. 在文章标题、广告、新闻中 Girls wanted. 招女工 4. get+v-ed 可表被动,对应训练5题：,1. Why does the lake smell terrible? -Because large quantities of water _ (pollute) 2. Where can we get your new science fiction? -Im sorry. It _(print) and will come out next week. 3. He _(regard) as a national hero for winning the first gold medal for his country in the Olympics.,have been polluted,is been printed,was regarded,4. This Monday morning I was informed I _(cho