《大学英语四级辅导》PPT课件.ppt

大学英语四级辅导,姬银萍,阅读技巧,快速阅读 选词填空 篇章阅读理解,快速阅读 5类定位信息,1. 题目顺序与文章顺序基本一致 如果最后一题是主旨题，答案也可能出现在文章的第一段 2. 文章首尾及各段首尾 文章首尾一般为主旨 各段首尾为该段主要内容的概括 3. 年代、数字（小数、百分比）、数量词 4. 人名、地名等专有名词（以大写字母开头） 5. 标点符号 （尤其是破折号、小括号、冒号等 ）,考查形式之选择题,选项中干扰项设置的3种方法： 1. 干扰项原文未提及 2. 干扰项与题干不相关 例如：2007-12 第3题 3. In the United States, how many of the newly hired professors in science and engineering are foreign-born? A) 38%. B) 10%. C) 30%. D) 20%.,【解析】题干问的是美国大学最新受聘的科学和工程学教 授在外国出生的比例，答案为D。还可以在原文中看到 38%、10%和30%这几个比例，但他们与题干不相关。,2007-12,Of the forces shaping higher education none is more sweeping than the movement across borders. Over the past three decades the number of students leaving home each year to study abroad has grown at an annual rate of 3.9 percent, from 800,000 in 1975 to 2.5 million in 2004.2 Most travel from one developed nation to another, but the flow from developing to developed countries is growing rapidly. The reverse flow, from developed to developing countries, is on the rise, too. Today foreign students earn 30 percent of the doctoral degrees awarded in the United States and 38 percent of those in the United Kingdom. And the number crossing borders for undergraduate study is growing as well, to 8 percent of the undergraduates at Americas best institutions and 10 percent of all undergraduates in the U.K. In the United States, 20 percent of the newly hired professors in science and engineering are foreign-born,3 and in China many newly hired faculty members at the top research universities received their graduate education abroad.,考查形式之选择题,3. 干扰项与题干不匹配 例如：2007-12 第2题 2. Over the past three decades, the enrollment of overseas students has increased . A) at an annual rate of 8 percent B) at an annual rate of 3.9 percent C) by 800,000 D) by 2.5 million,【解析】C、D两项与题干相关，但increase与by连用时， 表示的是增长的幅度而不是具体的数量，答案为B。,从2007年12月的四级快速阅读可以看出，文章题目的分布 一般为每段一题，最多两题。,2007-06 第8题,4. Establish and email address for your search. Using an email address specifically for you job search also eliminates the possibility that you will receive unwelcome emails in your primary mailbox. When naming your new email address, be sure that it doesnt contain references to your name or other information that will give away your identity. The best solution is an email address that is relevant to the job you are seeking such as .,考查形式之句子填空题,1. 词汇层面的转换：题干对原文部分词语的转换。 例如：2007-06 第8题 8. Using a special email address in the job search can help prevent your from receiving _.,【解析】根据题干信息词a special email address定位 到原文，题干将原文中的eliminates the possibility that you will receive unwelcome emails转换成了can help prevent your from receiving _ ，故答案为 unwelcome emails.,2007-12 第8题,In the wake of September 11, changes in the visa process caused a dramatic decline in the number of foreign students seeking admission to U.S. universities, and a corresponding surge in enrollments in Australia, Singapore and the U.K. Objections from American university and business leaders led to improvements in the process and a reversal of the decline, but the United States is still seen by many as unwelcoming to international students.,考查形式之句子填空题,2. 句子层面的转换：题干对原文中的某一句话进行句法上的转化，如将主动语态转换成被动语态等。 例如：2007-12 第8题 8. The dramatic decline in the enrollment of foreign students in the U.S. after September 11 was caused by .,【解析】题干将原文的主动语态转换成了被动语态，答案 为changes in the visa process。,2008-06 第9题,A final advertising medium is direct mail, which uses mailings to consumers to communicate a clients message. Direct mail includes newsletters, postcards and special promotions. Direct mail is an effective way to build relationships with consumers. For many businesses, direct mail is the most effective form of advertising.,考查形式之句子填空题,3. 相邻、相关两句的综合：题干往往将相邻的两句话整合成一句话，做题时一旦找到信息词，要留意信息词所在句的前后句子。 例如：2008-06 第9题 9. Direct mail is an effective form of advertising for businesses to develop .,【解析】题干是相邻两句话的综合。题干信息词Direct mail is an 对应文章倒数第二句话，effective form of advertising for businesses 对应文章最后一句，故答案为 relationships with consumers。,快速阅读 解题步骤与技巧,第一步，看题干，划出关键信息词，尤其是名词。 一般只看题干不看选项，如果出现“数字、人名、地名”之类的信息，要采用“题干选项联合定位”。,第二步，找到并划出关键信息词所对应的原文。,第三步，回到题目、选项去对比，细看题干中的关键信 息词并关注相邻句子。（注意“相邻原则”和“动词陷阱”） 相邻句子：原文中“名词关键词”区域的前后句。,第四步，写句子填空题仍采用关键词定位法。 注意动词同义替换、语序及关键词所在句前后相邻句。,相邻原则,Most politicians recognize the link between investment in science and national economic strength, but support for research funding has been unsteady. The budget of the National Institutes of Health doubled between 1998 and 2003, but has risen more slowly than inflation since then. Support for the physical sciences and engineering barely kept pace with inflation during that same period. The attempt to make up lost ground is welcome, but the nation would be better served by steady, predictable increases in science funding at the rate of long-term GDP growth, which is on the order of inflation plus 3 percent per year.,相邻原则,7. What is said about the U.S. federal funding for research? A) It has increased by 3 percent. B) It doubled between 1998 and 2003. C) It has been unsteady for years. D) It has been more than sufficient.,【解析】注意划下划线的地方都是强干扰项，只要能掌握关 键信息词（名词）的“相邻原则”，那么这些干扰项对你构 成不了威胁。,动词陷阱,Yale and Harvard have led the way, offering every undergraduate at least one international study or internship opportunityand providing the financial resources to make it possible. 4. How do Yale and Harvard prepare their undergraduates for global careers? A) They give them chances for international study or internship. B) They arrange for them to participate in the Erasmus program. C) They offer them various courses in international politics. D) They organize a series of seminars on world economy.,【解析】首先在题干中找出关键性的定位名词“Yale and Harvard”，然后 到原文中去定位，这道题难点就是选项C中的动词“offer”带给你的干扰， 因为原文中可以看到“offering”。为防止上当，一定要用名词验证。,2007-12 选词填空,例如：2007-12 第55题 The World Centers of Compassion for Children International call attention to childrens rights and how to help the of war.,【解析】空格前为定冠词the，空格后为为介词of，因此空格处应为名词， 作动词 help的宾语。名词分类同47题，call attention to为固定搭配，意为 “唤起注意”。结合本句句意“国际儿童中心呼吁重视儿童的权利和帮助 战争中的 的方式”，只有 victims(受害者)符合，故答案为A。,选词填空 5类词性考查之名词,词汇考查主要是名词、动词、形容词和副词等实词上，其中形容词原级、谓语动词及名词单数形式的考查为重。 名词最典型的标志是 名词在句子中通常作 例如：200712 第47题 In Afghanistan, Bosnia, and Colombia, however, groups of children have been taking part in peace education .,主语（主句/从句主语）、定语或宾语（动 宾/介宾）,它前面的冠词或形容词，或前面为及物动词,【解析】空格前为名词education，空格处应为名词，和peace education一 起作介词in的宾语。选项中名词有victims(受害人)，technology(科技)， role(角色)，projects(方案)，offers(出价)，information(信息), image(形象), forward(前锋)，acting(为动名词)。结合句意“成群的孩子们参与和平教 育 ”，只有projects(计划，方案)符合，故答案为E。,5类词性考查之动词,The classroom opportunities for children to replace angry, violent behaviors with cooperative, peaceful ones. But Ill accept anxiety as another name for challenge and I believe I can wonders. In particular, when older patients of pain, they were told it was a natural part of aging and they would have to learn to live with it.,如果空格处所在句缺少谓语，就应该选动词。,确定动词后，再通过语境确定动词的具体形式(原形、三单、 过去式、现在分词、过去分词),在句中作谓语，或以分词形式出现作伴随状语。,5类词性考查之 动词的现在分词和过去分词,1. 动词的现在分词 Groups of children as peacemakers studied human rights and poverty issues in Colombia, eventually forming a group with five other schools in Bogot known as The Schools of Peace., 用作形容词，在句中作表语、定语或状语；, 作伴随状语。, 用于进行时态，与be动词构成进行时；,【解析】该空格前为名词children，空格后为介词as，且此 句中有谓语动词studied，因此空格处应为现在分词，在句 中作伴随状语。,5类词性考查之 动词的现在分词和过去分词,2. 动词的过去分词, 用于被动语态；, 作形容词，在句中作表语、定语或状语；, 用于完成时态，当空格前出现has, have和had时；,【解析】该空格前是系动词was,，空格后为介词短语，因此空格处可能是 形容词或动词的过去分词。结合句意“我的外语知识 一点大学法 语”，应选limited，且be limited to为固定搭配，局限于。, 作伴随状语。,Moreover, my knowledge of foreign languages was to a little college French. （2008-06 第48题）,选项中符合条件的单词有advanced提前的，limited有限的，reduced减 少的，scary可怕的,5类词性考查之形容词,形容词前后常见的是be动词或系动词、副词、名词，可作为 判断形容词的标志；,当空格前为more或most时，也可作为形容词的判断标志；,在句中作表语，位于be动词或系动词之后，也可以作定语来 修饰名词；,【解析】该空格前为副词even，空格后为名词bookings，填入空格的应为 形容词。选项中符合条件的单词有advanced提前的，reduced减少的， scary可怕的，结合句意“没有导游，甚至没有 预约，我相信不管怎 样我都能应付”，可知所选单词意思应为“提前的”。,许多动词的现在分词和过去分词也可用作形容词。,I have never hesitated to head for even the most remote of places, without guides or even bookings, confident that somehow I will manage.（2008- 06 第53题）,5类词性考查之副词,副词也有比较级和最高级形式。,在句中作状语，修饰动词、形容词、副词，也可修饰整句话；,【解析】空格后为形容词unfamiliar，因此空格处应为副词。 结合句意“我犹豫了，不能说外语， 不熟悉当地地理和 交通，我怎么能访问和调查”，只有totally完全地符合。,I hesitated. How would I, unable to speak the language, unfamiliar with local geography or transportation systems, set up interviews and do research?（2008-06 第49题）,选项中符合条件的单词有constantly经常地、totally完全地,选词填空 解题步骤与技巧,第一步，看选项分词性。 根据词性，把单词按词性分成名词、动词、形容词、副词；,第二步，不读全文只读首尾，判断空格、紧抓相邻词，（实在拿不准要联系上下句），中文思维别抛弃。,有固定搭配的要迅速识别； 要用中文思维习惯去快速解题，比如出现了“ opportunities”，你想到了什么？,第三步，不一定按顺序做题，会的先突破，缩小范围再排查。,注意过去分词既可归类到动词还可归到形容词，现在分词既可归到动词，还可归到形容词或名词中。,第四步，复读全文，谨慎调整,检查上下文是否通顺，内在逻辑关系是否合理，如有问题，重新 调整。,选词填空 解题线索,1. 文中的逻辑关系连词，主要是“and”和“but”,2. 表示态度的形容词或副词,比如：吸烟有害，文中就会出现”impossible” “adverse” “unhealthy”这一