2016年全国卷一高考英语真题词汇知识点汇总.doc

2016年全国卷一高考英语词汇短语知识点汇总假定你是李华，暑假想去一家外贸公司兼职，已写好申请书和个人简历（resume）。给外教Mr Jenkins 写信，请她帮你修改所附材料的文字和格式（format） 注意： 1. 词数100左右; 2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯【答案】 Dear Ms Jenkins, I am Li Hua, I am writing to tell you something about my plan for the coming summer vacation and I also want you to do me a favor. In order to get some practical experience, I am planning to take a part-time job in a foreign capital company. I have already finished my application and resume. But this is the first time that I have written an application and the personals resume, so I dont know if there are something to pay attention to. So, Im writing you the letter, hoping you can give me some help. I will be very grateful if you can do me the favor. Looking forward to your reply. And Id be really thankful. Yours,另外 参考词汇书信体，邮件的问候语Long time no see. 1.How are you?2.How have you been?3.Hows everything going？4.Hows it going?5.How are things with you?写信目的句式1.Im writing to you to present what I think about sth2.Im writing to you to tell you something about sth暑假 summer vacation vacation假期 vocation职业 公司 company/firm firm做形容词翻译为坚固的 capital 首都/资本/大写字母 外贸公司 foreign capital company/foreign trade company apply应用/申请 coming/following接下来的 做兼职 take a part-time job 实践的practical 帮助某人 help sb=do sb a favor=give sb a hand打算做某事plan to do=intend to do=mean to do 时间的句式It is the first time that sb have done sth是某人你一次做某事It was the first time that sb had done.sth是某人第一次做某事 It is high time sb did sth/ It is high time sb should do sth是某人做某事的时间了 放在作文最后一段号召性的句子 give sb some help give=offer=provide=supply help可换为 adxvice/suggestions 最后表示感谢 I will be grateful/thankful if=I will appreciate it if写信的结束语Look forward to your early reply.Look forward to hearing from youBest wishes短文改错假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。 文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。 增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号，并在其下面写出该加的词。 删除：把多余的词用斜线划掉。 修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。 注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词； 2.只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。 My uncle is the owner of a restaurant close to that 1 live .Though not very big ,but the restaurant is popular in our area .It is always crowded with customers at meal times .Some people even had to wait outside My uncle tells me that the key to his success is honest. Every day he makes sure that fresh vegetables or high quality oil are using for cooking. My uncle says that he never dreams becoming rich in the short period of time. Instead, he hopes that our business will grow steady. 【答案】 1. that where 2. but去掉 3. had have 4. honest honesty 5. or and 6. using used 7. becoming前加of 8. the a 9. our his 10. steadsteadily1. that改为where 考查宾语从句的引导词。介词后面的宾语从句缺少状语，根据句意判断此处缺少地点，故将that改为where。2. but 去掉 在英语中有了though虽然，不用but但是【归纳总结】在英语中though、although、while或者as等引导的让步状语从句不和but连用；连词because不和so连用；此外，return不和back连用。3. had have 考查动词时态。 文章是介绍现在的情况，应该用一般现在时。4. honest honesty 考查名词。此处是指诚实是他成功的秘诀，用名词形式。 而形容词honest意思是“诚实的”，是指人的性格特点。 5. or and 考查连词。根据句意判断此处是表示并列关系，故把or改为and。6. using used 考查被动语态。根据句意可知此处表示被动含义，be used for“被用来去做”。 7. becoming前加of 考查介词。 固定短语: dream of 梦想做某事。 8.the a 考查冠词。 固定短语：in a short time在短时间内。9. our his 考查代词。根据句意可知此处是指叔叔的生意，用his指代。 10. steadsteadily 考查副词。根据句意可知此处grow是实意动词，意思是 “增长”，不是系动词，故用副词修饰。另外 be crowded with集满了 the key to sth/doing sth /做的关键 quality质量 quantity数量 used to do过去常常做某事 be used.to do sth/be used for doing sth被用来做某事 be/get used to doing sth习惯于做某事 use up=run out of用光 dream of/about sth/doing sth梦想着(做)某事 in a short period of 在很短的一段时间内(固定搭配)Instead 相反的 前后表对比 虽然 although/though/even though/even if/as/while都不能与but连用Although表虽然不用倒装 though表虽然 可以倒装也可以不倒装 as 表虽然 必须倒装as引导的让步状语从句倒装有四种类型1.形容词 + as + 主语 + 系动词.如：Tired as he is,he offers to help me.尽管他已经很累了,他还是主动提出帮助我.2.名词 (不带冠词的名词)+ as + 主语 + 系动词.如：Student as he is,he does not study hard.他虽然是个学生,却不努力学习.3.副词 + as + 主语 + 谓语部分.如：Much as I admire his courage,I dont think he acted wisely.我虽然崇拜他的勇气,但我认为他这样做是不明智的.4.动词原形 + as + 主语 + 谓语的另一部分（情态动词或助动词may,might,will,would等）.如：Try as you will,you wont be able to persuade him.不管你怎么努力,你都说服不了他.补充Hard as he tried, he still failed. (他虽然努力了,但仍然失败了.)Though he tried hard, he still failed.Hard though he tried, he still failed.Although he tried hard, he still failed.英语里的变得become/ get/ go/ grow/ turn. 这几个词都可作连系动词表“变化的”，但用法有别：become 比较正式，常用于书面语中，表示由一个状态向另一个状态的变化。通常用于过去完成的事，不表未来的事。如： I became a teacher three years ago.我是三年前当老师的。(由学生或其他职业变成老师) He has become a famous person. 他已成为名人了。.get 多用于口语中，后常接形容词，表“变化”的过程，特别常接比较级形容词。如： The days are getting longer and longer. 白天变得越来越长了。(含动作意识) Things are getting worse.情况变得更糟了。.go 表示因某种原因而进入某种状态，说明“变”的结果。 After he heard the news, his face went white. 听到这个消息，他的脸变白了。 The sky went cloudy. 天娈阴了。.grow 表“渐渐地变”，强调逐渐变化的过程。 如： The smoke grew bigger and thicker. 烟变得越来越大，越来越浓了。 My younger brother is growing tall. 我弟弟渐渐长高了。.turn 含有“变得和以前完全不同”之意，说明变的结果。 The trees turn green. 树变绿了。 His love turned into hate. 他由爱生恨 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。Chengdu has dozens of new millionaires, Asias biggest building, and fancy new hotels. But for tourists like me, pandas are its top_61_(attract). So it was a great honour to be invited backstage at the not-for-profit Panda Base, where ticket money helps pay for research, I_62_（allow）to get up close to these cute animals at the 600-acre centre. From tomorrow, I will be their UK ambassador. The title will be _63_(official) given to me at a ceremony in London. But my connection with pandas goes back _64_ my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s, _65_ I was the first Western TV reporter_66_ (permit) to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild. My ambassadorial duties will include _67_(introduce) British visitors to the 120-plus pandas at Chengdu and others at a research in the misty mountains of Bifengxia. On my recent visit, I help a lively three-month-old twin that had been rejected by _68_ (it) mother. The nursery team switches him every few _69_( day) with his sister so that while one is being bottle-fed, _70_ other is with mum-she never suspects. 【答案】 61. attraction 62. was allowed 63. officially 64. to 65. when 66. permitted 67. introducing 68. its 69. days 70. the 61.attraction考查名词。形容词top后面跟名词形式。62.was allowed.考查时态和语态。根据句意作者是被允许走近这些动物。Be allowed to do sth被允许做某事。63. officially考查副词。修饰动词用副词形式。 64. to 考查介词。固定短语：go back to “回到”。 65. when考查定语从句。后面是非限制性定语从句，从句缺少状语，因为先行词是时间，故填when。 66. permitted 考查过去分词。被修饰的名词和permit之间是被动关系，用过去分词。 67. introducing考查动名词。 介词后面应该用动名词形式。 68. its考查代词。 修饰名词用形容词性的物主代词，故填its。 69. days考查名词复数。Few修饰复数名词。 【归纳总结】修饰复数名词的词和短语包括：many, few, a few, several, a number of, hundreds of等。修饰不可数名词的词和短语包括：much, a little, little , a bit of等。既能修饰复数名词又能修饰不可数名词的词和短语包括：more , such, plenty of, a lot of , lots of, a quantity of, quantities of等。 70. the考查冠词。固定短语：one the other“一个另一个”。 考点：语法填空归纳总结 语法填空题的考查范围：动词（时态、语态、主谓一致、非谓语形式）、名词、代词、冠词 介词、数词，连词，固定搭配、情态动词、复合句、形容词和副词的比较级最高级及构词法、倒装、虚拟语气，省略、强调等。 如：63题是考查副词；68题考查代词；69题考查名词复数；70题考查冠词等。 解题策略：1.略读理解分析填空连贯检查（语法正确、语意连贯、拼写正确、书写规范、大小写准确） 2. 了解语法、词法、句法、章法和惯用法。另外 dozen一打 dozens of几十个 fancy n想象 adj 奇特的 backstage后台 为副词home here there abroad都为副词 前不加介词 be based on以为基础 help sb=do sb a favor帮助某人 help oneself to sth自便吃 can not hellp doing sth情不自禁做某事 Can not help to do sth不能帮助去做某事 研究research/study 调查 survey title头衔/标题 20世纪80年代 in the 1980S/in the 1980S starve挨饿 misty有雾的 reject拒绝 表示每隔/每几.的各种表达法;1.“every 基数词(大于或等于2) 复数名词” 每.every four years 每四年(每隔三年)every few days 每几天2.“every other 单数名词” 意思是“每隔一”every other day 每两天,每隔一天3.“every other 基数词(大于或等于2) 复数名词” =“every 基数词(大于或等于2) + other复数名词” 意思是“每隔”.如:every other two days =every two other days 每隔两天.=every three days 不过这第3种用法用得较少.4.every 序数词(大于或等于2) 单数名词.每隔.如:every second day =every other day=every two days每隔一天,每两天 every third day =every three days=every other two days=every two other days 每隔两天,每三天 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C 和 D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 A Heroic DriverLarry works with Transport Drivers, Inc. One morning in 2009. Larry was41 along 165 north after delivering to one of his42.Suddenly, he saw a car with its bright lights on. 43he got closer, he found 44 vehicle upside down on the road. One more look and he noticed 45shooting out from under the 46 vehicle. Larry pulled over, set the brake and 47the fire extinguisher (灭火器). Two good bursts from the extinguisher and the fire was put out. The man who had his bright lights on48 and told Larry he had49an emergency call. They 50 heard a womans voice coming from the wrecked (毁坏的) vehicle. 51the vehicle, they saw that a woman was trying to get out of the broken window. They told her to stay 52 until the emergency personnel arrived, 53 she thought the car was going to 54. Larry told her that he had already put out the fire and she should not move 55 she injured her neck.Once fire and emergency people arrive, Larry and the other man 56 and let them go to work. Then, Larry asked the57 if he was needed or 58to go. They let him and the other man go.One thing is 59Larry went above and beyond the call of duty by getting so close to the burning vehicle! His 60most likely saved the womans life. 41. A. walking B. touring Ctraveling Drushing42. A. passengers B. colleagues C. employers D. customers43. A. Since B. Although C. As D. If44. A. each B. another C. that D. his45. A. flames B. smoke C. water D. steam46. A. used B. disabled C. removed D. abandoned47. A. got hold of B. prepared C. took charge of D. controlled48. A. came down B. came through C. came in D. came over49. A. returned B. received C. made D. confirmed50. A. then B. again C. finally D. even51. A. Starting B. Parking C. Passing D. Approaching52. A. quiet B. still C. away D. calm53. A. for B. so C. and D. but54. A. explode B. slip away C. fall apart D. crash55. A. as if B. unless C. in case D. after56. A. stepped forward B. backed off C. moved on D. set out57. A. woman B. police C. man D. driver58. A. forbidden B. ready C. asked D. free59. A.for certain B. for consideration C. reported D.checked60. A.patience B. skills C. efforts D.promise 答案及解析:知识点：完型填空41-45.CDCBA 46-50.BADCA 51-55. DBDAC 56-60.BBDAC试题分析：本文是一篇记叙文主要介绍了司机Larry在路上遇到着火的汽车，积极救人的故事。41.C考查动词辨析。根据下文中Larry pulled over可知他沿着公路行驶。Travel“进行”，故选C。42.D考查名词辨析。根据首句Larry works with Transport Drivers，Inc可知他是司机，由此推断他应该是在给客户送完货后回去的路上。43.C考查连词辨析及语境理解。根据语境判断当他走近的时候，他又发现了另一辆汽车。as“当时候”44.B考查代词辨析及语境理解。根据前句Suddenly, he saw a car with its bright lights on,可知当时有一辆开着亮灯的车，由此判断他又发现一辆损毁的汽车。45.A考查名词辨析及语境理解。根据第一段末句the fire was put out可知当时汽车是着火了。Flame火苗；smoke烟；water水；steam蒸汽。故选A。46.B考查形容词词辨析及语境理解。根据第二段中a womens voice coming from the wrecked vehicle，可知汽车是毁坏了的，used使用；disabled 残废的；removed被移除了的；abandoned被遗弃的。故选B。47.A考查动词辨析及语境理解。根据后句可知他下车灭火。Get hold of拿起；prepare准备；take charge of负责；control控制。故选A48.D考查动词辨析及语境理解。根据and told Larry he had 48 an emergency call 可知，那个司机走了过来和Larry说话。come down 下来；come through经历；come in进来；come over 走过来。故选D。49.C考查动词辨析及语境理解。根据下文可知这个司机打了电话报警。return归还；receive a call接到电话；make a call 打电话；confirm确认。故选C。50.A考查副词辨析及语境理解。根据语境判断他们听到车内有人发出的声音。Then那时；again再次；finally终于；even甚至。故选A。51.D考查动词辨析及语境理解。根据上文可知汽车着火了，情况很危险，由此推断Larry离汽车远，由此判断走近了才看到车内的那位女士。52.B考查形容词辨析及语境理解。根据本段末句she should not move可知，Larry让这名女士不要动。Quiet 安静的；still不动的；away远离的；calm沉着的；故选 B。53.D考查连词辨析及语境理解。根据后句可以推断这位受困的女士想从汽车里出来，而Larry不让她动，怕她伤到脖子，这两句话之间是转折关系。54.A考查动词辨析及语境理解。根据后句内容判断这位妇女害怕汽车会爆炸。Explore爆炸；slip away溜走；fall apart 崩溃；crash坠毁，摔碎；故选A 。55.C考查短语和介词辨析及语境理解。Step forward走上前去；back off后退；move on继续；set out出发，根据上文可知Larry害怕她脖子会受伤，前后句之间是假设关系。56.B考查动词短语辨析及语境理解。根据后句内容可以推断他们为了不妨碍警察救人，都退到后面。57.B考查名词辨析及语境理解。根据上文Once fire and emergency people arrived可知是救援的警察赶到现场。故选B。58.D考查形容词辨析及语境理解。根据后句可知警察让他离开了，由此判断Larry询问警察他是否离去。59.A考查短语辨析及语境理解。for consideration 以供参考； report报道；check核实；60.C考查名词辨析及语境理解。Patience耐心；skill技能；effort努力；promise承诺； 故选C。根据从上文可知Larry努力挽救了别人的性命。【方法点拨】解答完形填空的三大策略词语同现、词语复现和逻辑推理是解答完形填空的三大策略，领会和掌握这三大策略对提高完形填空的解题速度和准确率大有裨益。1. 词语同现。词语同现是指意义上相关的词汇出现在同一语篇中，构成了以某一话题为中心的词汇链，也有人称之为语义场。比如They told her to stay 52 until the emergency personnel arrived.52. A. quiet B. still C. away D. calm根据后文中she should not move，可以判断选B。2. 词语复现。词语复现指某一个词以原词、同根词、同义词、反义词(如wrong, not correct)、上义词、下义词等方式重复出现在语篇中，语篇中的句子通过这种复现关系达到相互衔接。比如： One more look and he noticed 45 shooting out45. A. flames B. smoke C. water D. steam根据后句中the fire was put out判断选A。3. 逻辑推理。在做完形填空时许多考生都会有这样的经历，即使他们对选项当中的每个词的意思都非常清楚，但得分不高。因为完形填空考查的是一种综合能力，不但是对词汇的考查，而且对句子间和上下文之间逻辑关系的推断也是完形填空考查的重点。其中逻辑关系主要包括因果关系、转折关系、对比关系、并列关系等。另外 transport运输 运送 Inc.公司 heroic英雄的 deliver 传送 发表 colleague 同事 employer雇佣者 employee被雇佣者 vehicle车辆 upside down翻转 旅行 travel旅行 长途的 journey旅行 长途的 trip旅行 短途的 tour旅行 观光 voyage航行 (海上/太空)Ride旅行 数词+more+名词=another+数词+名词 再个 see/hear/notice+sb+doing sth(正在做)/do sth(全过程)Flame火焰 steam蒸汽 pull over靠边停车 pull 拉 push 推 set the brake踩刹车 In charge of/take charge of掌管着 in the charge of 由掌管 使某人做某事 make/let/have sb do sth get/force/drive/cause sb to do sth emergency 急救 return=give back 归还=come back返回 confirm证实 approach靠近 stay+adj保持的Still 仍旧/蒸馏器/静止的，一动不动的 personnel人员 slip away溜走 crash坠毁 fall apart崩溃 hold握住/容纳/举办 get hold of 拿出以供使用 neck脖子 lace带子 necklace项链Set out=set off出发 abandon遗弃 forward上前 forbid禁止 prohibit禁止 be free to do sth自由/随意做某事 for certain确定的 for consideration以供考虑 be lokely to do sth可能做某事 with+宾语+宾语补足语,构成with复合结构,宾语可以是名词或是代词,宾语补足语可以是介词短语、过去分词、现在分词、形容词、动词不定式、副词.且with后面的宾语与其后的宾语补足语有逻辑上的主谓关系.形式一 with+宾语+形容词He often sleeps with the windows open.他常开着窗睡觉.形式二 with+宾语+副词He was lying on the bed with all his clothes on.他和衣躺在床上.形式三 with+宾语+名词He died with his daughter yet a schoolgirl.他去世时,女儿还是个小学生.形式四 with+宾语+介词短语She said good-bye with tears in her eyes.她含着眼泪说了声再见.形式五 with+宾语+现在分词(短语)I wont be able to go on holiday with my mother being ill.因为妈妈有病,我无法去度假.形式六 with+宾语+过去分词(短语)All the afternoon he worked with the door locked.整个下午他都锁着门在房里工作.形式七 with+宾语+不定式(短语)I cant go out with all these clothes to wash.要洗这些衣服,我无法出去了.Secret codes (密码)keep messages private。Banks, companies, and government agencies use secret codes in doing business, especially when information is sent by computer.People have used secret codes for thousands of years. 36 Code breaking never lags(落后) far behind code making. The science of creating and reading coded messages is called cryptography.There are three main types of cryptography. 37 For example, the first letters of “My elephant eats too many eels” Spell out the hidden message “Meet me.”38 You might represent each letter with a number, for example, Lets number the letters of the alphabet, in order, from 1 to 26. If we substitute a number for each letter, the message “Meet me” would read “135520135.”A code uses symbols to replace words, phrases, or sentences. To read the message of a real code, you must have a code book. 39 For example, ”bridge“ might stand for “meet” and “out” might stand for “me.” The message “Bridge out” would actually mean “Meet me.” 40 However, it is also hard to keep a code book secret for long. So codes must be changed frequently.A. It is very hard to break a code without the code book.B. In any language, some letters are used more than others.C. Only people who know the keyword can read the message.D. As long as there have been codes, people have tried to break them.E. You can hide a message by having the first letters of each word spell it out.F. With a code book, you might write down words that would stand for other words.G. Another way to hide a message is to use symbols to stand for specific letters of the alphabet. 答案及解析:知识点：七选五36.D 37.E 38.G 39.F 40.A试题分析：本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了密码的设置方法和破解的方法。36.D根据后句内容可以判断该空应该和密码的破译有关，故判断D项内容符合语境逻辑，可以承接上下文。37.E 后面举的例子是来真名人们设置密码时往往会利用一些单词的第一个字母来作为密码，由此判断E选项内容符合语境逻辑。38.G根据后面的解释内容可以判断这是介绍密码设置的又一种方法，故判断G选项符合语境。39.F根据后面的举例以及前句中的 a code book可以判断该句是介绍密码书的使用，故判断F选项可以起到承上启下的作用。40.A根据空后内容的转折可知尽管利用密码书可以破译密码，但是一本密码书也不会使用很久的时间，故判断A选项符合语境。【归纳总结】七选五阅读填空考查考生对文章的整体内容和结构以及上下文逻辑意义的理解和掌握。解题技巧如下：1.注重句式的对接，比如排比句，祈使句等；2. 注重词汇的衔接，也就是利用上下文所重复的关键词，即词的复现原则进行判断，其中包括同义词，原词和反义词的复现；3.注重举例或解释等。如第37题和第39题只需要利用for example来进行解题。另外 七选五注意两条技巧 同义词(上下句) 就近原则(选项中的特定词与上下句之间的特定词保持一致) 注意句子与句子之间的关系如 总分 分总 Code代码 agency代理/机构 as long.as=if只要 symbol象征 标志 stand for代表 represent代表 specific 特定的 具体的 number数字/标序号 frequently频繁地 in order 按顺序 substitude替换 phrase短语more than 的用法 1. more than后面跟名词，意为“不只是，不仅仅是”。例如： Kate was more than a teacher. She also did what she could to take care of her pupils. 凯特不仅仅是位教师，她还尽其所能照顾她的学生。 3. more than与数词连用，意思是“多于，大于，超过”。例如： I have known him for more than twenty years. 我认识他已经超过20年了。3. more than与形容词和分词连用，表示“非常、十分”。例如： They were more than happy to see us come back from the expedition. 看到我们远征而归，他们异常高兴。 4. more than与动词连用，对动词起着加强语气的作用。例如： His progress in English learning more than encouraged him to learn the subject well. 在英语学习方面的进步激励他学好这门课程。 5. more than和含有情态动词的句子连用，有否定意义，表示“是难以”或“超过了所能”之义。例如： （1）The beauty of the mountainous country is more than I can describe. 我难以描述那个山村的美丽。 （2）This problem is more