中考动词种类复习.ppt

动词的种类,英语语法词性详解二动词,二、动词的分类,一、动词的定义,三、动词的时态,四、非谓语动词,五、动词语态,1.一般现在时,2.一般过去时,3.一般将来时,4.现在进行时,5.过去进行时,6.现在完成时,7.过去完成时,8.过去将来时,六、动词的基本形式,表示动作中状态的词叫做动词。,一、动词的定义,按句中的功能：,实义动词（Notional Verb） make, 系动词（Link Verb） 助动词（Auxiliary Verb） 情态动词（Modal Verb）,1. 实义动词 及物动词：+宾语（不完整） 不及物动词：（完整） 延续性动词：+ for/since （时间） 非延续性动词：发生即结束。 buy, lend, borrow, die, start, begin, stop finish, arrive, join,come,go 等等。,及物动词：+宾语（不完整） Please pass me the book. We called the bird Polly. 不及物动词：（完整） Eric run fast. Frank looks at the blackboard.,+（介词）+宾语,及物动词和不及物动词: . 1. I study painting at school. 2. I dont know the answer. 3. He is reading a book. 4. I saw her dancing. 5. The boy laughed at last.,( 及物 ),( 及物 ),( 及物 ),( 及物 ),(不及物),延续性动词：+ for/since （时间） You can keep this book for two weeks. I have lived here since 2000. 非延续性动词：发生即结束。 He has arrived here for 5 hours. He has been here for 5 hours.,( T),持续性动词和终止性动词: 持续性动词是能持续发生一段时间的动作. 终止性动词是不能持续发生一段时间的动作,瞬间发生 瞬间结束的动作。,1.Her grandfather has been dead for ten years. ( ) 2.Her grandfather has died for ten years. ( ) 3.How long can I borrow the book? ( ) 4.His mother has been away since last Tuesday. ( ),Y,Y,N,N,die _ borrow _ join _ _ open _,leave _ close _ buy _ begin _ come _,be dead,be away (from),keep,be closed,be in,be a member of,have,be on,be open,be here/stay/live,2.系动词,联系动词（Link Verb） +表语 （不单做谓语） 1）Be 动词 （状态系动词） 2）持续系动词 3）表像系动词 4）感官系动词. 5）变化系动词,He is a teacher 用来表示主语状态（is与补足语一起说明主语的身份） He always kept silent at meeting. （keep, rest, remain, stay, lie, stand） He looks tired. （看起来像）： seem, appear, look This flower smells very sweet. （feel, smell, sound, taste） He became mad after that. （become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come, run.）,3.助动词,协助主要动词构成谓语动词词组的词叫助动词. 1） 助动词协助主要动词完成以下功用，可以用来： 表示 , 例如： 表示 ，例如： 构成疑问句，例如： 与否定副词not合用，例如： 加强语气， 2） 最常用的助动词有：be, have, do, shall, will, should, would ，,He is singing.,He was sent to England.,Do you like college life?,I dont like him.,I do love you,时态,语态,动词的时态,一般现在时 一般过去时 一般将来时 现在进行时 过去进行时 现在完成时 过去完成时 过去将来时,1、一般现在时 一般现在时常用来表示现在习惯或经常反复发生的动作，与always, usually, often, sometimes, every day (week, month)等连用；表示现在的事实或状态； 表示主语所具有的特征，性格和能力；以及表示客观事实或普遍其理。 一般现在时的构成： 一般现在时通常以动词原形表示，但当主语是第三人称单数时，动词原形后需加-s或-es。 She likes biology very much. 她非常喜欢生物。 They often go to school by bike.他们通常骑车上学。,2、一般过去时,一般过去时表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态，常与表示过去时间的副词如：yesterday, last week, two hours ago等连用； 表示过去一段时间经常或反复发生的动作，这时可与频度副词often, usually, always等连用； 表示过去发生的一连串动作，以及在时间和条件状语从句中，用一般过去时表示过去将来的动作。 一般过去时的构成：一般过去时由动词的过去式构成。 She often went swimming last year. 她去年经常去游泳。,3.一般将来时,1.will+动词原形 (I /we shall) 2.be going to+动词原形 3.be+to do 表示计划,责任,约定或命令 4. be about to do sth 表示正要做,马上要做. (不能与表示将来时间的状语连用) 5.be+v-ing 6.一般现在时表将来,一般将来时,now,past,future,He is going to/will watch TV tomorrow evening.,1、 shall与will的区别：,shall,will,shall常用于第一人称.,will常用于第二、三人称,但在口语中各种人称都可以用will.,否定式：will not = wont,否定式：shall not = shant,缩略形式,2、be going to 表示计划，安排要做的事 表示现在的迹象推断未来可能发生某事。 - What _do this evening? - I am going to do my lessons. 看那些乌云要下雨了. Loot at the dark clouds. It _rain.,is going to,are you going to,3.be to do 表按计划或安排即将发生的动作 表示约定，责任，命令，或注定要发生的动作。 官方计划或决定（常见于报纸或广播） He and I are to meet at the railway station tomorrow. You are not to be back late. The president is to speak on TV tonight.,计划，安排,责任，命令,官方计划或决定,4.be about to do 表示正要做,马上要做. (不能与表示将来的时间的状语连用) was /were about to do when 正要突然发生 英语晚会即将开始。 The English Evening Party is about to begin. 我正要出去,这时下起了雨. I was about to go out when it began to rain.,5.be +v-ing go, come, leave, start, arrive, stay, fly, land, take off等动词可用现在进行时表示安排和计划或即将发生的动作。 我们明天动身去青岛. Were leaving for Qingdao.,注:在时间或条件状语从句中,从句用一般现在时表示将来时:when, as soon as, before, once, if , unless, even if, in case If you come this morning, we will have a meeting. When I graduate, I will go to the countryside,be going to与will的区别,1. be going to 表示近期、眼下就要发生的事情，will 表示的将来时间则较远一些，如： He is going to write a letter tonight. He will write a book one day.,2. be going to 表示根据主观判断将来肯定发生的事情，will表示客观上将来势必发生的事情。 He is seriously ill. He is going to die. He will be twenty years old.,4.在有条件从句的主句中，一般不用 be going to, 而多用will, 如： If any beasts comes at you, Ill stay with you and help you will和be going to的选用原则,3. be going to 含有“计划，准备”的意思，而 will 则没有这个意思，如： She is going to lend us her book. He will be here in half an hour.,关于“打算” 原先作好的打算用“be going to”。 “Kate is in hospital.” “Yes, I know. I am going to see her this afternoon.” “凯特在住院。”“是的，我知道。我下午要去看她。” 说话时即时的打算用“will”。 “Kate is in hospital.” “Oh, really, I didnt know. I will go and see her at once.” “凯特在住院。”“哦，是吗？我都不知道呢。我得马上去看她。”,2. 关于“预料” 在有迹象表明的情况下的预料用“be going to” Look at the clouds. Its going to rain. 你看天上的云。快下雨了。 在没有迹象表明的情况下进行的猜测用“will，be going to”皆可。,当动词表示内心活动时，表示猜测的句子必须用“will” I think she will like the cake I made for her. 我想她会喜欢我为她做的蛋糕。你想车能发动起来吗？,There be 句型的将来时： There is /are going to There will be 不能跟have连用 There is going to be a football game next Saturday in our school. There is going to have a football game next Saturday in our school.,( T),情态动词,表示说话人的态度，+V.原 （谓语）无人称和数的变化。 can(could), may(might), must, need, ought to, shall(should) will(would), dare(dared), have to(had to), had better,三、按动词的形式可以分为谓语动词和非谓语动词,1、谓语动词(如下),2、非谓语