Unit-3-Young-William-Shakespeare年轻的莎士比亚.ppt

Unit 3 Young William Shakespeare,By Jennifer Bassett,Unit Overview,In this unit you will : Learn what is skimming reading and how to SKIM Read about William Shakespeares life Study text 1 of this unit Take a test in fast reading,Home reading of unit 2,Era(2): age/period Daring(3): dare to do sth/ bold Be urged to do(4): be asked to do Herd(4): 牧群 Graze(5): put sheep or cattle to eat grass 放牧 Ranger(6): a policeman on a horseback 骑警,cddcc, ddddb, da,Scout(6): 侦查员 Call on, approve of (9):号召，赞成 Outfit(13):provide with配备 Plunge over(18): come in suddenly On the hoof(25): (指牛)活的 Saddlebag(28):鞍囊，挂包 Dugout（28）:防空洞，独木舟,What was great about cowboys such as Goodnight and Loving? Clever Diligent Brave Give-up spirit,Reading skill,Speed Reading,Speed Techniques,How to SKIM,When to SKIM,What is Skimming,Reading Speed,Speed,2007,2008,2009,2010,150,300,600,800,Speed Reading Factors That Influence Reading Rate,A passage with very long sentences can make reading more difficult and will force you to read more slowly,Understanding becomes difficult or impossible and your reading rate is slow,Complicated ideas or a sophisticated line of reasoning,Text Factors,Sentence Length,Vocab-ulary,Ideas and Concept,Reader Factors,Vocab Level,Comprehension Ability,Background Knowledge,How many words do you determine to learn per day?,Core parts, topic, main idea and details,Schema.,To Learn,To Know,To Practice,Techniques for Speed Reading,Seeing more than one word in a single eye fixation.,It involves widening your eye span so that you can see several words in one fixation.,What is Phrase Reading,Phrase Reading,Phrase reading is a technique that builds fluency, aids comprehension, and improves oral reading.,Techniques for Speed Reading,To Read efficiently you should try to get rid of bad reading habits and get into good ones,Studying economics is difficult because it requires careful attention to facts and figures,Group words that naturally go together,How to Phrase Read,Group words together into meaningful units,Practice phrase reading persistently,You may find it takes several weeks of continued practice to develop the habit.,Read aloud please！,Actually, the common cold is not as simple as it seems. It can be caused by any of 200 different viruses, and it can bring misery in eight ways: sore throat, sneezing, runny nose watery eyes, aches and pains, mild fever, nasal congestion, and coughing.,Phrase Reading Example,Actually, the common cold is not as simple as it seems. It can be caused by any of 200 different viruses, and it can bring misery in eight ways: sore throat, sneezing, runny nose watery eyes, aches and pains, mild fever, nasal congestion, and coughing.,Key Word Reading,TV News Caption: Airline Hijacking Los Angeles 53 hostages. Four Hijackers. Identity and Purpose Unknown,.Key word reading involves skipping over nonessential words and reading only those words and phrases which carry the primary or core meaning of each sentence. Key word reading is similar to reading a telegram, the headline in a newspaper, or a news caption which is running across the bottom of a television screen while a program is in progress.,Key word reading is a new technique. Although it is faster than most of the careful reading techniques, the reader must expect a decrease in factual comprehension. In some situations, it is worth the loss, depending on the readers purpose and the type of material being read.,Key word reading is a new technique. Although it is faster than most of the careful reading techniques, the reader must expect a decrease in factual comprehension. In some situations, it is worth the loss, depending on the readers purpose and the type of material being read.,Using Sentence Structure,Using Grammatical Structure,Using Typographical （版式的、印刷的）Aids,How to locate key words,Rereading,Rereading established the mechanical process of more rapid eye movement and gives you preliminary practice or a “trial run” with reading at a higher reading rate.,1. Select an article read at your normal speed. Time yourself. 2.Take a break, then reread the material. Push yourself to read faster. Time yourself.,Skimming is the reading style used by flexible readers when their purpose is to quickly obtain a general idea about the reading material. The Skimming style is most useful when you have to read a large amount of material in a short amount of time. When using the Skimming style, you should identify the main ideas in each paragraph and ignore the details in supportive sentences. Because you are only looking for the main idea in each paragraph you read, a lower level of comprehension is to be expected than when using the Study Reading style.,When to Skim? scanning,According to the reading material, your reading speed, etc.,How to Skim,Rules: Eyes float down over the content for key words. Pay attention to direction words, too.,Steps: 1. read the title. 2. read the first paragraph completely. 3. Read subheadings and first sentences of remaining paragraphs. 4. Alternately read the body of the material. 5. If the final paragraph appears to be a summary, read it completely.,Demonstration of Skimming,Usually the first paragraph will be read at average speed all the way through. It often contains an introduction or overview of what will be talked about. Sometimes, however, the second paragraph contains the introduction or overview. In the first paragraph the author might just be “warming up” or saying sth clever to attract attention. Reading a third paragraph may be unnecessary but the main idea is usually contained in the opening sentence and topic sentence. Besides the first sentence the reader should get some but not all the detail from the rest of the paragraph, do not pay much attention to the names, dates. You only need to get know, do not spend much time on them. Hence sometimes the main idea is in the middle or at the end of the paragraph.,Some paragraphs merely repeat ideas. Occasionally the main idea cant be found in the opening sentence. The whole paragraph must then be read. Title! Then leave out a lot of the next paragraph to make up time. Remember to keep a very fast rate. Dont be afraid to leave out half or more of each paragraph. Dont get interested and start to read everything. Skimming practice makes it easier and can gain confidence. Perhaps you wont get anything at all from a few paragraphs but dont worry. Skimming has many uses esp. for reports, newspapers, text and exams. The ending paragraphs might be read more fully as often they contain a summary. Remember that the importance of skimming is to get only the authors main idea at a very fast speed.,About the author,Jennifer Bassett Jennifer Bassett gained an honorable degree in English and Latin from Exeter University and has worked in ELT since 1972 as a teacher, trainer, editor, and materials writer. Jennifer is the Series Editor of the Oxford Bookworms Library, for which she has written the original stories One-Way Ticket, The Presidents Murderer, The Phantom of the Opera, and William Shakespeare, along with many adaptations. She is series co-adviser, with H.G Widdowson, of the Oxford Bookworms Collection. Jennifer has also written original stories for the English Today Readers and Storylines series.,Shakespeare (4.26.1564-4.23.1616),William Shakespeare was an English poet and playwright, widely regarded as the greatest writer in the English language and the worlds pre-eminent dramatist. He is often called Englands national poet and the “Bard of Avon”. His surviving works, including some collaborations, consist of about 38 plays, 154 sonnets(十四行诗), two long narrative poems, and several other poems. His plays have been translated into every major living language and are performed more often than those of any other playwright.,I. Life,Very few authentic facts of S life 1564; Stratford-on-Avon 1571; Grammar school 1582; Anne Hathaway 1586(7); London 1612; Retired and Returned to Stratford 1616; Died,II. Works and Classification,He created 37 plays, 154 sonnets and 2 long poems. Classify: Time order ; Types,Time order,Three periods: the first: 1590-1600 the second: 1601-1608 the third: 1609-1612,Types of Literary Works,Long Poems 长诗 Sonnets 十四行诗 Histories 历史剧 Comedies 喜剧 Tragedies 悲剧 Romances 传奇剧,/wiki/Shakespeare,In the late 19th century, Edward Dowden classified four of the late comedies as romances, and though many scholars prefer to call them tragicomedies, his term is often used.,Main works,III. Significances,WS is the most popular and most widely respected writer in all English literature. More of the popular sayings we have come form Shakespeare than from any other source except from the Bible. His plays are still performed after all these years, and his poems are still read, despite the fact that the language has changed since his days, which makes problems for his readers.,WS, as a child of English Renaissance（文艺复兴）, best exemplifies the zeitgeist (时代精神)of his time. All the best features of the age find adequate expression in his works. These include the sense of individual worth, the feeling of freedom in thought and action, the ambition and the dynamic aggressiveness （侵略、进取）, the plentitude of talent and the excesses of energy, the pioneering spirit of adventure and the desire for accomplishment, the daring to conquer and to invent and innovate, the self-assurance, the vision, the insight and, on top of these all, the emotional abandon with which Renaissance inspires all its writers. The temper and tempo of the Elizabethan age is well demonstrated in the works of its greatest literary figure.,在莎翁的历史剧当中，君主往往是反面角色。伊丽莎白女王呢，当然知道这一点，她并没有下令禁止演出莎士比亚的戏剧。因为小莎从来就没有对女王有任何不敬，相反，他写了很多歌颂女王和她妈妈的剧本，赢得了大家的喜爱，如果他敢把女王写成反面角色，他早就人头落地了。 尽管在哈姆雷特这样的剧中，就有“脆弱啊，你的名字是女人！”这样的台词。但是呢，这并没有影响伊丽莎白女王一世界、就坐在舞台对面的包厢里看戏。 因为称女人脆弱是一种赞美，反之，如果一女的被说成刚强，则一般被认为是一种污蔑。 女王的宽容，成就了莎士比亚的艺术高度，也成就了英国整个岛国上的人民的面貌和气质。 如今，在他的故居，已竖起了近200多个国家的国旗，每一面都代表一个国家翻译了他的作品。他的名声也可想而知。就像中国人研究“红学”一样，对莎士比亚的研究也成了一门学问，叫做“莎学”。,伊丽莎白一世（Elizabeth I，1533年9月7日-1603年3月24日），于1558年11月17日至1603年3月24日任英格兰王国和爱尔兰女王，是都铎王朝的第五位也是最后一位君主。她终身未嫁，因被称为“童贞女王”。她即位时不但成功地保持了英格兰的统一，而且在经过近半个世纪的统治后，使英格兰成为欧洲最强大的国家之一。英格兰文化也在此期间达到了一个顶峰，涌现出了诸如莎士比亚、弗朗西斯培根这样的著名人物。英国在北美的殖民地亦在此期间开始确立。在英国历史上在位时被称为“伊丽莎白时期”，亦称为“黄金时代”。,伊丽莎白时期是英国文化发展的一个重要时期。文学，尤其是诗歌和话剧进入了一个黄金时代。她本人也从事写作和翻译，她亲自翻译了霍勒斯的诗歌艺术。一些她生前的演说和翻译作品一直流传至今。,About the text,Key words and linguistic points: Run like in the wind Shouting at the top of her voice Not the best, but good.,Orchard garden with fruits Enraged angry Explore travel with adventures Monotonous single and boring Insignificant not important Shilling money unit =1/20 pound Versatile gifted in many ways, all-around Rehearsal practice performances,Notes,在加拿大安大略省（Ontario, Canada）西南部，有一座和英国埃汶河畔同名的小镇Stratford 【斯特拉福德】。早期的欧洲移民在1832年仿照文艺复兴时期著名戏剧家，诗人莎士比亚的英国故乡Stratford-Upon-Avon而命名的，1859年成为镇，1886年成为市，面积约22平方公里， 拥有大约3万人口。 这是一个人口仅3万人左右的小镇。你知道么？它是17岁当红歌手Justin Bieber【贾斯汀比伯】的家乡！,Geoffrey Chaucer ( c. 1343 25 October 1400), known as the Father of English literature,